scholarly journals Functional changes in neural networks of the brain in patients with spastic diplegia after translingual neurostimulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
D. S. Chegina ◽  
T. S. Ignatova ◽  
A. Yu. Efimtsev ◽  
A. S. Lepekhina ◽  
A. G. Levchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Functional Mri ◽  
Spastic Diplegia ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Clinical Changes ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Introduction. Rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy is one of the most difficult tasks in modern neurology. One of the promising areas is the combination of physiotherapy with methods of stimulation of various parts of the nervous system, among which functional electrical stimulation of muscles and nerves (FES) is distinguished.Purpose of research. Assessment of changes in the functional connectivity of neural networks in the brain in patients with cerebral palsy before and after translingual neurostimulation using functional MRI at rest.Materials and methods. Analyzed the results of changes in the functional connectivity of neural networks in the brain in 25 patients with cerebral palsy before and after translingual neurostimulation. A clinical examination was carried out with an assessment of complaints, anamnesis and an assessment on neurological scales, followed by standard and functional MRI of the brain at rest.Summary. In children with spastic diplegia, functional changes in neural networks with a predominance of processes of strengthening intra- and interhemispheric connections (p<0,05) were revealed, which correlates with clinical changes in the form of a decrease in spasticity and an improvement in motor skills.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF GAIT FUNCTION CORRECTION AT PATIENTSWITH CEREBRAL PALSY IN THE FORM OF SPASTIC DIPLEGIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
V V Eliseev ◽  
T V Kulishova
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Spastic Diplegia ◽  
Programmed Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gait Function ◽  
Stimulation Of

Under our observation were 71 patients with a spastic diplegia in the age of 3-16 years. Patients are parted on 2 groups. The first group have made 38 children received a treatment complex with application of a functional programmed electrical stimulation on apparatus «ACorD», the second - 33 children received a complex of treatment with application of an electrostimulator «Miorithm-040». Electrical stimulations in both groups of patients were exposed the weakened muscles of legs and a back. Both groups of patients received paraffinic applications, manual massage, a specialized complex of medical physical training, employment in a corrective suit «Adeli». Before and after a complex of procedures function of walking by a technique of research children's orthopedic institute was investigated. At observable patients after application of a rehabilitational complex with including various kinds of a muscle electrical stimulation improvement of gait parameters is noted. Authentically best results are received at application of a rehabilitational complex with including a functional programmed electrical stimulation of muscles.

scholarly journals Structural reorganization of the white matter pathways of the brain in patients with spastic diplegia after translingual neurostimulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
K. S. Anpilogova ◽  
D. S. Chegina ◽  
T. S. Ignatova ◽  
A. Yu. Efimtsev ◽  
G. E. Trufanov
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Spastic Diplegia ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background. Spastic diplegia (Little’s disease) is the most common form of infantile cerebral palsy (ICP), leading to persistent motor and functional impairments. One promising area of rehabilitation is a combination of physical therapy with methods of stimulation of various parts of the nervous system, among which functional electrical stimulation of muscles and nerves is the most prominent.Objective. To study structural changes of cerebral white matter conduction pathways in patients with spastic diplegia after translingual neurostimulation using magnetic resonance tractography.Materials and Methods. An open single center-controlled study was conducted. A total of 18 children were examined. All patients underwent comprehensive MRI in two time points, before and after a course of translingual neurostimulation, on a tomograph with magnetic field induction 3.0 Tesla, which included a traditional protocol in 3 mutually perpendicular planes), and diffusion-weighted imaging — DWI (Diffusion-Weight Imaging).Results. All patients after neurostimulation showed clinical improvement of movement coordination and decrease of muscle tone with formation of new motor skills, improvement of limb motor function. Statistically significant decrease of spasticity index was revealed up to 17% for arms and 23% for legs, improvement of motor skills on all three scales.Conclusion. Translingual neurostimulation allows to affect all components of motor activity, as a result of which neuroplasticity processes are activated and the brain of patients with spastic diplegia becomes more receptive to motor rehabilitation aimed at restoration of motor control and formation of new motor skills.

scholarly journals Soft Tissue Release and Osteotomies in the Treatment of Patients with Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Ng Bobby Kin-Wah ◽  
Chau Wai-Wang ◽  
Hung Alec Lik-Hang ◽  
Lam Tsz-Ping ◽  
Cheng Jack Chun-Yiu
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Release ◽  
Spastic Diplegia ◽  
Single Event ◽  
Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy ◽  
Dorsal Rhizotomy ◽  
Surgery Patient ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mid Term Results

We aim to study the outcome of soft tissue releases by tendon elongations and osteotomies in fixed joint contractures by clinical examination and patient self-reported assessment on 20 patients (14 males and 6 females) with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy treated with single-event multilevel surgery (SEMLS) between 2000 and 2012. A questionnaire was used to collect information on problems encountered before and after surgery and decision on surgery. Comparing patients with Gross Motor Function Classification System class I/II, (N = 8), III (N = 8) and IV/V, patients of classes IV/V showed much slower mean recovery time than I/II group (14.00 vs. 4.38 months, p < 0.01). SEMLS in the treatment of patients with spastic diplegia had good mid-term results in most patients. The patients who had unfavourable outcomes are associated with mental retardation, general or local complications and previous selective dorsal rhizotomy surgery. Patient selection and good rehabilitations preoperation and postoperation provided the most favourable outcomes of SEMLS.

Peripherally administered CRF stimulates colonic motility via central CRF receptors and vagal pathways in conscious rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (6) ◽  
pp. R1537-R1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Tsukamoto ◽  
Yukiomi Nakade ◽  
Christopher Mantyh ◽  
Kirk Ludwig ◽  
Theodore N. Pappas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Area Postrema ◽  
Colonic Motility ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dorsal Nucleus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) is one of the most important factors in the mechanism of stress-induced stimulation of colonic motility. However, it is controversial whether stress-induced stimulation of colonic motility is mediated via central or peripheral CRF receptors. We investigated the hypothesis that peripherally injected CRF accelerates colonic motility through the central CRF receptor, but not the peripheral CRF receptor. A strain gauge transducer was sutured on the serosal surface of the proximal colon. Colonic motility was monitored before and after the peripheral injection of CRF. An in vitro muscle strip study was also performed to investigate the peripheral effects of CRF. Subcutaneous injection of CRF (30–100 μg/kg) stimulated colonic motility in a dose-dependent manner. The stimulatory effect of peripherally administered CRF on colonic motility was abolished by truncal vagotomy, hexamethonium, atropine, and intracisternal injection of astressin (a CRF receptor antagonist). No responses to CRF (10−9 −10−7 M) of the muscle strips of the proximal colon were observed. These results suggest that the stimulatory effect of colonic motility in response to peripheral administration of CRF is mediated by the vagus nerve, nicotinic receptors, muscarinic receptors, and CRF receptors of the brain stem. It is concluded that peripherally administered CRF reaches the area postrema and activates the dorsal nucleus of vagi via central CRF receptors, resulting in stimulation of the vagal efferent and cholinergic transmission of the proximal colon.

scholarly journals Brain aerobic glycolysis and motor adaptation learning

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (26) ◽  
pp. E3782-E3791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Shannon ◽  
Sanjeev Neil Vaishnavi ◽  
Andrei G. Vlassenko ◽  
Joshua S. Shimony ◽  
Jerrel Rutlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Aerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Motor Adaptation ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pet Scans ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Adequate Tissue

Ten percent to 15% of glucose used by the brain is metabolized nonoxidatively despite adequate tissue oxygenation, a process termed aerobic glycolysis (AG). Because of the known role of glycolysis in biosynthesis, we tested whether learning-induced synaptic plasticity would lead to regionally appropriate, learning-dependent changes in AG. Functional MRI (fMRI) before, during, and after performance of a visual–motor adaptation task demonstrated that left Brodmann area 44 (BA44) played a key role in adaptation, with learning-related changes to activity during the task and altered resting-state, functional connectivity after the task. PET scans before and after task performance indicated a sustained increase in AG in left BA 44 accompanied by decreased oxygen consumption. Intersubject variability in behavioral adaptation rate correlated strongly with changes in AG in this region, as well as functional connectivity, which is consistent with a role for AG in synaptic plasticity.

scholarly journals A functional-structural connectivity metric detects ipsilateral connections with distinct functional specialisation in each hemisphere

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oren Civier ◽  
Marion Sourty ◽  
Fernando Calamante
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Functional Mri ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Fibre Bundles ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
The Brain

AbstractWe introduce a connectomics metric that integrates information on structural connectivity (SC) from diffusion MRI tractography and functional connectivity (FC) from resting-state functional MRI, at individual subject level. The metric is based on the ability of SC to broadly predict FC using a simple linear predictive model; for each connection in the brain, the metric quantifies the deviation from that model. For the metric to capture underlying physiological properties, we minimise systematic measurement errors and processing biases in both SC and FC, and address several challenges with the joint analysis. This also includes a data-driven normalisation approach. The combined metric may provide new information by indirectly assessing white matter structural properties that cannot be inferred from diffusion MRI alone, and/or complex interregional neural interactions that cannot be inferred from functional MRI alone. To demonstrate the utility of the metric, we used young adult data from the Human Connectome Project to examine all bilateral pairs of ipsilateral connections, i.e. each left-hemisphere connection in the brain was paired with its right-hemisphere homologue. We detected a minority of bilateral pairs where the metric value is significantly different across hemispheres, which we suggest reflects cases of ipsilateral connections that have distinct functional specialisation in each hemisphere. The pairs with significant effects spanned all cortical lobes, and also included several cortico-subcortical connections. Our findings highlight the potential in a joint analysis of structural and functional measures of connectivity, both for clinical applications and to help in the interpretation of results from standard functional connectivity analysis.Significance StatementBased on the notion that structure predicts function, the scientific community sought to demonstrate that structural information on fibre bundles that connect brain regions is sufficient to estimate the strength of interregional interactions. However, an accurate prediction using MRI has proved elusive. This paper posits that the failure to predict function from structure originates from limitations in measurement or interpretation of either diffusion MRI (to assess fibre bundles), fMRI (to assess functional interactions), or both. We show that these limitations can be nevertheless beneficial, as the extent of divergence between the two modalities may reflect hard-to-measure properties of interregional connections, such as their functional role in the brain. This provides many insights, including into the division of labour between hemispheres.

scholarly journals Predicting Cortical Signatures of Consciousness using Dynamic Functional Connectivity Graph-Convolutional Neural Networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Grigis ◽  
J. Tasserie ◽  
V. Frouin ◽  
B. Jarraya ◽  
L. Uhrig
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Level Of Consciousness ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Brain States ◽  
The Brain

AbstractDecoding the levels of consciousness from cortical activity recording is a major challenge in neuroscience. Using clustering algorithms, we previously demonstrated that resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) data can be split into several clusters also called “brain states” corresponding to “functional configurations” of the brain. Here, we propose to use a supervised machine learning method based on artificial neural networks to predict functional brain states across levels of consciousness from rsfMRI. Because it is key to consider the topology of brain regions used to build the dynamical functional connectivity matrices describing the brain state at a given time, we applied BrainNetCNN, a graph-convolutional neural network (CNN), to predict the brain states in awake and anesthetized non-human primate rsfMRI data. BrainNetCNN achieved a high prediction accuracy that lies in [0.674, 0.765] depending on the experimental settings. We propose to derive the set of connections found to be important for predicting a brain state, reflecting the level of consciousness. The results demonstrate that deep learning methods can be used not only to predict brain states but also to provide additional insight on cortical signatures of consciousness with potential clinical consequences for the monitoring of anesthesia and the diagnosis of disorders of consciousness.

scholarly journals Increased Within-Network Functional Connectivity May Predict NEDA Status in Fingolimod-Treated MS Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Piervincenzi ◽  
Nikolaos Petsas ◽  
Laura De Giglio ◽  
Maurizio Carmellini ◽  
Costanza Giannì ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Functional Reorganization ◽  
Brain Functional Connectivity ◽  
The Brain

Only a few studies have evaluated the brain functional changes associated with disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in multiple sclerosis (MS), though none used a composite measure of clinical and MRI outcomes to evaluate DMT-related brain functional connectivity (FC) measures predictive of short-term outcome. Therefore, we investigated the following: (1) baseline FC differences between patients who showed evidence of disease activity after a specific DMT and those who did not; (2) DMT-related effects on FC, and; (3) possible relationships between DMT-related FC changes and changes in performance. We used a previously analyzed dataset of 30 relapsing MS patients who underwent fingolimod treatment for 6 months and applied the “no evidence of disease activity” (NEDA-3) status as a clinical response indicator of treatment efficacy. Resting-state fMRI data were analyzed to obtain within- and between-network FC measures. After therapy, 14 patients achieved NEDA-3 status (hereinafter NEDA), while 16 did not (EDA). The two groups significantly differed at baseline, with the NEDA group having higher within-network FC in the anterior and posterior default mode, auditory, orbitofrontal, and right frontoparietal networks than the EDA. After therapy, NEDA showed significantly reduced within-network FC in the posterior default mode and left frontoparietal networks and increased between-network FC in the posterior default mode/orbitofrontal networks; they also showed PASAT improvement, which was correlated with greater within-network FC decrease in the posterior default mode network and with greater between-network FC increase. No significant longitudinal FC changes were found in the EDA. Taken together, these findings suggest that NEDA status after fingolimod is related to higher within-network FC at baseline and to a consistent functional reorganization after therapy.

scholarly journals Nuisance effects in inter-scan functional connectivity estimates before and after nuisance regression

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alican Nalci ◽  
Wenjing Luo ◽  
Thomas T. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Bold Signal ◽  
Global Signal ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Oxygenation Level ◽  
Motion Measurements ◽  
The Brain

AbstractIn resting-state functional MRI, the correlation between blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signals across brain regions is used to estimate the functional connectivity (FC) of the brain. FC estimates are prone to the influence of nuisance factors including scanner-related artifacts and physiological modulations of the BOLD signal. Nuisance regression is widely performed to reduce the effect of nuisance factors on FC estimates on a per-scan basis. However, a dedicated analysis of nuisance effects on the variability of FC metrics across a collection of scans has been lacking. This work investigates the effects of nuisance factors on the variability of FC estimates across a collection of scans both before and after nuisance regression. Inter-scan variations in FC estimates are shown to be significantly correlated with the geometric norms of various nuisance terms, including head motion measurements, signals derived from white-matter and cerebrospinal regions, and the whole-brain global signal (GS) both before and after nuisance regression. In addition, it is shown that GS regression (GSR) can introduce GS norm-related fluctuations that are negatively correlated with inter-scan FC estimates. The empirical results are shown to be largely consistent with the predictions of a theoretical framework previously developed for the characterization of dynamic FC measures. This work shows that caution must be exercised when interpreting inter-scan FC measures across scans both before and after nuisance regression.

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