Analysis of Existing Electrostatic Spraying Systems for UAV

The processing of agricultural crops using unmanned aerial vehicles is accompanied by the drift of the aerosol cloud under the influence of wind and the uneven density of droplet deposition on the surface of plants. We can improve the processing efficiency by implementing an electrostatic charging system for working fluid drops. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in preparing an analytical review of existing systems for electrostatic charging of working fluid droplets on unmanned aerial vehicles. (Materials and methods) Authors reviewed patents, scientific papers in the field of development, evaluation of the operation parameters and efficiency of the electrostatic spraying system of working fluid on unmanned aerial vehicles. The article gives criteria for the effectiveness of the electrostatic spraying system. (Results and discussion) Authors have described the main method of electrostatic charging of droplets, which has proven itself according to such criteria as safety, energy consumption and design simplicity. The article describes an electrostatic spraying system, the design and operating principle of which are the basis of modern systems for electric charging of working fluid drops installed on ground and aviation equipment. Authors found out the optimal flight altitude, which provides the highest density of working fluid drops on the treated surface. (Conclusions) The use of an electrostatic spraying system on unmanned aerial vehicles increases the density of droplets of sprayed liquid by 33 percent. The article shows that the use of nozzles with a fan-shaped spray torch reduces the distance of aerosol droplets drift in a crosswind by 1.5-2 times compared to nozzles with a cone-shaped spray torch. The electrostatic spraying system slightly increased the density of droplet deposition in the lower part of the plants (targets).

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Optimization of the factors affecting droplet deposition in rice fields by rotary unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)

Precision Agriculture ◽

10.1007/s11119-021-09818-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shuang Guo ◽

Jiyu Li ◽

Weixiang Yao ◽

Xiaodan Hu ◽

Xu Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Droplet Deposition ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Aerial Vehicles

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TO THE CALCULATION OF ACOUSTIC FIELD CHARACTERISTICS FOR QUADCOPTER PROPELLERS

Journal of Rocket-Space Technology ◽

10.15421/451907 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 42-51

Author(s):

Galina Ivanovna Sokol ◽

Valeriy Yevgenovich Nekrasov ◽

Vladislav Semenovich Zhmurko

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽

Acoustic Field ◽

Sound Pressure ◽

Sound Field ◽

Noise Distribution ◽

Aerial Vehicles ◽

Basic Law ◽

Analytical Review ◽

Scope Of Application

The work defines the area of use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) of the type of quadrocopter and calculated the acoustic field of propellers in order to reduce the level of noise at some distance. The main sources of noise, which are the hubs of the quadrocopter, are considered. The first samples of UAVs appeared in the middle of the last century as a separate type of promising weapons, but now quadrocopter,began to be actively used in the civilian sphere. The theory of the sound field of the aircraft's air propeller, which was proposed by L. Gutin to simulate the noise from each of the chochire screws of the quadrocopter, was carried out. A mathematical model has been created for calculating the total acoustic field all the of quadrocopter screws. The analysis and the defined area of use of UAVs of type quadrocopter and the calculation of acoustic field of screws is given in order to reduce the noise level at some distance. The authors conducted an analytical review of the existing models of UAVs and quadrocopters, considered general examples of use of quadrocopters, their purpose and scope of application. On the basis of analytical review of constructions the fundamental scheme of quadrocopter for researches is given. The article is driven by the principal scheme of the chosen quadrocopter with the description of its main nodes. Based on the results of calculations, the noise distribution schedules of different frequencies in the space are constructed. The results from sound pressure levels for each of the five harmonics. Description of direction of acoustic fields on separate frequencies each of harmonics is constructed using the Besselyu function. Mathematical calculations have been performed in MathCad 2015. There are two forces on each screw element: thrust and resistance of the rotary motion. From the Basic Law of mechanics it follows that this element, in its turn, influences the environment with equal magnitude and opposable directed forces.

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Using a Thermal Channel (LWIR) to Assess Crop Conditions and Predict Crop Yields

Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK ◽

10.22314/2658-4859-2020-67-3-87-94 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 87-94

Author(s):

Rashid K. Kurbanov ◽

Natalya I. Zakharova ◽

Ol’ga M. Gayduk

Keyword(s):

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽

Thermal Imaging ◽

Vegetation Cover ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Crop Yields ◽

The State ◽

Research Purpose ◽

Irrigation Systems ◽

Aerial Vehicles ◽

Thermal Cameras

In precision agriculture, thermal remote sensing is considered a promising tool that estimates the surface temperature of vegetation and uses satellite thermal imaging cameras or thermal cameras on unmanned aerial vehicles. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in reviewing of thermal cameras for unmanned aerial vehicles and the use of a heat channel (LWIR) to study the state of crops when monitoring using unmanned aerial vehicles. (Materials and methods) We used scientific literature, materials of domestic and foreign authors, and websites of manufacturers of thermal imaging cameras for unmanned aerial vehicles. (Results and discussion) A modern drone with a thermal imaging camera serves as a platform solution for monitoring agricultural fields. Thermal infrared sensors capture information about the temperature of objects warmer than absolute zero (-273 degrees Celsius/-459 degrees Fahrenheit) at certain wavelengths (the LWIR and MWIR ranges) in an amount proportional to their temperature and generate images that display this temperature. The process of collecting and processing thermal data consists of several stages and varies depending on the suspension equipment and the purpose of the survey. Foreign scientists used thermal images obtained using unmanned aerial vehicles and a thermal camera to assess the state of vegetation cover, crop yields, irrigation systems, to measure water stress, determine the maturity phase of row crops and fruit tree productivity. (Conclusions) The heat channel can be used in the formation of decisions for assessing vegetation cover, crop moisture availability, when planning irrigation systems, determining diseases and infected crops, crop readiness for harvesting and yield mapping.

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Effect of Aviation Spray Adjuvants on Defoliant Droplet Deposition and Cotton Defoliation Efficacy Sprayed by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9050217 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 217 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Qinggang Xiao ◽

Fang Xin ◽

Zhaoxia Lou ◽

Tingting Zhou ◽

Guobin Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽

Vegetable Oil ◽

Impurity Content ◽

Coverage Rate ◽

Droplet Deposition ◽

Aerial Vehicles ◽

Aerial Vehicle ◽

Spray Adjuvants

Defoliant spraying is an important aspect of mechanized cotton harvesting. Fully and uniformly spraying defoliant could improve the quality of defoliation and reduce the impurity content in cotton. Improving the coverage of defoliant droplets in the middle and lower layers of cotton and ensuring the full and even dispersion of droplets in the cotton canopy are essentially in increasing the defoliation effect. In this study, we assessed the effect of aviation spray adjuvants on droplet deposition, defoliation, boll opening and defoliant retention in cotton leaves sprayed by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The results showed that adding aviation spray adjuvants could significantly improve the defoliant droplet deposition. Fifteen days after spraying, the defoliation rate was 80.31% and the boll opening was 90.61%. The defoliation rate increased by 3.12–34.62% and the boll opening rate increased by 6.67–29.56% after the addition of aviation spray adjuvants. Using a vegetable oil adjuvant could significantly increase the droplet coverage rate and the retention of defoliants in cotton leaves.

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Development of thickened semi-synthetic engine oil M-5z / 20 AERO for four-stroke gasoline engines aircraft piston of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)

World of OIL Products the Oil Companies Bulletin ◽

10.32758/2071-5951-2020-0-6-44-47 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 06 ◽

pp. 44-47

Author(s):

A.A. Moykin ◽

◽

A.S. Medzhibovsky ◽

S.A. Kriushin ◽

M.V. Seleznev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽

Engine Oil ◽

Motor Oil ◽

Gasoline Engines ◽

State Research Institute ◽

Technical Requirements ◽

Aerial Vehicles ◽

State Research ◽

Industrial Batch ◽

The Russian Federation

Nowadays, the creation of remotely-piloted aerial vehicles for various purposes is regarded as one of the most relevant and promising trends of aircraft development. FAU "25 State Research Institute of Chemmotology of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation" have studied the operation features of aircraft piston engines and developed technical requirements for motor oil for piston four-stroke UAV engines, as well as a new engine oil M-5z/20 AERO in cooperation with NPP KVALITET, LLC. Based on the complex of qualification tests, the stated operational properties of the experimental-industrial batch of M-5z/20 AERO oil are generally confirmed.

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