scholarly journals Study of Sociality as a Personal Characteristic of a Leader: Construction of a Questionnaire and its Validation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-89
Author(s):  
T.I. Bogacheva
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Personal Characteristic ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

The article discusses theoretical approaches to understanding sociality as a personal characteristic. The author’s definition of the concept of “sociability” is proposed, which is understood as a personality property that characterizes the degree of its involvement in the social microenvironment, due to the psychoemotional stability of the individual and manifested in his adaptive and perceptual-interactive skills. The author’s psychodiagnostic technique for measuring sociality as a personal characteristic is presented. A distinctive feature of this technique lies in the simplicity of the diagnostic procedure, in the ability to identify not only the current level of development of sociality, but also to determine the features of its structure in the subject. The article describes the main psychometric characteristics of the technique: constructive and convergent validity, discriminativeness, reliability, representativeness. In order to determine the convergent validity, a correlation was established between the scales of the author’s methodology and the methodology for diagnosing perceptual-interactive competence, as well as the VSC questionnaire («self-control» scale). The proposed author’s psychodiagnostic tools can be used to solve academic and applied problems in the field of personality psychology, developmental psychology, educational psychology, leadership psychology, organizational psychology and other areas of psychological science to determine the current level of development of sociality of the researcher at the age of 14 to 25 years.

scholarly journals Inhibition Tasks are not Associated with a Variety of Behaviours in College Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis D. Gunten ◽  
Bruce D. Bartholow ◽  
Jorge S. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Control Processes ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
The Individual

Executive functions are (EF) top–down control processes involved in regulating thoughts, ignoring distractions, and inhibiting impulses. It is widely believed that these processes are critical to self–control and, therefore, that performance on behavioural task measures of EF should be associated with individual differences in everyday life outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to test this assumption, focusing on the core executive function facet of inhibition. A sample of 463 undergraduates completed five laboratory inhibition tasks, along with three self–report measures of self–control and 28 self–report measures of life outcomes. Results showed that although most of the life outcome measures were associated with self–reported self–control, only one of the outcomes was associated with inhibition task performance at the latent–variable level, and this association was in the unexpected direction. Furthermore, few associations were found at the individual task level. These findings challenge the criterion validity of lab–based inhibition tasks. More generally, when considered alongside the known lack of convergent validity between inhibition tasks and self–report measures of self–control, the findings cast doubt on the task's construct validity as measures of self–control processes. Potential methodological and theoretical reasons for the poor performance of laboratory–based inhibition tasks are discussed. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology

МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ІНТЕЛЕКТУ ДІТЕЙ МОЛОДШОГО ШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Марина Орап
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Intelligence ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Verbal Response ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Interpersonal Situations

У  статті  висвітлено  методологічні  та  практичні  засади  вивчення  онтогенезу  соціального  інтелекту. Складність вивчення даного соціально-психологічного феномену пов’язана із дотичністю його  до багатьох явищ, які описують умови успішності соціальної взаємодії особистості. Проаналізовано наявні  теоретичні   підходи   до   визначення   змісту   та   структури  соціального  інтелекту,   до   взаємозв’язку  останнього  з  іншими  видами  інтелекту.  Визначено,  що  дослідження  соціального  інтелекту  молодших  школярів слід здійснювати на основі розуміння останнього як здатності, що виникає на базі комплексу  інтелектуальних,   особистісних,   комунікативних   і   поведінкових   рис,   що   зумовлюють   прогнозування  розвитку  міжособистісних  ситуацій,  інтерпретацію  інформації  і  поведінки,  готовність  до  соціальної  взаємодії і прийняття рішень. Здійснене пілотажне емпіричне дослідження прогностичних можливостей  дітей  молодшого  шкільного  віку  продемонструвало  наявні  позитивні  кореляційні  зв’язки  між  рівнем  розвитку здатності до передбачення найбільш адекватного сценарію розвитку подій у соціальній ситуації  та рівнем розвитку мовленнєвого досвіду. Найбільш тісний взаємозв’язок виявлено між рівнем розвитку  здатності  передбачати  адекватну  вербальну  відповідь  у  ситуації  комунікації  та  рівнем  розвитку  мовленнєвої компетентності та мовленнєвої діяльності дітей молодшого шкільного віку. Таким чином,  були зроблені попередні висновки про наявність взаємозв’язку між мовленнєвим досвідом та прогностичним  можливостями у складі соціального інтелекту дитини молодшого шкільного віку The  article  outlines  the  methodological  and  practical  principles  of  studying  the  ontogenesis  of  social  intelligence. The complexity of studying this socio-psychological phenomenon is associated with its attractiveness to  many  phenomena  that  describe  the  conditions  for  the  successful  social  interaction.  The  existing  theoretical  approaches to the definition of the content and structure of social intelligence, to the interrelationship of it with  other types of intelligence are analyzed. It is determined that research of social intelligence of junior pupils should  be carried out on the basis of the understanding of this kind of intelligencer as an ability that based on a complex of  intellectual, personal, communicative and behavioral features. This complex predetermines the forecasting of the  development  of  interpersonal  situations,  the  interpretation  of  information  and  behavior,  readiness  for  social  interaction  and  decision-making.  The  research  of  the  prognostic  possibilities  of  primary  school  children  demonstrated the positive correlation between the level of development of the ability to predict the most adequate  scenario of the development of events in the social situation and the level of development of speech experience. The  closest relationship is found between the level of development of the ability to provide an adequate verbal response  in the context of communication and the level of development of speech competence and speech activity of children  of junior school age. Thus, was done a conclusion about the existence of a relationship between speech experience  and prognostic possibilities in the social intellect of a child of junior school age.   

Inhibition tasks are not associated with self-regulation outcomes in healthy college students

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis David Von Gunten ◽  
Bruce D Bartholow ◽  
Jorge S. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Variable Level ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
The Individual

Executive functioning (EF) is defined as a set of top-down processes used in reasoning, forming goals, planning, concentrating, and inhibition. It is widely believed that these processes are critical to self-regulation and, therefore, that performance on behavioral task measures of EF should be associated with individual differences in everyday life outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to test this core assumption, focusing on the EF facet of inhibition. A sample of 463 undergraduates completed five laboratory inhibition tasks, along with three self-report measures of self-control and 28 self-report measures of life outcomes. Results showed that although most of the life outcome measures were associated with self-reported self-control, none of the life outcomes were associated with inhibition task performance at the latent-variable level, and few associations were found at the individual task level. These findings challenge the criterion validity of lab-based inhibition tasks. More generally, when considered alongside the known lack of convergent validity between inhibition tasks and self-report measures of self-control, the findings cast doubt on the task’s construct validity as measures of self-control processes. Potential methodological and theoretical reasons for the poor performance of laboratory-based inhibition tasks are discussed.

Mobbing in the in learning space: Causes and Preventive Measures

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
M.S. Velychko
Keyword(s):  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Learning Space ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Significant Characteristic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

The articlereveals psychological causes and preventive measures of the emergence mobbing in the educational environment. Phenomenon of the mobbing as a form of psychological violence in relations between the group and the individual.The article reveals the phenomenon of the mobbing as a form of psychological violence in relations between the group and the individual. Theoretical approaches to the definition of the phenomenon of mobbing and its forms. Psychological causes and legal aspects and preventive measures of mobbing in the educational environment. Mobbing and described it as «psychological terror», which includes the systematic recurrence of hostile and unethical behavior of one or more people, directed against another person. According to experts, the most significant characteristic of the phenomenon of mobbing is that it is determined onlywhen there are multiple, but systematic, regular repetitions in behavior and attitude.

Introduction to the Special Issue on ‘Charisma’

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
Maren Freudenberg ◽  
Tim Weitzel
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Social ◽  
Conceptual Debate ◽  
The Individual

The introduction to the special issue on ‘charisma’ offers a very brief overview of the development of the concept in the social sciences and various critiques and intersecting debates. It casts a close look at Max Weber’s sometimes contradictory use of the concept and the different ways he conceptualized it in his sociology of religion and his sociology of domination. It then examines alternative theoretical approaches to ‘charisma’ that emerge in the course of the twentieth century before outlining this special issue’s contribution to the conceptual debate and the individual articles’ operationalization of the term by viewing charisma as relational, communicative, procedural, as well as related to ideas, practices, and objects.

scholarly journals Well-being, capabilities and philosophical practice

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-120
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Bulatovic
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Philosophical Practice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Unique Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Assess Quality

The concept of well being has become the main criterion to assess quality of life in contemporary society. Individual well-being describes the individual quality of life, while social well-being refers to quality of life in a society. Given that well-being has a multitude of dimensions, a unique definition of it is elusive to scholars. In this article social well-being is conceptualised as a dynamic process within the context set by social integration as one?s relationship to society and the community. This includes the quality of interaction between the individual and society and one?s ?social actualisation? understood as the realisation of one?s social capacities. Social actualisation also involves one?s ability to influence social processes and to benefit from social cohesion, which consists, in any society, of the quality, organisation and functioning of the social world. Hence the ability to impact society is an integral part of individual well being. This paper suggests that philosophical practice as a new paradigm in the humanities holds out promise for the improvement of both individual and social well-being.

Talent quotient: development and validation of a measurement scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-323
Author(s):  
J.A. Yogalakshmi ◽  
M.V. Supriya
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Precise Definition ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Development And Validation

PurposeThe aim of the current study was to develop and validate a measure for identifying talent in the workplace. This is a gap long identified by researchers in this field.Design/methodology/approachHinkins methodology was adopted for the establishment of a psychometrically sound measure. A 16-item scale for assessing the construct was developed. The reliability and validity were established by analyzing content adequacy, convergent validity, divergent validity and external validity. Primary data were collected from employees signaled as talent by their organization.FindingsThe study yielded a six-factor structure scale for the construct. These factors accounted for 66.8 percent of observed variance. All six dimensions, namely, calling orientation, critical insight, continuous learning, collaboration, cohesiveness and challenge drive established acceptable reliability and validity.Social implicationsThe research provides a precise definition of the talent construct. Identification and retention of individuals with a high talent quotient is a critical challenge to organizations. Identifying talent is made possible through this measurement scale.Originality/valueThis research made an attempt to develop a reliable and valid measurement scale for the talent construct. The scale provides a precise definition of the talent construct. This simple sound scale could be useful at both the individual and organizational levels. It helps individuals to identify and focus on critical areas for achieving talent status. Organizations benefit through better human resource management practice. Identification and retention of talent are essential to career management. Overall, it also satisfies the urgent need in talent management research for a clear definition of the talent construct.

Imagery in Karel Čapek's Hordubal

PMLA ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 616-620
Author(s):  
William E. Harkins
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
The Social ◽  
Philosophical Novel ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

Karel Čapek's novel Hordubal is the first part of a trilogy which embodies a definition of human individuality and of the relation of the individual to the social order. As René Wellek has observed, the trilogy “centers around problems of truth and reality and constitutes one of the most successful attempts at a philosophical novel in any language.”

scholarly journals Conception of freedom in ancient world

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Nikiforova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Human Right ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time

The aim of the study is to research the correspondence and difference of ancient Greek authors FREEDOM conception. The subject of the article is the investigation of freedom category interpretation by ancient Greek writers. The object of the study is the works of ancient Greek writers, poets, philosophers, concerned with major issues of freedom conception. The academic novelty of the investigation is as follows: the most significant definitions of FREEDOM by ancient Greek authors were researched and recapped. It was examined that humans’ freedom and their cognitive activity are the significant issues of the conception determination of freedom. The term FREEDOM is different for every person that is why we cannot insist categorically that one idea is right and the other is wrong. In this case the idea of freedom disappears. Some philosophers consider that initially no Greek word ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΙΑ, no Latin LIBERTAS didn’t have philosophical meanings. Ancient Greeks believed that destiny, fate, necessity run humans. The idea of Freedom emerged in Ancient Greece. The ancient Greeks were first, who began to consider the issue of freedom both in the political and philosophic senses of the word. They tried to create the first state institutions defended human freedom. This concept had a lot of meanings in ancient times: the domination of intellect over emotions, conscience control, responsibility for actions, independency, and privilege for life, right to manipulate slaves. The idea of “being free” appeared much earlier than the conception of “freedom”. According to Homer to be free for person means to have an opportunity to live on your dear land. Particularly in Homer’s poems we are able to find the generation of the human right choice idea. Herodotus was the first scientist who formed the social meaning of the word FREEDOM. The definition of FREEDOM as philosophical term was used by sophists for the first time ever. According to Socrates FREEDOM is a self-control, physical instincts control. Plato in his turn considers that humans have a right of choice, but their freedom is not absolute. The analysis of the philosophical views and approaches concerning freedom conception in antiquity is conducted to prove that that freedom was the most significant value of ancient world. Ancient philosophers emphasized the polis freedom, internal and external freedom (stoics), freedom as self-control (Socrates), freedom as material independency (Plato), freedom as permissiveness (cynics), freedom as capacity for good. Ancient Greek and Modern Greek lexicographical sources show both analogies and differences of language objectification of FREEDOM conception. We consider appropriate to analyze these analogies and differences of various discourse’s types as the further prospective of this theme investigation.

scholarly journals SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL AND COMMUNICATIVE NATURE OF LAW IN THE SYSTEM OF DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATIVE LEGAL CULTURE OF YOUTH

PRIMO ASPECTU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Oksana O. AYVAZYAN
Keyword(s):  
Social Institutions ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Communicative Interaction ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Legal Communication ◽  
Legal Competence ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

The article is devoted to the analysis of the socio-communicative nature of law as a factor in the development of the communicative-legal culture of youth. An analysis of the theories of scientists considering law and communication as social institutions is presented, which directly affects the formation of a communicative-legal culture of both the individual and society as a whole. The paper notes a common understanding of the social and communicative conditionality of law. This is confirmed by the fact that social norms arise in society in the process of people’s communicative interaction, and are treated by many scientists as truly legal, which regulate the external manifestations of the human will. Such norms derive from the needs of each person and society as a whole, and this indicates that they are prioritized by legislatively established norms that serve only for their implementation. At the same time, taking such a definition of law as a basis, in the context of this study, the importance of the fact that the effectiveness of the formation of legal norms in society through communicative interaction depends on the accuracy and correctness of the application of the principles of legal communication, indicating the level of communication and legal culture of each individual and society in whole. The article also describes the author’s sociological survey and its results, which note the presence of socio-communicative conditionality of law, an insufficient level of knowledge and skills of the basics of law and communication, which indicates that the communicative and legal competence of young people is not fully formed. The conclusion resumes are drawn on the importance of the communicative and legal culture of both the individual and society as a whole.

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