scholarly journals Improving Bioavailability of Phytochemicals through Niosomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6-s) ◽  
pp. 119-121
Author(s):  
V. Poorani ◽  
K. Selvakumar ◽  
G. Venkat Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Short Review ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Nano Size ◽  
Day By Day

The role of nanotechnology in different sectors is increasing and improving day by day. The nanovectors or nanovehicles play a very major role in transporting essential components into the body across barriers, such as skin, intestine, blood-brain barrier, etc., which is a very essential part of pharmacology. Niosomes are one such vehicle of nano size, which can effectively improve the delivering properties of therapeutically and cosmeceutically important compounds. This short review examines different research that has been carried out in the last two decades involving niosomes to improve the bioavailability of pharmaceutically important phytochemical compounds. Keywords: Niosomes, Phytochemicals, Bioavailability, Drug delivery

scholarly journals Trojan bacteria cross blood-brain barrier for glioblastoma photothermal immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Sun ◽  
Mingzhu Liu ◽  
Jianping Lu ◽  
Binbin Chu ◽  
Yunmin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Silicon Nanoparticles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Cns Diseases ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Innovative Therapies ◽  
Photothermal Effects

Abstract Bacteria can bypass the blood-brain barrier (BBB) transcellularly, paracellularly and/or in infected phagocytes, suggesting the possibility of employment of bacteria for combating central nervous system (CNS) diseases. However, the bacteria-based drug delivery vehicle crossing the BBB is still vacant up to present. Herein, we develop an innovative bacteria-based drug delivery system (dubbed Trojan bacteria) for glioblastoma (GBM) photothermal immunotherapy. Typically, Trojan bacteria are made of therapeutics internalized into bacteria (e.g., attenuated Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli). The therapeutics are composed of glucose polymer (GP) (e.g., poly[4-O-(α-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-glucopyranose])-conjugated and indocyanine green (ICG)-loaded silicon nanoparticles (GP-ICG-SiNPs). The GP-ICG-SiNPs can be selectively and robustly internalized into the bacterial intracellular volume through the bacteria-specific ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. In an orthotopic GBM mouse model, we demonstrate that the intravenously injected Trojan bacteria could take therapeutics together not only to bypass the BBB, but also to target and penetrate GBM tissues. Under 808 nm-laser irradiation, the photothermal effects (PTT) produced by ICG allow the destruction of Trojan bacterial cells and the adjacent tumour cells. Furthermore, the bacterial debris as well as the tumour-associated antigens would promote antitumor immune responses that prolong the survival of GBM-bearing mice. Moreover, we demonstrate the residual Trojan bacteria could be effectively eliminated from the body due to the distinct photothermal effects. We anticipate the proposed Trojan bacteria system would catalyze innovative therapies for various CNS diseases.

scholarly journals Role of Phytocompounds En Route Blood-brain Barrier in Cerebral Ischemia

2020 ◽  
pp. 104-115
Author(s):  
Debjani Nath ◽  
Nasima Khanam ◽  
Ashutosh Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Junctional Complexes ◽  
Inflammatory Signalling

Aims: Cerebral ischemia is a condition that occurs when the blood vessels in the brain are occluded. Subsequent pathophysiological changes include critical structural and functional damage to the blood-brain barrier. Since remedies for restoring the blood-brain barrier are lacking, alternative methods are important. This study aims to discuss the potential role of phytochemicals in ameliorating blood-brain barrier inflammation and hyperpermeability. Methodology: This literature review is based on information available in open source databases for the scientific community. Results: Phytochemicals offer a large resource for neuroprotective cure. Different categories of phytochemical compounds have provided safer and accessible means of medication. A number of phytochemicals have demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The respective mechanisms of action have also been discovered for many. Phytochemicals generally inhibit the classic inflammatory signalling molecules, in addition to other pathways. Phytochemicals also strengthen the tight junctional complexes in the blood-brain barrier. Thus phytochemicals substantially improve the affected blood-brain barrier after cerebral ischemia. Conclusion: Phytochemicals possess useful properties directed towards the healing of the blood-brain barrier in cerebral ischemia and further research may elevate phytochemicals as approved therapeutics.

scholarly journals Crossing the barrier: The role of the blood–brain barrier in treating mental illness

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Chris E. Adkins ◽  
Kara R. Barber ◽  
Paul R. Lockman
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cns Drugs ◽  
New Drug Development

To treat mental illness effectively with pharmacological agents, a drug must be able to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) at sufficient amounts to provide therapeutic concentrations within brain tissue at a desired target. The challenge of drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) has been a longstanding problem, which has resulted in more than 98% of CNS drugs failing to enter the clinical setting because of poor BBB penetration1. This article discusses first how the BBB generally limits drug delivery to the CNS; secondly, the role the BBB plays, if any, in limiting antidepressants access to the CNS; and, finally, general strategies to bypass the BBB in new drug development for mental illness.

The treatment of brain metastasis from breast cancer, role of blood-brain barrier disruption and early experience with trastuzumab

Therapy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Marie Tyson ◽  
Dale F Kraemer ◽  
Matthew A Hunt ◽  
Leslie L Muldoon ◽  
Peter Orbay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Brain Metastasis ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Early Experience ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Barrier Disruption ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier Disruption ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Brain Barrier Disruption

Liposomes: Novel Drug Delivery Approach for Targeting Parkinson’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (37) ◽  
pp. 4721-4737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhumika Kumar ◽  
Mukesh Pandey ◽  
Faheem H. Pottoo ◽  
Faizana Fayaz ◽  
Anjali Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Targeting ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
The Brain

Parkinson’s disease is one of the most severe progressive neurodegenerative disorders, having a mortifying effect on the health of millions of people around the globe. The neural cells producing dopamine in the substantia nigra of the brain die out. This leads to symptoms like hypokinesia, rigidity, bradykinesia, and rest tremor. Parkinsonism cannot be cured, but the symptoms can be reduced with the intervention of medicinal drugs, surgical treatments, and physical therapies. Delivering drugs to the brain for treating Parkinson’s disease is very challenging. The blood-brain barrier acts as a highly selective semi-permeable barrier, which refrains the drug from reaching the brain. Conventional drug delivery systems used for Parkinson’s disease do not readily cross the blood barrier and further lead to several side-effects. Recent advancements in drug delivery technologies have facilitated drug delivery to the brain without flooding the bloodstream and by directly targeting the neurons. In the era of Nanotherapeutics, liposomes are an efficient drug delivery option for brain targeting. Liposomes facilitate the passage of drugs across the blood-brain barrier, enhances the efficacy of the drugs, and minimize the side effects related to it. The review aims at providing a broad updated view of the liposomes, which can be used for targeting Parkinson’s disease.

Monocyte as an Emerging Tool for Targeted Drug Delivery: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (44) ◽  
pp. 5296-5312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fakhara Sabir ◽  
Rai K. Farooq ◽  
Asim.ur.Rehman ◽  
Naveed Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Carrier System ◽  
Bone Marrow Precursor ◽  
Extensive Introduction ◽  
Cancer Inflammation ◽  
Targeted Drug ◽  
Cluster Of Differentiation

Monocytes are leading component of the mononuclear phagocytic system that play a key role in phagocytosis and removal of several kinds of microbes from the body. Monocytes are bone marrow precursor cells that stay in the blood for a few days and migrate towards tissues where they differentiate into macrophages. Monocytes can be used as a carrier for delivery of active agents into tissues, where other carriers have no significant access. Targeting monocytes is possible both through passive and active targeting, the former one is simply achieved by enhanced permeation and retention effect while the later one by attachment of ligands on the surface of the lipid-based particulate system. Monocytes have many receptors e.g., mannose, scavenger, integrins, cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36). The ligands used against these receptors are peptides, lectins, antibodies, glycolipids, and glycoproteins. This review encloses extensive introduction of monocytes as a suitable carrier system for drug delivery, the design of lipid-based carrier system, possible ways for delivery of therapeutics to monocytes, and the role of monocytes in the treatment of life compromising diseases such as cancer, inflammation, stroke, etc.

Brain Drug Delivery: Overcoming the Blood-brain Barrier to Treat Tauopathies

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 1448-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Hanes ◽  
Eva Dobakova ◽  
Petra Majerova
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Brain Drug Delivery ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
The Brain

Tauopathies are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the deposition of abnormal tau protein in the brain. The application of potentially effective therapeutics for their successful treatment is hampered by the presence of a naturally occurring brain protection layer called the blood-brain barrier (BBB). BBB represents one of the biggest challenges in the development of therapeutics for central nervous system (CNS) disorders, where sufficient BBB penetration is inevitable. BBB is a heavily restricting barrier regulating the movement of molecules, ions, and cells between the blood and the CNS to secure proper neuronal function and protect the CNS from dangerous substances and processes. Yet, these natural functions possessed by BBB represent a great hurdle for brain drug delivery. This review is concentrated on summarizing the available methods and approaches for effective therapeutics’ delivery through the BBB to treat neurodegenerative disorders with a focus on tauopathies. It describes the traditional approaches but also new nanotechnology strategies emerging with advanced medical techniques. Their limitations and benefits are discussed.

Potential Use of Nanomedicine for Drug Delivery Across the Blood-Brain Barrier in Healthy and Diseased Brain

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1079-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Ruozi ◽  
Daniela Belletti ◽  
Francesca Pederzoli ◽  
Flavio Forni ◽  
Maria Angela Vandelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Potential Use
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