scholarly journals Evaluation of Antiepileptic Activity of Flowers of Cocos nucifera L. Against Experimentally Induced Convulsions in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Archana B ◽  
Ravi Naik Mudavath ◽  
Vinay Enumula ◽  
N Ravali ◽  
Paka Sravan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Antiepileptic Activity ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Clonic Convulsions ◽  
Experimentally Induced

The report used to be planned to analyze the antiepileptic activity of Cocos nucifera flowers against special experimentally induced convulsions in rats. In the present study, antiepileptic activity was assessed by following experimental models. Anti-convulsant in vivo models: Maximal electroshocks (MES) induced models in rats, Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced in rats. Pretreatment of animals with Cocos nucifera flowers extract has reduced by half the general continuance of tonic hind leg extension, the most commonly used endpoint in assessing clonic convulsions. MES provokes repetitive neuronal firing indicates epileptic neurons. MES is the widely accepted model to demonstrate the antiepileptic property of a drug. This property is antagonistic of the plant extract could flow from to blockade of voltage-gated sodium channel or due to effect on NMDA receptors. The Cocos nucifera flowers extract was also demonstrated potential anticonvulsant activity in PTZ induced convulsions and this may be due to its agonistic activity on the GABAA receptor. This is further supported by an elevated level of GABA by the plant extract in the PTZ model. Methanolic extract of Cocos nucifera flowers has shown significant anticonvulsant activity against MES and Pentlylenetetrazole induced convulsion models. This observed activity could also be the referable presence of flavonoids and other phytochemical constituents found in the powerful extract. Keywords: Cocos nucifera, antiepileptic activity, Maximal electroshock, Pentlylenetetrazole, Flavonoids,

scholarly journals A Review on anti-epileptic activity of seaweed Ecklonia cava

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-s) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samiat Abimbola Owoalade ◽  
Diana Moria Martin Lou ◽  
Kashikant Yadav ◽  
Sumitra Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Epileptic Activity ◽  
Ecklonia Cava ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Antiepileptic Activity ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Experimental Laboratory

The Present study was undertaken to investigate the Anticonvulsant activity of sea weed extract of Ecklonia cava on electrically and chemically induced seizures in wistar rat. The methanolic seaweed extract was studied for its anticonvulsant activity by using experimental paradigms like Maximal electroshock-induced seizures (MES). Expected to exhibited protection against tonic convulsions induced by MES in wistar rats. Objective of these studies were designed to screen the antiepileptic activity of the seaweed Ecklonia cava in experimental laboratory animals. Keywords: Antiepileptic Activity, Ecklonia cava (E.C), seizures, Flexon, Hind Limb Extension, Electroencephalography (EEG)

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF CALLISTEMON CITRINUS (CURTIS) SKEELS (MYRTACEAE) VOLATILE OIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
R. O. Imade ◽  
A. M. Akhigbemen ◽  
A. Uchendu ◽  
C. L. Onyeagoro
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Orthodox Medicine ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Model C ◽  
Dose Dependent

The use of medicinal plants is on the rise due to the increase of various diseases and shortcomings of orthodox medicine. For many ailments including convulsion, conventional medicine has not been able to find a lasting solution. This study was directed towards assessing the ethnomedicinal use of Callistemon citrinus leaves in the management of convulsion. The volatile oil of the leaves was extracted and an acute toxicity test was carried out following Lorke’s description. Maximal electroshock (MES), strychnine and pentylenetetrazol anticonvulsant methods were used. Separate groups of albino mice were given 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg doses of the volatile oil. Drug solutions; 30 mg/kg phenobarbitone for MES and 2 mg/kg diazepam for strychnine and pentylenetetrazol models were administered as a positive control. The start of tonic leg extension, duration and percentage mortality was recorded. Doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly (P<0.05) inhibited seizure in the mice with scores of 40 % each in the MES model. There was a dose-dependent reduction in the duration of seizures with 68.47, 70.27 and 81.08 % reductions in the pentylenetetrazol model. No significant coverage was given in the strychnine model. C. citrinus oil protected the mice against pentylenetetrazol and maximal electroshock-induced convulsion hence could contribute to the medical treatment of epilepsy.

scholarly journals ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF CITRUS MAXIMUS LEAVES IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Nishanta Thakuria ◽  
Swarnamoni Das ◽  
Babul Dewan
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Seizure Models ◽  
Clonic Convulsions ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACTObjective: To assess the anticonvulsant activity of ethanolic extract of Citrus maximus (EECM) leaves of maximal electroshock seizure (MES) andpentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure models on albino (Wistar strain) rats and mice.Methods: Anticonvulsant activity was carried out by MES model and PTZ-induced clonic convulsions model; in each model, albino rats (Wistar strain)of either sex were taken and divided into five groups, each consisting of 6 rats. One group was used as control (3% w/v gum acacia), one as standard(phenytoin), and three groups for the test drug of EECM leaves (doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) treatment. The reduction in time or abolition of tonicextensor phase of MES-convulsions was recorded for all the animals. In PTZ model, either delay or complete abolition of convulsions in rats treatedwith diazepam and EECM leaves was noted for all the animals.Result: EECM leaves reduced the extensor phase of convulsion in MES in a dose-dependent manner and decrease in the duration of convulsions in PTZmodel with increasing dose. Anticonvulsant activity was seen maximum at the dose of 200 mg/kg.Conclusions: Thus, from the above two seizure models of MES and PTZ, it can be concluded that EECM leaves have got an anticonvulsant effect in anincreasing dose-dependent manner.Keywords: Anticonvulsant, Citrus maximus, Maximal electroshock seizure, Pentylenetetrazol.

scholarly journals Anticonvulsant activity of methanolic extract of Withania cogulans in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenat Fatima Khattak ◽  
Bushra Insari ◽  
Muhammad Jamal ◽  
Abdul Aleem Awan ◽  
Muhammad Azhar Sherkheli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Withania Coagulans ◽  
Tonic Extension ◽  
Clonic Convulsions ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Electroshock Seizures

Abstract Mental and neurological diseases including depression, Parkinson’s disease, dementia, epilepsy, anxiety disorders and bipolar disorders account for a considerable amount of the world’s disease burden. Unfortunately, drugs used in the treatment of neurological diseases are expensive, symptomatic and they produce undesirable side effects. People from different cultures prefer to use medicinal plants for the treatment of various ailments ranging from plain to perplex disorders because they are most affordable, cost effective and easily accessible source of treatment in the primary healthcare system throughout the world. Withania coagulans, an erect grayish under-shrub belongs to family Solanaceae. It is common in Pakistan, East India, Iran and Afghanistan. The objective of this study was to analyze the anti-seizure activity of crude methanolic extract of Withania coagulans fruits (MeWc). For screening of this activity, maximal electroshock seizures model (MES) and chemically-induced seizures models were used. In maximal electroshock seizures test MeWc showed significant dose dependent percent protection against hind-limb tonic extension; significant and dose-dependent increase in latency to myoclonic jerks and tonic clonic convulsions and decrease in seizures duration were observed in PTZ-induced seizures. In strychnine-induced convulsions MeWc significantly increased latency to hind-limb tonic extension and percent protection from death in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, it was inferred from the experiments that extract of Withania coagulans showed anticonvulsant activity.

scholarly journals Anticonvulsant activity of nicardipine in experimentally induced seizures in wistar albino rats.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Kayalvizhi M. K. ◽  
Sathiya Vinotha A. T.
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Electroshock Seizures ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of nicardipine in wistar albino rats.Methods: Anticonvulsant activity of nicardipine in a dose 10 mg/kg, and its effect with the standard drug lamotrigine (5 mg/kg) was studied in a maximal electroshock seizures (MES) experimental animal model.Results: Nicardipine in dose of 10 mg/kg showed significant anticonvulsant effect (p<0.001) and combination with standard drug lamotrigine (p<0.001) also showed more significant anticonvulsant effect in MES model.Conclusions: Nicardipine is having anticonvulsant activity and it also potentiates the anticonvulsant effect of lamotrigine in MES model.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anticonvulsant Activity of Kochia Scoparia L. Schrad (Amaranthaceae) Volatile Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
R.O Imade ◽  
A.P. Uchendu ◽  
A.M. Akhigbemen ◽  
M. Abah
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Group I

Background: Epilepsy is one of the most common serious neurological disorders. Most antiepileptic or anticonvulsant drugs do not prevent or reverse the pathological process that underlies epilepsy, hence the continuous search for new therapeutic agents with minimal side effects and greater efficacy.Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine the acute toxicity profile and investigate the anticonvulsant activity of volatile oil of Kochia scoparia (Amaranthaceae ).Method: Volatile oil was extracted from fresh leaves of K. scoparia through hydrodistillation process, using a Clavenger-type apparatus. Acute toxicity testing was done using Lorke’s method. The anticonvulsant models used were pentylenetetrazol, strychnine and maximal electroshock. Albino mice were randomly divided into five groups (n=5). Group I (control group) was given 0.2 ml each of water orally while groups II, III and IV received 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg of the volatile oil. Group V received the standard drug solution; 30 mg/kg phenobarbitone for Maximal electroshock and 2 mg/kg diazepam for pentylenetetrazol and strychnine models. The onset of tonic leg extension, duration and protection from mortality were noted.Results: Sub acute toxicity test revealed that doses above 1000mg/kg of the volatile oil is toxic. Doses of 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg significantly (P<0.05) protected the mice against seizures with scores of 20, 20 and 40 % respectively in both Maximal electroshock and pentylenetetrazol induced convulsion models. No protection was offered in strychnine induced convulsion model; P > 0.05.Conclusion: The volatile oil of K. scoparia could be useful in the management of epilepsy.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIEPILEPTIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF AZIMA TETRACANTHA ROOT IN MICE

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Madhavi Eerike ◽  
Venu Gopala Rao Konda ◽  
Ruckmani Arunachalam ◽  
Umar Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Antiepileptic Activity ◽  
Tonic Extension ◽  
Azima Tetracantha

Objective: To evaluate the antiepileptic activity of ethanolic extract of Azima tetracantha root (EEATR) against Maximal electroshock (MES) and Pentylene tetrazole (PTZ) induced seizures in mice.Methods: 48 adult male mice were used and 4 groups with six in each were allocated to each model. 4 Groups are divided into control, standard and two test groups. Control group received normal saline, standard group, Sodium valproate-200 mg/kg and the two test groups received ethanolic extract of roots of Azima tetracantha (EEATR) 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively. Antiepileptic activity was assessed based on hind limb tonic extension duration, onset of convulsions and mortality. The results were compared with control and standard.Results: In MES model EEATR reduced the duration of hind limb extension (HLE) and seizure protection was 50% and 66.6% with 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively. In PTZ model both the doses of EEATR delayed the onset of clonic phase and prevented death in 50% of animals in group treated with 500 mg/kg EEATR, similar to sodium valproate. Results were analyzed by ANOVA with p<0.05 considered as significant.Conclusion: EEATR has shown anticonvulsant activity in both MES and PTZ models. 500 mg/kg of EEATR has better protection than 250 mg/kg against seizure in MES model and equally efficacious as sodium valproate standard in PTZ model.

Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity of 3-(alkylamino, alkoxy)-1,3,4,5- Tetrahydro-2H-benzo [b] azepine-2-one Derivatives

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 448-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Huang ◽  
Tie Chen ◽  
Rong-Bi Han ◽  
Feng-Yu Piao
Keyword(s):  
1H Nmr ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
13C Nmr ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Test Compound ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Test ◽  
Mes Test ◽  
Structure Activity

Background & Objective: A series of novel 3-Substituted-1,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-2H-benzo [b] azepine-2-one Derivatives (4, 5, 7, 10, 12, 5a-j, 8a-e) were synthesized from 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1- naphthalenone. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MASS spectra and elemental analysis. Their anticonvulsant activity was evaluated by the maximal electroshock (MES) test, subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol (scPTZ) test, and their neurotoxicity was evaluated by the rotarod neurotoxicity test. Compound 4 showed the maximum anticonvulsant activity against the maximal electroshock test (ED50=26.4, PI =3.2) and against the subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol test (ED50=40.2, PI =2.1). Conclusion: Possible structure-activity relationship was discussed.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Anticonvulsant and Neurotoxicity Screening of Some Novel 2, 5-Disubstituted - 1, 3, 4 � Oxadiazole Derivatives

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Khatoon ◽  
M. Shaquiquzzaman ◽  
V. Singh ◽  
M. Sarafroz
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Neurological Deficit ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Rota Rod Test ◽  
Oxadiazole Derivatives ◽  
Ft Ir

A series of 2, 5-disubstituted - 1, 3, 4 oxadiazoles (4a-o) were synthesized on refluxing hydrazine carbothioamides with iodine and potassium iodide in ethanolic sodium hydroxide solution starting from methyl-3-amino-4-hydroxy benzoate via synthesis of an intermediate methyl-2-substitutedaryl-1, 3-benzoxazole-5-carboxylates and 2-substitutedaryl-1, 3-benzoxazole-5-carbohydrazides. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of spectral (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, MS) and elemental analysis. All these compounds were screened for anticonvulsant activity using Maximal Electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) method. Anticonvulsant activity was shown by majority of the synthesized compounds when given i.p. to mice. Among the tested compounds 4e, 4j and 4o were considered to have potent anticonvulsant activity comparable to that of standard drugs Phenytoin and Carbamazepine. Compounds 4e, 4g, 4h, 4i, 4k and 4m passed the rota rod test successfully without any sign of neurological deficit.

Design, Synthesis and Biological Activity of Some 4, 5-Disubstituted-2, 4- Dihydro-3H-1, 2, 4- Triazole-3-Thione Derivatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishan Kumar Verma ◽  
Umesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Jainendra Jain
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Gamma Amino Butyric Acid ◽  
Rotarod Test ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Amino Butyric Acid ◽  
Mes Test ◽  
Autodock 4.2

Background: In the present study, 4, 5-disubstituted triazol-3-thione derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for anticonvulsant activity along with neurotoxicity determination. Materials and Methods: The synthesized compounds were characterized using FTIR, 1H-NMR and MS. The anticonvulsant activity was assessed by Maximal Electroshock (MES) test and subcutaneous Pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) tests and neurotoxicity was assessed by rotarod test. Docking was also performed to study the interactions of compounds with LYS329 residue of gamma amino butyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-AT) using Autodock 4.2 software. Results: The compounds 7a and 9a with significant pharmacological activity were also found to interact with LYS329 residue of GABA-AT by H-bond with a docking score of -5.92 kcal/mol (Ki = 41.99 μM) and -5.87 kcal/mol (Ki = 49.83 μM) respectively. Conclusion: Most of the compounds were found to be active in MES test but only seven showed protection in scPTZ test.

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