scholarly journals Diagnosis and Inhibition of the Virulence Factor Phaseolenone of the Pathogenic Fungus Macrophomina phaseolina Using Some Chemical and Biological Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-256
Author(s):  
Aouf Al Jbory ◽  
◽  
Abdallah Hasan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Biological Methods

Al-Jbory, A.A.A. and A.A Hasan. 2021. Diagnosis and Inhibition of the Virulence Factor Phaseolenone of the Pathogenic Fungus Macrophomina phaseolina Using Some Chemical and Biological Methods. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 39(4): 252-256. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-039.4.252256 Results obtained in this study confirmed the efficacy of some chemical and biological factors in reducing the concentration of Phaseolenone toxin produced by the fungal pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina grown on potato dextrose broth medium. The toxin concentrations were measured in different treatments using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The citric acid treatment at 5% concentration surpassed the other treatments (lactic acid, acetic acid, SDS salts, EDTA, bacterial filtrates of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis). Citric acid treatment reduced by 5% the toxin concentration to 1.74 microgram/ml compared to 6.94 microgram/ml for the control treatment. This reduction in Phaseolenone concentration was also noticed through the reduction of the area under the curve which amounted to 1.684% for the citric acid treatment compared with 6.814% for the control treatment. Keywords: Phaseolenone, Macrophomina Phaseolina, charcoal rot, mycotoxin.

scholarly journals DETECT ACTIVITY OF SOME BIOLOGICAL FACTORS TO INDUCE RESISTANCE IN CANTALOUPE PLANT THROUGH PEROXIDASE ENZYME , PHENOLS AND CHLOROPHYLL CONTENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashem & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Peroxidase Enzyme ◽  
Induce Resistance ◽  
Treated Plant

The aim of this study was to evaluate efficiency of some biological agents to reduce charcoal rot of Cantaloupe which is caused by Macrophomina  phaseolina  under wooden canopy and to detect activity of inducer  agents through Peroxidase enzyme, phenols and chlorophyll contents. Results obtained under Wooden canopy, treatment of combination between T.viride and B.subtilis was superior on other treatments. The disease percentage and disease severity were (0.0), (0.0)% respectively compared to control treatment (pathogen) 88.3 and 76.6% respectively. However treatment of integration between T.viride and B.subtilis was superior on other treatments in antagonism against M.phaseolina and to improve growth parameters of cantaloupe and increased wet weight and dry weight of vegetation and root to (35.0 – 4.0), (13.7 – 2.4) g/ plant respectively. Results indicated that treated plant produced phenols and peroxidase enzyme. Treatments of   T.viride with  B.subtilis or T.viride with  A.chrococcum showed superiority in inducing peroxidase enzyme. The change in light absorbance/ min/ g .Fresh weight of cantaloupe were 81.2 and 80.6 respectively, compared to control treatment (pathogenic fungus) the activity of Peroxidase was 36.9. the same trend reflected to increase activity of phenols in treatments of T.viride with  B.subtilis or T.viride with  A.chrococcum reached (5.21 and 5.00) mg/g. compared with control treatment 3.6 mg/g. The result, also showed that all treatments increased chlorophyll content. Integration between T.viride and  B.subtilis achieved highest chlorophyll content (56.3) Spad.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL FACTORS OF INFLUENCE ON THE PRODUCTION OF WINTER WHEAT SEEDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE WESTERN FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
A. P. Voloshchuk ◽  
I. S. Voloshchuk ◽  
V. V. Gliva ◽  
O. M. Sluchak ◽  
G. S. Gereshko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Search And Selection ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

In recent years, interest in non-traditional methods of farming and plant growing has increased, which include the widespread use of biological methods of plant protection and nutrition, allowing significantly reduce the use of pesticides and reduce fertilizer rates. Therefore, there is a constant search and selection of highly effective and competitive formulations that, in growing technologies, ensured an increase in yield and the quality of the grown products. It has been established that the reasons for obtaining seeds of low yielding and sowing qualities of winter wheat in the zone of excessive moisture in the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are lodging of crops and the development of harmful diseases. These negative phenomena can be prevented through the use of the Vympel-2 growth regulator and Oracle microfertilizer colofermin copper, both when separately and simultaneously introduced into the ejection phase of the tube. Under the influence of these formulations, resistance to lodging of plants increases, the spread of diseases decreases: powdery mildew, leaf septoria, and dark brown rust. The increased spike growth and the best filling of winter wheat grains occur due to the shortening of the vegetative part of the shoot, which contributes to a significant increase in productivity - 0.45–0.55 t / ha. Due to optimal growth and development, seeds of high sowing qualities are formed on maternal plants. The most effective is the tank mixture of the Vympel-2 growth regulator (0.5 l / ha) with microfertilizer Oracle colofermin copper (1.0 l / ha) against the background of N30P90K90 with the phased introduction of nitrogen according to N30P90K90 at the IV and VII stages of organogenesis, which reduced development diseases on plants compared with the control (without treatment of sowing) by 15.4% (powdery mildew), 10.8 (leaf Septoria) and 10.4% (dark brown spotting).

scholarly journals In vitro mycelial sensitivity of Macrophomina phaseolina to fungicides

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosane Fátima Baldiga Tonin ◽  
Aveline Avozani ◽  
Anderson Luiz Durante Danelli ◽  
Erlei Melo Reis ◽  
Sandra Maria Zoldan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Growth Evaluation ◽  
Fungus Growth ◽  
Ic50 Concentration

Black root rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tass.) Goid., is the most common root disease in soybean fields. This study aimed to determine the in vitro mycelial sensitivity, measured by the IC50 (concentration to inhibit 50% of the fungus mycelial growth) of a M. phaseolina isolate obtained from soybean, to different fungicides (thiram, iprodione, carbendazim, pyraclostrobin, fluquinconazol, tolyfluanid, metalaxyl and penflufen + trifloxystrobin), at six concentrations (0.01 mg L-1, 0.10 mg L-1, 1.00 mg L-1, 10.00 mg L-1, 20.00 mg L-1 and 40.00 mg L-1 of the active ingredient). The 0.00 mg L-1 concentration represented the control, without fungicide addition. The mycelial growth evaluation was performed with the aid of a digital pachymeter, by measuring the colonies diameter, when the fungus growth in the control treatment reached the Petri dish edge. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications. Concerning the fungitoxicity of active ingredients, a variation from non-toxic to highly fungitoxic was observed to the M. phaseolina isolate, with IC50 values ranging from 0.23 mg L-1 to > 40.00 mg L-1, being carbendazim the most efficient one (IC50 = 0.23 mg L-1). The fungus showed insensitivity to the active ingredients of fluquinconazole, metalaxyl, thiram and tolyfluanid.

scholarly journals Survey of entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi in agricultural areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 214-225
Author(s):  
Magdalena Dzięgielewska ◽  
Iwona Adamska
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
The Right ◽  
Biological Methods

In 2016-2018, in north-western Poland, field studies were carried out on the coexistence of various taxonomic groups, such as soil nematodes and fungi, including beneficial species that comprise the environment’s natural resistance to pests in agrocenoses. The research aimed to find a connection between select biotic and abiotic factors in the chosen crops which could have practical applications in plant protection. Entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema feltiae Filipiev, 1934 and entomopathogenic fungi Cordyceps fumosorosea and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorokin were found to be present in all studied agrocenoses; however, they showed clear preferences for some types of crops or soil. The research shows that the effectiveness of the biological methods of plant protection depends on the selection of the right biopreparations, which strengthen the local populations of the beneficial organisms present in specific agriculture areas.

The phytopathogenic fungi Leptosphaeria maculans and Leptosphaeria biglobosa: chemotaxonomical characterization of isolates and metabolite production in different culture media

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.  Soledade C. Pedras ◽  
Paulos B. Chumala ◽  
Yang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Leptosphaeria Maculans ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Morphologic Characteristics ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Leptosphaeria Biglobosa

Previous molecular chemotaxonomic analyses of isolates of the plant pathogenic fungus Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et de Not. (asexual stage Phoma lingam (Tode ex Fr.) Desm.) in a chemically defined medium suggested that this species complex was composed of at least three distinct groups. Subsequently, a group within L. maculans was classified as Leptosphaeria biglobosa , on the basis of morphologic characteristics and the lack of sexual crossing. To obtain clarification regarding the metabolite profiles of the various groups or species of blackleg fungi, the objectives of this work were (i) to determine the chemical structures of metabolites produced by Canadian V isolates and Polish-type isolates in potato dextrose broth (PDB) and (ii) to determine the chemotaxonomic relationship among French isolates of L. biglobosa and among Canadian W isolates and Thlaspi isolates of L. maculans. Here, we report for the first time that Canadian V isolates grown in PDB produced 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzaldehyde, a metabolite never reported from L. maculans, but none of the usual phytotoxins (sirodesmins). In addition, we report a new metabolite, 2-[2-(5-hydroxybenzofuranyl)]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanenitrile, from Polish-type isolates of L. maculans grown in PDB and the metabolite profiles of 16 Thlaspi isolates. The metabolite profiles of Thlaspi isolates indicate that these are part of two distinct groups, the Polish W group and the Canadian W group, i.e., L. biglobosa. Finally, we demonstrate that the metabolite profiles of the French isolates classified as L. biglobosa are similar to those of Canadian W isolates.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document