scholarly journals Reflection on the collectivization of science through research groups

2009 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. C04 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigida Blasi ◽  
Sandra Romagnosi
Keyword(s):  
Research Team ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Cultural Dynamics ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Academic Policy ◽  
Narrow Space ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

Twenty five years after the introduction of the concept of “collectivization of science” by Ziman, the importance of the research team continues to suffer of a narrow space, both in scientific literature and in the definition of academic policy. The debate ranges from a macro level, represented by changes in scientific and technological research to micro-analyses on the figure of the individual researcher. Nevertheless the scientific processes are affected by the increasingly multidisciplinary nature and the plurality of actors involved, as well as the social and cultural dynamics, often overlooked if not ignored. Our contribution aims to emphasize the importance of the research groups as the elementary unit of analysis in the definition of policies and for a better governance of universities.

scholarly journals Study of Sociality as a Personal Characteristic of a Leader: Construction of a Questionnaire and its Validation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-89
Author(s):  
T.I. Bogacheva
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Personal Characteristic ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

The article discusses theoretical approaches to understanding sociality as a personal characteristic. The author’s definition of the concept of “sociability” is proposed, which is understood as a personality property that characterizes the degree of its involvement in the social microenvironment, due to the psychoemotional stability of the individual and manifested in his adaptive and perceptual-interactive skills. The author’s psychodiagnostic technique for measuring sociality as a personal characteristic is presented. A distinctive feature of this technique lies in the simplicity of the diagnostic procedure, in the ability to identify not only the current level of development of sociality, but also to determine the features of its structure in the subject. The article describes the main psychometric characteristics of the technique: constructive and convergent validity, discriminativeness, reliability, representativeness. In order to determine the convergent validity, a correlation was established between the scales of the author’s methodology and the methodology for diagnosing perceptual-interactive competence, as well as the VSC questionnaire («self-control» scale). The proposed author’s psychodiagnostic tools can be used to solve academic and applied problems in the field of personality psychology, developmental psychology, educational psychology, leadership psychology, organizational psychology and other areas of psychological science to determine the current level of development of sociality of the researcher at the age of 14 to 25 years.

scholarly journals Well-being, capabilities and philosophical practice

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-120
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Bulatovic
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Philosophical Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Unique Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Assess Quality

The concept of well being has become the main criterion to assess quality of life in contemporary society. Individual well-being describes the individual quality of life, while social well-being refers to quality of life in a society. Given that well-being has a multitude of dimensions, a unique definition of it is elusive to scholars. In this article social well-being is conceptualised as a dynamic process within the context set by social integration as one?s relationship to society and the community. This includes the quality of interaction between the individual and society and one?s ?social actualisation? understood as the realisation of one?s social capacities. Social actualisation also involves one?s ability to influence social processes and to benefit from social cohesion, which consists, in any society, of the quality, organisation and functioning of the social world. Hence the ability to impact society is an integral part of individual well being. This paper suggests that philosophical practice as a new paradigm in the humanities holds out promise for the improvement of both individual and social well-being.

scholarly journals Approach towards classification of the types of legal responsibility

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Konstantin Evgenevich Shilekhin
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Close Link ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Tax Fraud ◽  
Definition Of

The subject of this research is the social relations in the context of bringing to legal responsibility, as well as normative legal acts and scientific literature that reflect such relations. The problem of classification of the types of legal responsibility is relevant in the context of substantiation of the autonomy of its individual types. The attempts to substantiate the autonomy of one or another type of legal responsibility entail the revision of the grounds for classification. The goal of this article consists in revealing the natural grounds for definition of the concept of “legal responsibility” to build consistent and exhaustive classification. The main conclusion lies in determination of the criterion for classification of the types of legal responsibility. Emphasis is placed on the social relations underlying the legal relations, namely legal relations in the area of bringing to legal responsibility. On the example of responsibility for committing tax fraud, the article demonstrates the failure of attempts to find qualification criteria on the basis of the normative legal acts outside the entirety of social relations. The article determines the close link between social relations in the economic sphere, as well as their impact upon legal relations emerging in the context of bringing to legal responsibility as a whole and administrative responsibility in particular.

Impartiality and the Definition of Corruption

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Alan Sparling
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Political Corruption ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Essential Questions ◽  
Social Scientific Research ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Exact Definition

The study of political corruption has been beset by disagreements concerning the exact definition of the term. One definition that has grown increasingly popular in the social-scientific literature in recent years is that proposed by Oskar Kurer and developed by Bo Rothstein: political corruption should be understood as a breach of the norm of impartiality. This article argues that while this definition has intuitive plausibility and while its relative parsimony makes it attractive for cross-cultural social-scientific research, it suffers from a number of the ills attending all attempts to depoliticize inherently political concepts. Not only is the definition insufficient to capture numerous instances of the abuse of the public office for private gain, but it is dangerous insofar as it papers over fundamental disagreements about the nature of the good regime. To insist upon this parsimonious definition of corruption is to foreclose a number of essential questions of political philosophy.

L. Levels of Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 155-158
Author(s):  
Mauro Caprioli ◽  
Claire Dupuy
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Citizens Attitudes ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Level Of Analysis

This chapter studies levels of analysis. Research in the social sciences may be interested in subjects located at different levels of analysis. The level of analysis indicates the position at which social and political phenomena are analysed within a gradual order of abstraction or aggregation that is constructed analytically. Its definition and boundaries vary across social science disciplines. In general, the micro level refers to the individual level and focuses on citizens’ attitudes or politicians’ and diplomats’ behaviour. Analyses at the meso level focus on groups and organizations, like political parties, social movements, and public administrations. The macro level corresponds to structures that are national, social, economic, cultural, or institutional — for example, countries and national or supranational political regimes. The explanandum (what research aims to account for), the explanans (the explanations), the unit of analysis, and data collection can be located at different levels. The chapter then considers two main errors commonly associated with aggregation and levels of analysis: ecological and atomistic fallacies.

Image of social and religious security in the region of the Russian-Chinese border in foreign scientific literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
N. Romanova ◽  
◽  
S. Kononov ◽  
А. Zhukov ◽  
А. Zhukova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Regional Trends ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Regional Community ◽  
Definition Of

The aim of the study is to resolve the contradiction between understanding the social security of regions as security within the framework of a single Russian social space, and understanding it as an indicator of the autonomy of regions. The study uses a modeling method that makes it possible to synthesize the provisions on the social security of Russian regions within the framework of the concepts of their “unity” and “regionality”. The result of the conducted research is the formation of a dynamic model of social security of Russian regions, within the framework of which the process of continuous construction of normative and value concepts, instilled in the regional community through the surrounding society’s influence, as well as social agreements aimed at achieving conjunction within the social space of Russian regions, is taking place. The second result is the definition of the social security of Russian regions as a process in which, depending on the situational influence of objective and subjective factors, either centrifugal or regional trends prevail. The third result is the statement that, for a long time, despite the significant difference in the civilizational nature of the regions, the Russian social space remains intact, which indicates the prevalence of unifying tendencies and the lack of desire in Russian regions to leave the all-Russian social space

CHILD’S MUSICAL ENVIRONMENT FROM BIRTH TO 1,5 YEARS IN SOCIAL CARE INSTITUTIONS

2016 ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Sandija Kusnere
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Development ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Care Institution ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Lessons ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Motivation To Participate ◽  
And Control

Object of the paper – explore the musical environment of creating the importance of a child’s development up to the 1,5-year the social care institution. The paper was used for the theoretical metod – analysis of scientific literature and empirical research method – pedagogical observations of the individual and group lessons. The role is theoretically and practically explored and described in the musical environment of the social care institution for the children up to 1,5 years.The author main conclusions of the study: 1. A musical environment that is dominated by the positive emotional experiences, contributes to the child’s emotional development and self-motivation to participate, as a result, creates a child self-fulfillment option. 2. Children up to 1,5 years have joy of playing materials and musical instruments, they can take part in and control them independently, revealing himself more and more opportunities. 3. By interaction with toys and musical instruments children get to know not only the functionality, but they also learn how to build relationships with the surroundings, acquire certain environment and play choices, and provide support for children’s play in action. 

scholarly journals The Pitfalls and Promise of Focus Groups as a Data Collection Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Cyr
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Unit Of Analysis ◽  
Individual Unit ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

Despite their long trajectory in the social sciences, few systematic works analyze how often and for what purposes focus groups appear in published works. This study fills this gap by undertaking a meta-analysis of focus group use over the last 10 years. It makes several contributions to our understanding of when and why focus groups are used in the social sciences. First, the study explains that focus groups generate data at three units of analysis, namely, the individual, the group, and the interaction. Although most researchers rely upon the individual unit of analysis, the method’s comparative advantage lies in the group and interactive units. Second, it reveals strong affinities between each unit of analysis and the primary motivation for using focus groups as a data collection method. The individual unit of analysis is appropriate for triangulation; the group unit is appropriate as a pretest; and the interactive unit is appropriate for exploration. Finally, it offers a set of guidelines that researchers should adopt when presenting focus groups as part of their research design. Researchers should, first, state the main purpose of the focus group in a research design; second, identify the primary unit of analysis exploited; and finally, list the questions used to collect data in the focus group.

Imagery in Karel Čapek's Hordubal

PMLA ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 616-620
Author(s):  
William E. Harkins
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
The Social ◽  
Philosophical Novel ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

Karel Čapek's novel Hordubal is the first part of a trilogy which embodies a definition of human individuality and of the relation of the individual to the social order. As René Wellek has observed, the trilogy “centers around problems of truth and reality and constitutes one of the most successful attempts at a philosophical novel in any language.”

scholarly journals SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL AND COMMUNICATIVE NATURE OF LAW IN THE SYSTEM OF DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATIVE LEGAL CULTURE OF YOUTH

PRIMO ASPECTU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Oksana O. AYVAZYAN
Keyword(s):  
Social Institutions ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Communicative Interaction ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Legal Communication ◽  
Legal Competence ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

The article is devoted to the analysis of the socio-communicative nature of law as a factor in the development of the communicative-legal culture of youth. An analysis of the theories of scientists considering law and communication as social institutions is presented, which directly affects the formation of a communicative-legal culture of both the individual and society as a whole. The paper notes a common understanding of the social and communicative conditionality of law. This is confirmed by the fact that social norms arise in society in the process of people’s communicative interaction, and are treated by many scientists as truly legal, which regulate the external manifestations of the human will. Such norms derive from the needs of each person and society as a whole, and this indicates that they are prioritized by legislatively established norms that serve only for their implementation. At the same time, taking such a definition of law as a basis, in the context of this study, the importance of the fact that the effectiveness of the formation of legal norms in society through communicative interaction depends on the accuracy and correctness of the application of the principles of legal communication, indicating the level of communication and legal culture of each individual and society in whole. The article also describes the author’s sociological survey and its results, which note the presence of socio-communicative conditionality of law, an insufficient level of knowledge and skills of the basics of law and communication, which indicates that the communicative and legal competence of young people is not fully formed. The conclusion resumes are drawn on the importance of the communicative and legal culture of both the individual and society as a whole.

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