scholarly journals Evaluation of Anticonvulsant Activity of Kochia Scoparia L. Schrad (Amaranthaceae) Volatile Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
R.O Imade ◽  
A.P. Uchendu ◽  
A.M. Akhigbemen ◽  
M. Abah
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Group I

Background: Epilepsy is one of the most common serious neurological disorders. Most antiepileptic or anticonvulsant drugs do not prevent or reverse the pathological process that underlies epilepsy, hence the continuous search for new therapeutic agents with minimal side effects and greater efficacy.Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine the acute toxicity profile and investigate the anticonvulsant activity of volatile oil of Kochia scoparia (Amaranthaceae ).Method: Volatile oil was extracted from fresh leaves of K. scoparia through hydrodistillation process, using a Clavenger-type apparatus. Acute toxicity testing was done using Lorke’s method. The anticonvulsant models used were pentylenetetrazol, strychnine and maximal electroshock. Albino mice were randomly divided into five groups (n=5). Group I (control group) was given 0.2 ml each of water orally while groups II, III and IV received 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg of the volatile oil. Group V received the standard drug solution; 30 mg/kg phenobarbitone for Maximal electroshock and 2 mg/kg diazepam for pentylenetetrazol and strychnine models. The onset of tonic leg extension, duration and protection from mortality were noted.Results: Sub acute toxicity test revealed that doses above 1000mg/kg of the volatile oil is toxic. Doses of 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg significantly (P<0.05) protected the mice against seizures with scores of 20, 20 and 40 % respectively in both Maximal electroshock and pentylenetetrazol induced convulsion models. No protection was offered in strychnine induced convulsion model; P > 0.05.Conclusion: The volatile oil of K. scoparia could be useful in the management of epilepsy.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF CALLISTEMON CITRINUS (CURTIS) SKEELS (MYRTACEAE) VOLATILE OIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
R. O. Imade ◽  
A. M. Akhigbemen ◽  
A. Uchendu ◽  
C. L. Onyeagoro
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Orthodox Medicine ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Model C ◽  
Dose Dependent

The use of medicinal plants is on the rise due to the increase of various diseases and shortcomings of orthodox medicine. For many ailments including convulsion, conventional medicine has not been able to find a lasting solution. This study was directed towards assessing the ethnomedicinal use of Callistemon citrinus leaves in the management of convulsion. The volatile oil of the leaves was extracted and an acute toxicity test was carried out following Lorke’s description. Maximal electroshock (MES), strychnine and pentylenetetrazol anticonvulsant methods were used. Separate groups of albino mice were given 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg doses of the volatile oil. Drug solutions; 30 mg/kg phenobarbitone for MES and 2 mg/kg diazepam for strychnine and pentylenetetrazol models were administered as a positive control. The start of tonic leg extension, duration and percentage mortality was recorded. Doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly (P<0.05) inhibited seizure in the mice with scores of 40 % each in the MES model. There was a dose-dependent reduction in the duration of seizures with 68.47, 70.27 and 81.08 % reductions in the pentylenetetrazol model. No significant coverage was given in the strychnine model. C. citrinus oil protected the mice against pentylenetetrazol and maximal electroshock-induced convulsion hence could contribute to the medical treatment of epilepsy.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Evaluation of Chrozophora tinctoria as Wound Healing Potential in Diabetic Rat’s Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harikesh Maurya ◽  
Monika Semwal ◽  
Susheel Kumar Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Elevated Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

Objective. The study was designed to evaluate pharmacological potential of hydroalcoholic leaves extract of Chrozophora tinctoria intended for wound healing in diabetic rats’ model. Methods. The method used to evaluate the pharmacological potential of hydroalcoholic leave extract was physical incision rat model. In this model, cutting of the skin and/or other tissues with a sharp blade has been made and the rapid disruption of tissue integrity with minimal collateral damage was observed shortly. Animals used in the study were divided into four groups that consist of six animals in each group. Group I serves as normal control, Group II serves as disease control, Group III was used as standard treatment (Povidone iodine 50 mg/kg b.w.), and Group IV was used for test drug (C. tinctoria 50 mg/kg b.w.). Result. The hydroalcoholic leave extract of Chrozophora tinctoria has been significantly observed to heal the wound (98%) in diabetic rats within 21 days, while standard drug (Povidone iodine) healed the wound about 95% in the same condition. The oral dose (50 mg/kg b.w.) of Chrozophora tinctoria was also found to improve the elevated blood glucose level in comparison to disease control group, which increased after the oral administration of Streptozotocin. Conclusion. The Chrozophora tinctoria has significant wound healing potential in the animal having physically damaged tissue in diabetic condition.

The Biocompatibility and Security of Magnetic Nanoparticles Fe3O4-DNR Used In Hematologic Malignancies Therapy

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 3970-3970
Author(s):  
Bao-An Chen ◽  
Wei-wei Wu ◽  
Jian Cheng ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles Fe3o4 ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Fe3o4 Mnps ◽  
Acute Toxicity Testing

Abstract Abstract 3970 The objective of this paper is to study the biocompatibility and security of self-prepared magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 (Fe3O4-MNPs) loaded with daunorubicin (DNR), which has the potential application in hematologic malignancies therapy. Hemolysis test was carried out to estimate it s blood toxicity; Fe3O4-MNPs loaded with DNR were intra peritoneally injected into mouse to calculate the LD50; micronucleus (MN) assay was reckoned to identify its genotoxicity; acute toxicity testing was evaluated its influence to mouse hepatic and renal functions. The result of hemolysis rate (HR) of Fe3O4-MNPs loaded with DNR was 2.908%, far less than 5%. Therefore, we concluded that self-prepated Fe3O4-MNPs loaded with DNR nanoparticles had no hemolytic reaction, and they consistent with the requirement of hemolytic test of biomaterials. The LD50 of Fe3O4-MNPs loaded with DNR nanoparticles to the mice was 1009.71mg/kg (relative content of DNR was 10mg/kg) and the 95% confidence interval was 769.11∼1262.40mg/kg, it had no significant difference compared with LD50 of using DNR only, which data was 8.51mg/kg and the 95% confidence interval was 6.48∼10.37mg/kg, and it had wide safety value circumscription. In micronucleus assay, compared Fe3O4-MNPs loaded with DNR nanoparticles experimental groups with negative control group, we found that the result had no significant difference (P > 0. 05) in micronucleus formation rate, while compared experimental groups with positive control group, the result had significant difference (P < 0. 05). The result indicated that Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles had no cacogenesis and mutagenesis. Acute toxicity testing showed that mice body weigh of control group, Fe3O4-MNPs loaded with DNR nanoparticles experimental group and isodose DNR group had no significant difference in 24h, 48h, and 72h after intra peritoneally injection; they had normal activity, eating and evacuation; toxic reactions such as instability of gait, convulsion, paralysis and respiratory depression were not been found; the alanine transarninase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine clearance rate (CCr) of Fe3O4-MNPs loaded with DNR nanoparticles experimental group was 66.0±28.55u/L, 9.06±1.05mmol/L, and 18.03±1.84umol/L, respectively, which had no significant difference compared with control group and isodose DNR group. From the results of our experiment, we could consider that self-prepared Fe3O4-MNPs loaded with DNR nanoparticles is a kind of high biocompatibility and security materials and perhaps is suitable for further application in hematologic malignancies therapy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antianxiety effect of cinnamaldehyde in swiss albino mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Ritesh Churihar ◽  
Sapna A. More ◽  
Pooja S. Mishra ◽  
Savita Vyas ◽  
Hemant Tanwani
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Anxiolytic Effect ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Anxiolytic Activity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Group I ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Per Se

Background: Cinnamon is one of the best known spices used as an herbal medicine. Cinnamaldehyde (CNM) the volatile oil, which was present in the essential oil of the bark, is the important constituents of cinnamon. Cinnamon has been investigated for its various effects like peptic ulcer protection, antioxidant property, inhibition of tau aggregation, anti-inflammatory activity, effect on cardiovascular system, anti-nociceptive activity, hepato-protective effects, hypolipidemic and antidiabetic activites. The present study was aimed to evaluate the anxiolytic effect of CNM per se and its interaction with diazepam in swiss albino mice.Methods: Anxiolytic activity was evaluated by elevated plus maze method. A group of 36 healthy mice of either sex weighing 20-30 grams were divided at random into six groups (n=6). CNM and diazepam were dissolved in tween twenty 20% to maintain uniformity of the solvent and given orally. Group I was given twenty 20% (10 ml/kg, p.o.), group II diazepam (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.), group III diazepam (1 mg/kg, p.o.), group IV cinnamaldehyde (100 mg/kg, p.o.), group V cinnamaldehyde (200 mg/kg, p.o.), group VI cinnamaldehyde and diazepam (100 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg, p.o.).Results: Cinnamaldehyde per se showed no anxiolytic effect at any dose (p<0.05). The standard drug diazepam has shown significant anxiolytic activity on elevated plus maze. Whereas combination of diazepam 0.5 mg/kg and cinnamaldehyde 100 mg/kg showed significant increase in the time spent in open arms as compared to all groups (p<0.05).Conclusions: CNM per se did not show any effect on anxiety but enhanced the action of diazepam when co-administered.

Pharmacological Evaluation of Anti-ulcer Activity of Caesalpinia crista in Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3772-3779
Author(s):  
Kintu Patel ◽  
Bhagyabhumi Patel ◽  
Alkesh Patel ◽  
Samir Shah
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Free Acidity ◽  
Rat Stomach ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

In present study, we evaluated the antiulcer activity of the herbal preparation of Caesalpinia crista in rat models.  Experimental animals were divided into four groups. Rats of group I (disease control) treated with normal saline only, group II (standard group) treated with Omeprazole (2 mg/ kg; p.o.), group III and IV served as test groups and were treated with Caesalpinia crista extract (CE) in the dose of 250 mg/ kg and 500 mg/ kg orally respectively. Peptic ulcer was induced by ligating the pyloric portion of rat stomach and was done 45 min after the respective treatment. After 4 hour of pylorus ligation, rats were sacrificed. Parameters like ulcer index, percent ulcer protection, total and free acidity were estimated for evaluation of anti-ulcer activity. Histopathological evaluation was also performed. The aqueous extract of Caesalpinia crista seeds reduced the volume of gastric juice, free acidity, total acidity and ulcer index. It increased the pH of the gastric acid. Histopathology of the rat stomach revealed the presence of lesions and infiltration of inflammatory cells in control group. Moreover, animals treated with test drug and standard drug did not reveal any microscopic lesions. These findings suggest that Caesalpinia crista seeds may have anti-secretory and anti-ulcer activity and may be helpful for ulcer therapy. 

Evaluation of anxiolytic and anticonvulsant potential of Mirabilis jalapa ethanolic extracts on standardized rat models

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 482-495
Author(s):  
M. Kumar ◽  
◽  
G. Thamotharan ◽  
P. Revathi ◽  
S. Shyji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Mirabilis Jalapa

Anxiety and Convulsion are the most prominent, crippled and cruel neurological diseases in recent times. There are many indigenous plants have beneficial properties to treat mental disease and psychic complaints. Evaluation of anxiolytic and anticonvulsant activity of leaf and root ethanolic extracts of mirabilis jalapa in rat models were carried out using standardized experimental methods. The dried leaves and root was macerated with ethanol separately and administered the discern dose of 200 mg/k g p.o. and 400mg/kg p.o. from each extract and employed in Elevated Plus Maze test (EPM) and Open field test (OFT) with 2mg/kg i.p of Diazepam as a standard drug to assess the anxiolytic activity. Maximal electroshock induced convulsion (MES) (Phenytoin-20mg/kg i.p as a standard drug) and Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced seizures analyzed where Diazepam (5mg/kg) i.p as a standard drug to assess the anticonvulsant activity. Substantial changes in all tested activities EPM, OFT in anxiety model and MES, PTZ in anticonvulsant model were observed. The results revealed that ethanol leaf extract (400 mg/kg p.o.) was more impetus due to the high amount of flavonoid, phenolic compounds, steroids, terpenoid contents possess tremendous anti-anxiety whereas the ethanol root extract (400 mg/kg p.o.) and ethanol leaf extract (400 mg/kg p.o.) produce significant anticonvulsant potential effect compared to the control and standard drug treatment group. This study suggested that the plant M. jalapa is a much more active compound consistent medicinal plant to derive a potent drug against anxiety and convulsion.

SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF SOME NOVEL BENZODIAZEPINE CONTAINING BENZOTHIAZEPINE/BENZOXAZEPINE DERIVATIVES AS POTENT ANTICONVULSANT AGENTS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (06) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Archana ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
1H Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Phenytoin Sodium ◽  
Synthesis And Biological Evaluation

A new series of 4-benzodiazepinyl-2-( substituted phenyl)-1,5-benzothiazepines (3a-3f) and 4-benzodiazepinyl-2-(substituted phenyl)-1,5-benzoxazepines (4a-4f) were synthesised and evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity. All these compounds were screened in vivo, for their anticonvulsant activity and acute toxicity. Compound 4-benzodiazepinyl-2-(p-methoxy phenyl)-1,5-benzothiazepine 4b, was found to be most potent compoundof this series, more potent than standard drug phenytoin sodium. The homogeneity of all the compounds was checked by TLC. The structures of these compounds have been established by elemental analysis, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy.

scholarly journals ANTIHEPATOTOXIC POTENTIALITY OF 2-3-6 TRIMETHYLOCT-6-ENAL AGAINST PARACETAMOL INDUCED LIVER DYSFUNCTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Suparna Datta ◽  
Manabendra Dutta Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Protective Activity ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Aspartate Amino Transferase

Objective: We investigated the liver protective activity of 2-3-6 trimethyloct-6-enal from the methanol extract of Pajanelia longifolia (Willd.) K. Schuman. The liver protective activity of 2,3,6 trimethyloct-6-enal was evaluated against paracetamol (2 mg/kg body weight per orally) induced liver toxicity in swiss albino mice.Methods: Considering the Spectral data (IR spectrum, 1HNMR spectrum and 13C NMR spectrum) the predictable structure of 2,3,6 trimethyloct-6-enal was elucidated. To study the liver protective activity of the compound, Swiss albino mice of either sex were divided into six groups and treated for 5 d. Group I and II served as normal and toxic control, Group III were treated with Silymarin as a standard drug (50 mg/kg), and Group IV to VI was treated with 2-3-6 trimethyloct-6-enal at the dose of 50 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg b.w. p. o. respectively. The liver protective activity of the compound was measured on biochemical parameters such as aspertate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB), triglycerides (TGL), total cholesterol (TC) and protein. Further antioxidant activity of the compound was also measured on antioxidant enzymatic and non-enzymatic levels such as reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)).Results: The study revealed that the compound has protective activity at the dose of 50, 150 and 250 mg/kg b.w. p. o. against paracetamol induced toxicity. In some biochemical parameters such as aspartate amino transferase and bilirubin, the compound has showed better result at a dose of 150 mg/kg compared to standard drug silymarin (value of aspartate amino transferase (compound) =71.10±0.12, (toxic) = 173.43±1.21, (silymarin) =79.86±0.02and total bilirubin (compound) = 1.04±0.11), (toxic) = 2.69±0.02, (silymarin) ==1.11±0.01. The findings were also confirmed by histopathological observations.Conclusion: 2,3,6 trimethyloct-6-enal from Pajanelia longifolia may be considered as a potent liver protective agent.

scholarly journals Antihyperglycemic effect and phytochemical investigation of Rubia cordifolia (Indian Madder) leaves extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 586-599
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shafiq Khan ◽  
Shahid Aziz ◽  
Muhammad Zakryya Khan ◽  
Zafar Mahmood Khalid ◽  
Muhammad Riaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Rubia Cordifolia ◽  
Group I

Abstract Medicinal plants are used as an important source of medicines in pharmaceutical industry. Rubia cordifolia is widely used to cure diabetes mellitus. Present study was aimed to investigate the antihyperglycemic effects of different fractions of R. cordifolia leaves and to analyze its antioxidant effect and phytochemical composition. Male albino mice were randomly distributed into seven groups (n = 7). Group-I was normal control, group-II was Alloxan (100 mg/kg)-induced diabetic control, and group-III was standard drug (Glibenclamide 0.5 mg/kg)-treated group. Animals in groups IV–VII were treated with n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, n-butanol fraction and aqueous fraction of R. cordifolia, orally administered (100 mg/kg) once daily up to 28 days after Alloxan induction, respectively. Methanolic extract (ME) and fractions of R. cordifilia were analyzed for antioxidant activity and quantification of total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. HPLC of ME and most active fractions were performed. The results showed that RCEF (G-V) and RCBF (G-VI) have significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the increased level of glucose as compared to toxicant control group. It was further revealed that EF and BF have higher antioxidant activity (having IC50 34.9, 36.86 (µg/mL)) owing to phenolic and flavonoid identified by HPLC.

scholarly journals To evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (drumstick leaves) in albino mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 2491
Author(s):  
Sushma V. Naidu ◽  
Harsha R. ◽  
Jyothsnya S.
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
P Value ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Albino Mice

Background: To evaluate the anti-convulsant activity of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (Drum stick leaves) in seizure induced albino mice and to compare it with standard drug Sodium valproate.Methods: Swiss albino mice of either sex weighing around 25-30g were randomly selected and divided into four groups of six mice each. Group 1: control- treated with gum acacia. Group 2: Standard - Valproic acid 40mg/kg body weight. Group 3: T1- ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (150mg/kg). Group 4: T2 - ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (300mg/kg). All drugs were administered orally one hour prior to induction of seizure. The anticonvulsant activity was screened using maximal electroshock seizure (MES) model and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) model.Results: Results were analysed by ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test. Abolition of Tonic hind limb extension was taken as the protective end point against MES induced seizures and prolongation of seizure latency in PTZ model.At both the doses the ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera significantly (p value <0.05) reduced the duration of hind limb extension in MES test and also significantly (p value <0.05) delayed the onset of clonic seizures in PTZ induced convulsion when compared with control group.Conclusions: On comparing the percentage protection offered by Moringa oleifera leaves against both MES and PTZ model, it possesses significant anticonvulsant activity at both doses, with more efficacy at 300mg/kg BW indicating that the test drug can prove a very promising drug for treatment of epilepsy. Further studies are required for isolation and identification of the active constituent.

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