scholarly journals Secularism and National in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic: an Empirical Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-89
Author(s):  
Ugo Chuks Okolie ◽  
◽  
Festus Osayande ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Competition ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
National Development ◽  
Ethnic Politics ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Youth Leaders ◽  
Ethnic Consciousness ◽  
Fourth Republic ◽  
Unity In Diversity ◽  
Bad Leadership

Nigeria is a plural state with diverse culture, ethnic and religious institutions. These portray the beauty of the country to the outside world and successive Nigerian governments have not ceased to preach the nation’s desire to forge unity in diversity. However, the reality on the ground is that ethnic chauvinism, ethnic politics, ethnic consciousness, ethnic factionalization, religious fanaticism and extremism have overshadowed the desire for unity, which is a basic ingredient for national development. These are manifested in political and constitutional instabilities, ethnic and religious violence, bad leadership and governance, political competition for power, insecurity of lives and property, corruption, tribalism and nepotism, injustice, immoral acts, bloodshed, and intolerance. The challenges of national development in Nigeria assume such an awful proportion that seems to defy any kind of antidote; this is the stage at which the concept of secularism becomes most apt. This study therefore explored the effect of secularism on national development in Nigeria’s fourth republic. A descriptive method was adopted and data was collected via a survey of 900 respondents comprises of Christian leaders, Muslim leaders, Traditional leaders, leaders of Civil Society groups and Youth leaders. Data collected were analysed using Pearson product moment correlation and linear regression analysis. The result of the study revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between secularism and national development. The result also showed that secularism does have a significant effect on national development in Nigeria’s fourth republic. Requisite recommendations and conclusion were provided in the light of theoretical and empirical findings.

Political Competition Beyond Ethnic Politics in Africa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominika Koter
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Ethnic Politics ◽  
Ethnic Mobilization ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Ethnic Networks ◽  
Electoral Mobilization

Ethnic cleavages are present in many elections across the continent, and scholars frequently view ethnic mobilization as the default way in which politicians appeal to African voters. Ethnic electoral patterns already emerged in many countries during the first mass elections around the time of independence and they continue to be visible to this day. The prevalence of ethnic politics has been commonly seen as a result of limited ideological and programmatic debates in African elections and the centrality of ethnic networks in voters’ access to scarce resources. Yet, early-21st-century scholarship increasingly reveals the varied degrees in which ethnicity plays a role in African political contests, raising the question of when do politicians engage in alternative forms of electoral mobilization? And when are voters inclined to vote for candidates outside their ethnic group? Emerging scholarship suggests that it is easier for politicians to pursue programmatic and populist campaigns that do not cater to specific ethnic groups in cities rather than in rural areas where politicians rarely avoid clientelist strategies. Other research also suggests that the nature of social organization and the composition of rural areas can determine whether clientelist strategies are organized along ethnic lines or not.

scholarly journals LEADERSHIP ETHICS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF YOUTH VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATION IN MALAYSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (23) ◽  
pp. 171-185
Author(s):  
Romzi Ationg ◽  
Irma Wani Othman ◽  
Mohd Sohaimi Esa ◽  
Budi Anto Mohd Tamring ◽  
Mohd Nur Hidayat Hasbollah Hajimin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Voluntary Associations ◽  
National Development ◽  
Voluntary Association ◽  
Youth Leadership ◽  
Leadership Ethics ◽  
Youth Leaders ◽  
Preliminary Discussion ◽  
Theoretical Literature

This paper presents a discussion on the need to improve leadership ethics for sustainable development of youth voluntary associations through the examination of theoretical literature that focuses on understanding leadership, particularly the leadership of youth voluntary associations. It also discusses the concept of youth, leadership, and youth voluntary associations. For this reason, this paper is being organized according to subtopics namely the concept of youth, youth voluntary associations, leaders and leadership, leadership ethics, and the need to improve leadership ethics among youth leaders. It is hoped that this preliminary discussion on the need to improve leadership ethics among the leaders of youth voluntary associations provides room for national development that focuses on youth development.

scholarly journals Ethnic Politics and the Agitation for Restructuring Nigeria: Implication for National Development and Dialogue Initiative

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Amiara, Solomon Amiara ◽  
Dr Paul Uroku Omeje ◽  
Dr Kennth Igbomaka Nwoikie
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Political System ◽  
National Development ◽  
Ethnic Politics ◽  
Resource Control ◽  
British Imperialism ◽  
Ethnic Nationalism ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
Policy Makers

The evolution of NIgerian State is shrouded in cultural complexities that are built on linquistc  variations and ethno-religious discontents. Asa a product of the British imperialism, the 1914 amaglmation of the northern and southern protectorates saw the emergence of what became an independent NigerianState on October 1, 1960. Thus, the activities of these imperialists led to the birth of Nigeria's naionalism which was couched in ethnic nationalism rather than true pan Nigerianism. This ethnocentrism has advertently deepened Nigeria's problems and led to the evolution of several regime system that manifested into resource control, independent movement and ethnic militants. Scholars and policy-makers alike, have over the last two decades tried several workable political system without actually arriving at any possible solution thereby stoking the flame of ethnic based crises that fraught Nigerian sovereignty. Against this background, the proclamation of the Sovereign State of Biafra was celebrated with attended war that followed therein. Therefore, it is understood that the aftermath of the war still linger and gave birth to Indigenous People of Biafra. While it could be said that the bulk of Nigerian resources are committed to finding solution to the existing political structures, it is obvious that the weighter problems arising from corruption, prebendalism and lack of true federalism that resulted to the evolution of ethnic millitias are still neglected. Therefore, the study identifies corruption, favouritism and nepotism as the majorproblems of ethnic politics in Nigeria while applying thematic, and historical analytical method as a method of analysis

The Effect of Pressure, Opportunity, Rationalization, Gender, and Workload on The Action of Fraud

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-258
Author(s):  
Sri Luna Murdianingrum ◽  
Sri Wahyuni Widiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
National Development ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Fraud Triangle ◽  
Accounting Faculty ◽  
Financial Pressure ◽  
Regional Work

This research aims to test the effect of financial pressure, opportunity, rationalization (fraud triangle), gender, and workload on the action of fraud. The data used in this research is the primary data using questionnaires that were distributed to 60 respondents with the technique of sampling slovin. The respondent of this research is an academic community of regional work unit of Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Business, Yogyakarta "Veteran" National Development University. This research using quantitive methods such as multiple linear regression analysis. This research found that the action of fraud is not affected by pressure, opportunity, rationalization, gender, and workload.

scholarly journals The effect of audit opinions, implementation of audit recommendations, and findings of state losses on corruption levels in the ministries and institutions of the Republic of Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-129
Author(s):  
Muhamad Agung Budiman ◽  
Firdaus Amyar
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
National Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Audit Opinions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Combined Impact

The prevalence of corruption in Indonesia is increasing every year. This fact has further undermined public confidence to strengthen governance and is a critical barrier to national development. This study aims to empirically examine the individual and combined impact of audit opinions, the implementation of audit recommendations, and findings of state losses by the Indonesian Supreme Audit Board (BPK) on the prevalence of corruption in ministries and institutions in the Republic of Indonesia. Using multiple linear regression analysis, this study used a purposive sampling method and investigated 72 ministries using secondary data from 2014 to 2017 obtained from BPK and the Corruption Eradication Commission of the Republic of Indonesia (KPK). This study indicates that audit opinions and the implementation of audit recommendations do not affect corruption in Indonesian ministries and institutions. In contrast, findings of state losses do have an influence. The combination of audit opinions, implementation of audit recommendations, and findings of simultaneous state losses do not affect corruption cases in Indonesian ministries and institutions. BPK can use the results of this study to formulate approaches and recommendations for auditing government financial reports that have a strong correlation with corruption eradication. Moreover, KPK needs to be more vigorous in its efforts to eradicate corruption, including establishing closer cooperation with BPK because the results of this research show that findings of state losses by BPK are closely related to corruption cases.

scholarly journals Ethnic Politics and Electoral Violence in Nigeria: A Study of the South-South Geopolitical Zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-118
Author(s):  
Gbosien Chris Sokoh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Ethnic Politics ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
The South ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Electoral Violence ◽  
Collective Interest ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
The Relationship

The Nigerian state since political independence in 1960 has been basking in the euphoria of ethnic politics and electoral violence. Each ethnic nationality in Nigeria has its own culture, interest, aspiration, language and faith and these factors seems to affect the socio-economic and political fate of each group, make identification with the nation a problematic task and exacerbate the difficulty in attaining credible elections a true democracy in the society. Against this backdrop, this study examined the relationship and the effect of ethnic politics on electoral violence in the south-south geopolitical zone of Nigeria. A cross sectional research designed was adopted and data was collected via a survey of six hundred (600) respondents. Data collected were analysed using simple percentages, correlation, and linear regression analysis with the aid of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23. The results of the study revealed that there is a significant relationship between ethnic politics and electoral violence in the south-south geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The study also showed that ethnic politics exerts a positive and statistically significant impact on electoral violence in the south-south geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Based on these findings, the study concludes that ethnic politics has significant influence on electoral violence in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends, among other things, that Nigerian political leaders should place Nigerian citizens at the centre of their political project without recourse to ethnic chauvinism and the acquisition of political power as a means for serving the collective interest of the citizens irrespective of their ethnic origin. This will go a long way to reduce electoral violence in Nigeria, especially in the south-south geopolitical zone.

DEMOCRACY AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA’S FOURTH REPUBLIC: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-166
Author(s):  
Moses M. Adagbabiri ◽  
Ugo C. Okolie
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
National Development ◽  
Good Prospect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
The People ◽  
Fourth Republic ◽  
Good Government ◽  
Heterogeneous Societies

As a theory that sets some basic principles according to which a good government, whatev-er its form, must be run, democracy offers a good prospect for achieving national develop-ment of especially heterogeneous societies. The common feature of democratic governance is its emphasis on improving the socio-economic welfare of the people and this is synony-mous with the idea of national development. All over the world, democracy is prioritized because it is assumed to have the magic wand to effectively deal with inter and intragroup conflicts arising from the democratic method. But the Nigerian experience with democracy is not very pleasant. While ethnoreligious violence is rife in the politics, the economy remains on its kneel with abject poverty as a recurring decimal among the people. The popular expectations, that democracy will resolve all these challenges have largely been unattained. Therefore, it is against this backdrop, that this study explored the effect of democracy on national development in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic. A descriptive method was adopted and cross-sectional data were collected across the twenty-five Local Govern-ment Areas in Delta State with the aid of a structured questionnaire. Non- probabilistic sampling techniques comprising of purposeful and convenience techniques were used to elicit information via questionnaire from 400 respondents. Data were analyzed using Pear-son product-moment correlation and regression analysis. The result of the study revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between democracy and national development in Nigeria’s fourth republic. Thus, the study recommends among others that the political leaders should adhere to the basic tenets of democracy and constitutionalism to promote good governance and foster national development.

Ethnicity in Electoral Politics in Ghana: Colonial Legacies and the Constitution as Determinants

2020 ◽  
pp. 089692052094326
Author(s):  
Clement Sefa-Nyarko
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Design ◽  
Ethnic Politics ◽  
Party Politics ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
Fourth Republic ◽  
Colonial Legacies ◽  
Election Results ◽  
Political Divide ◽  
Indirect Rule

This paper assesses political allegiances in Ghana, positioning its ethno-political divide into the historical contexts of institutional design and colonialism in Africa. It argues that whilst the colonial policy of Indirect Rule solidified ethnicity in Africa, post-colonial governments used it differently, with varying effects on institutional design and state-building. In concert with other constitutional provisions, Ghana’s Article 55 of 1992 Constitution has curtailed extreme ethnic politics through the limit it places on ethnicity in party politics. Whilst outlawing ethnicity in politics, the constitution provides other depoliticised outlets for expressing diversity, especially through decentralisation and legitimisation of chieftaincy institutions. Despite these safeguarding provisions, the Asantes and Ewes have consistently taken entrenched political positions since 1992, and this article explicates some of the drivers using longitudinal election results. It draws on institutional design complexities in multi-ethnic societies in Africa to propose lessons and convey implications for Ghana’s Fourth Republic Constitution.

scholarly journals FARMERS EMPOWERMENT ON FOOD SECURITY PROGRAM IN ENGGAL MAJU FARMERS GROUP ASSOCIATION OF KEBUMEN REGENCY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-125
Author(s):  
Ahmad Muhtarom ◽  
Teguh Djuharyanto ◽  
Adhi Iman Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
National Development ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Group Association

Agriculture is a strategic sector in national development because it plays an important role infood availability and realizes food security. The Farmer's attitude is one of the determining aspects toinvolvement farmers in empowerment programs for food security. A research, aiming to describe thefarmer's attitude and analyze the farmer's attitudes and the influence factors that influence the farmer'sattitudes on the food security empowerment program. The research used mixed method, the number ofresearch respondents was 60 farmers members of the farmer's group association Enggal Maju KebumenDistrict, determined by cluster random sampling, and for qualitative data, the informants were selectedpurposively. The Farmer's attitude analyzed with descriptive analysis and the influence factors offarmers' attitude used multiple linear regression analysis. Farmer's attitude analyzed with descriptiveanalysis and the influence factors of farmer's attitude used multiple linear regression analysis. Theresult show that the farmer's attitudes in terms of cognitive, affective, and conative components towardthe objectives program were high, farmer's attitudes towards, the target, implementation, and benefits ofthe program were very highly classified. Farm size, personal experience, and the influence of the important people were a significant effect on the farmer's attitudes in food security empowermentprograms. The need to maximize the function of farmer’s groups, consistency of extension workers,agencies and heads of Gapoktan assist and guide farmers so that the sustainability of activities ismaintained 

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