scholarly journals Mary Holderness. Notes relating to the Manners and Customs of the Crim Tatars (Written during the four years` residence among that people)

2021 ◽  
pp. 257-279
Author(s):  
Arzy Yu. Alieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Sheep Breeding ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
Crimean Tatar

In her essay “Notes Relating to the Manners and Customs of the Crim Tartars (Written during four years of living among that people)”, the English traveler Mary Holderness describes the peculiarities of the Crimean Tatars’ way of life, their customs and traditions, pays attention to musical instruments , wrestling, children’s games, horse racing. The author has done a certain amount of work to study the natural resource potential of the peninsula, specialization and location of the Crimean agricultural sectors, taking into account the influence of climatic and geographical conditions. Agricultural methods, sheep breeding, the interior of the Crimean Tatar smithy, the work of mills are also presented by the author. The presence of a variety of horticultural crops not only in the region of residence of Holderness, but also on the entire peninsula, a variety of flora and fauna, medicinal plants, and the natural landscape of the peninsula are considered in her work. In conclusion, the author indicates the prices for food, goods and services of that period.

scholarly journals PERSPECTIVES OF THE PRIMARY PREVENTION OF COLORECTAL CANCER BASED ON THE ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE RISK OF THIS PATHOLOGY

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 424-428
Author(s):  
Elena A. Vilms ◽  
D. V. Turchaninov ◽  
V. L. Stasenko ◽  
N. G. Shirlina
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Cancer Information ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Food Ration ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
Fatty Food ◽  
The Impact

The analysis of personal data (characterizing a way of life, area of residence, food ration, an available disease, symptoms) of patients with the established diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and persons of the comparison group without this diagnosis was carried out. The factors (signs) associated with the risk of the development of colorectal cancer were determined, the probability of their detection in patients and healthy, their diagnostic value (informative value) was estimated. The most informative factors associated with the risk of the development of CRC were found for residents of the Omsk region: changing the region of residence, addiction to fatty food, passing the last prophylactic medical examination more than 4 years ago, having relatives of the first line with colorectal cancer, information on the state of health (positive the result of examination of feces for latent blood, symptoms of the presence of admixture of blood in the stool, false desires for stool presence of polyps, hemorrhoids, cracks in the rectum).

Budzhak Population: an experience of a fugitive review of 18th-century observations

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-74
Author(s):  
Nicolai Russev ◽  
◽  
Fedor Markov
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Social Crisis ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eurasian Steppe ◽  
South Eastern Europe

Budzhak (in modern Moldova and Ukraine) is the western part of the Eurasian steppe, the natural character of which had determined the ways of the local life for centuries. The Ottoman and the Russian Empires had clashed here in the eighteenth century, on the eve of the European Enlightenment. This fight was to determine further prospects for development, while many contemporaries and eyewitnesses tried to guess any signs of these prospects. A profound social crisis in south-eastern Europe contributed to political and ethnic and confessional changes and was changing the natural landscape. The Turkic Muslim population had to leave these lands under the growing pressure of these changes, and the new population was predominantly Christian. Now the Christians determined the way of life in Budzhak, even its flora and fauna.

Standard of living, consumption norms, and perceived necessities

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (9/10) ◽  
pp. 710-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riikka Aro ◽  
Terhi-Anna Wilska
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on the material conditions of peoples’ daily lives by investigating changes in the self-perceived necessities of ten technology- and leisure-related consumer goods and services between 1999 and 2009. The authors also look at the socio-demographic predictors of the perceptions and the development of the ownership of the goods under investigation. Design/methodology/approach – The data are derived from surveys “Finland – Consumption and way of life” 1999 (N=2,417), 2004 (N=3,574), and 2009 (N=1,202). The statistical analysis methods include ANOVA and descriptive statistics. Also official statistics are used. Findings – Many technological goods, in particular, have become necessities for most people, and the ownership rates have increased notably. Age, type of household, place of residence and gender affected the necessity of most items. Income affected the necessity of expensive goods and services. Practical implications – The ways goods become social decencies does not always follow economic rationalities or are explained by conventional socio-economic determinants. The meaning of life course stage and related daily practices are probably more important than is usually recognized in social studies. Particularly many ICT goods become socially perceived necessities soon after their emergence, which changes the perceptions of adequate living standards, affecting thus the definition of “basic needs” and related social policy. Originality/value – The perceptions of necessities and other measures of living standards have been mainly looked at from the viewpoint of poverty and income. This study explains the perceived necessity of goods and services by several socio-demographic variables.

scholarly journals Medicinal plants in atlas mapping

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Svetlana Malkhazova ◽  
Tatiana Kotova ◽  
Nadezhda Leonova ◽  
Inessa Miklyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
State University ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Geographical Maps ◽  
Moscow State University

Medicinal plants are an important natural resource of the country, used for medicine and healthcare needs. Cartographic study of the natural resource potential of medicinal plants remains an actual proposal for contemporary ecological geographical and resource researches. The paper concerns the state of medicinal plants mapping in our country, specifics of cartographical display and description. More than 30 scientific reference, popular science complex and special federal and regional atlases including maps of medicinal plants have been published during 1964–2014 period in Russia. Medicinal plants distribution is most fully displayed in the “Atlas of natural ranges and resources of medicinal plants of the USSR”. The Atlas contains about 180 maps of ranges for 234 plants species. Contemporary atlases are represented by the National Atlas of Arctic [2017] and the Medical-Geographical atlas of Russia “Healing springs and plants” [2019] created by scientists of the Lomonosov Moscow State University (the Faculty of Geography). The last atlas contains ranges of officinal plants, permitted by the RF Ministry of Healthcare for usage by scientific medicine. This atlas contains 37 maps of 72 plants’ species (1 : 30 000 000) at the background of the Map of Zones and Altitudinal Types of Vegetation of Russia. This atlas is the first popular science publication containing comprehensive information about state and distribution of officinal plants species, about problems of their use and protection accompanied by physiographic, climatic, biogeographical, medical-geographical maps.

GENERAL R.F. ROSEN ABOUT THE AVAR KHANATE

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
B G Aliev
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Political Structure ◽  
Sheep Breeding ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Insight Into

The article presents a comparative historiographic analysis of the information on the Avar Khanate, available in General R.F. Rosen’s work “Description of Chechnya and Dagestan”. The information relates to various problems of socio-economic position of the Khanate, its structure and administration, relations with the neighboring unions of rural communities, the size of the population and armed forces, the main branches of economy, location of villages and house constructions, natural and geographical conditions, roads running from flat Dagestan to the Khanate. Of particular interest is R.F. Rosen’s information on the political structure and administration of the Avar Khanate. Like a number of previous authors (S.M. Bronevsky, Chrysanth, F.P.Skalon and others), R.F.Rosen wrote that there was public administration in Avariya. The main feature in the description of the Khanate was an excessive exaggeration of shortcomings in the state and development of the Avar Khanate. R.F. Rosen saw only negatives in the way of life of the Khanate. He wrote about people’s insubordination to the khan, his dependence on the People’s Assembly, a small size of the population of the Khanate and its armed forces, bad horse cavalry, complete independence of neighboring societies from the khan, underdevelopment of arable farming, and a relatively poor development of sheep breeding. In his opinion, distant-pasture cattle tending was one of the reasons for poor development of sheep breeding in the Khanate as compared to that in other neighboring peoples. It can be assumed that R.F. Rosen described the Avar Khanate under a strong influence of the description of the Khanate given by F.P. Skalon a year before, who wrote about the similar disadvantages in the state of the Khanate. But no matter how and what R.F. Rosen wrote, his description is of great interest as it helps to provide further insight into the socio-economic and political situation of the Avar Khanate in the 1820-1830s. And it is very important as there are different opinions on the socio-economic development and administrative and political structure of the Avar Khanate, as the analyzed material shows.

Cambio social y costumbres laborales: Contradicciones entre uso y proteccióón del bosque en Huitzilac, Mééxico

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-350
Author(s):  
Margarita Estrada Iguííniz
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Peasant Communities ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Contemporary Perspective ◽  
The Law ◽  
Mexican Populations

From both a historical and a contemporary perspective, this article explores the role of rural Mexican populations in forest management programs. Using the experience of Huitzilac, Morelos, the study shows how, through such age-old practices as felling trees and marketing timber, rural populations participate in the process of social change. By preserving traditional customs, peasant communities are not only defending their way of life, but are also augmenting their capacity to buy goods and services in the marketplace. And in doing so, they do not hesitate to ignore or circumvent the law. Desde una perspectiva históórica y contemporáánea, este artíículo explora la participacióón de las poblaciones campesinas en programas para el uso y manejo de los recursos forestales. A partir de la experiencia de Huitzilac, Morelos, se muestra cóómo algunas práácticas laborales antiguas como la tala y venta de madera son parte de la participacióón de la poblacióón rural mexicana en los procesos de cambio social. Al mantener costumbres tradicionales, las comunidades campesinas no sóólo defienden su modo de vida sino tambiéén aumentan su capacidad de acceder a bienes y servicios que se ofrecen en el mercado, y para lograrlo no vacilan en ignorar o circundar la ley.

scholarly journals Variación de los dominios forestal y herbáceo en el paisaje vegetal de la península Ibérica en los últimos 20.000 años. Importancia del efecto de los grandes herbívoros sobre la vegetación

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Montserrat-Martí ◽  
D. Gómez-García
Keyword(s):  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Glacial Cycles ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Península Ibérica

Mega-herbivores (body mass greater than 1000 kg) help structuring the plant landscape through consumption, breakage and uprooting of numerous woody plants, tending to transform wooded areas into grass, shrub and forest mosaics. These mosaics contribute to maintain a high biodiversity, since they enable the persistence of plants and animals of dense forests and treeless steppes, which alternated in the European landscapes following the glacial cycles of the Pleistocene. The disappearance of the mega-herbivores from the Iberian Peninsula at the end of the Pleistocene probably caused a cascade of ecological effects that remains unknown. We also do not know if the causes of their disappearance were natural or anthropogenic, and consequently it is not know if the plant landscapes that developed later, in the Holocene, have a natural or anthropogenic origin.The aim of this review is to explore in the scientific literature the hypothesis that the transformation of the natural landscape by humans began after their arrival in Europe through the intensive hunting of large herbivores, until their disappearance or extreme reduction. Consequently, the forest recovery of the end of the Pleistocene and beginning of the Holocene might have taken place without the containment that these animals would have exerted on woody vegetation in the previous interglacials. As a result, dense forests would spread over large territories reducing pastures and herbivores of open spaces, which were the sustenance of Homo sapiens in the Pleistocene. This limitation would force humans to change their diet to survive and, in a relatively short period of time, to adopt a new way of life-style based on livestock and agriculture.The results of the review do not allow us to support or reject the hypothesis raised, or even any of the most relevant issues arising from it. Some fundamental grounds of this hypothesis are currently debated, and are giving rise to contrasting interpretations.The most relevant ecological aspects found after the literature review are discussed, some ideas are proposed for their interpretation, and the limitations of the paleo-ecological information available in the literature to answer general questions such as those posed here, are emphasized.

ECOSYSTEM ASSETS OF THE COMMUNITIES NATURE PROTECTED TERRITORIES: APPROACHES TO THE ASSESSMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Iryna Patoka
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Local Ecosystem ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Compensation Payments

The paper proves the need to reform the system of ecological management of protected areas of communities on an ecosystem basis, taking into account the general processes of decentralization and European integration. It is noted that the main problems of adequate assessment of local natural resource potential of communities, in particular the assessment of ecosystem assets of their protected areas, are related to the imperfection of the general methodology of its implementation and the relevant regulatory framework. It is emphasized that the achievement of the goals of sustainable spatial development at the local level is ensured via full mobilization of all types of local resources, e.g. in protected areas, in particular by taking into account the value of ecosystem assets and ecosystem services produced by them in the interests of local communities. It is shown that economic assessments allow to substantiate the economic efficiency of investments in the environmental complex in order to preserve biodiversity, compare the costs and benefits of ecosystem services, as well as calculate the amount of compensation payments. It is determined that the process of assessment of ecosystem assets of territories is a measurement of the total monetary value of ecosystem-related goods and services in the region, i.e. the assessment of ecosystem assets is primarily to assess the ecosystem services produced by these assets. As a result of the study, successive stages of developing an algorithm for assessing ecosystem assets of protected areas of communities with the definition of the main structural components of assessment: valuation of ecosystem services produced by assets of protected areas, using a combination of relevant assessment methods and valuation component of the total local ecosystem asset of a particular territorial community. The calculation of the total value of ecosystem assets of protected areas of communities on the example of Blagodatnenskaya OTG of the Pervomaisky district of the Nikolaev area is executed. Proposals for optimizing the use of ecosystem assets of protected areas of communities have been developed.

scholarly journals Images of the Mother Goddess in the Neolithic Sanctuary of Pla de Petracos (Alicante, Spain)—The Sacralization of Agriculture

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 614
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Roche Cárcel
Keyword(s):  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Religious Thought ◽  
Mother Goddess ◽  
Cave Paintings ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
The Way

The objective of this work is to iconologically analyze the cave paintings of the Neolithic sanctuary of Pla de Petracos (Alicante, Spain), putting them in relation to the way of life and the religious thought of the society of the time, as well as the connection of these paintings with the Mother Goddess. To do this, firstly, the characters of early Neolithic agricultural and livestock societies, and the religiosity of the Mother Goddess that she professes, are contextualized with abundant academic documentation. The natural and religious scenery of the territory where the images and material goods—cardial ceramics, musical instruments, and ritual objects—excavated in the archeological sites located in the surroundings are described below. Finally, significant examples of ancient cultures related to the sanctuary are offered.

scholarly journals Mary Holderness. Notes relating to the Manners and Customs of the Crim Tatars. Written during the four years` residence among that people

2021 ◽  
pp. 238-260
Author(s):  
Arzy Yu. Alieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family Relations ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
The Village ◽  
Crimean Tatar ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Way

This translation is based on the work “Notes Relating to the Manners and Customs of the Crim Tartars…” by the English traveler Mary Holderness. This work was published in London in 1821. It contains detailed information about the way of life of the Crimean Tatars, among whom Mary Holderness lived for four years in the village of Karagoz (Karagoss, at present the village of Pervomayskoye, Kirovsky district of the Crimea) since 1816 to 1820. The work is based on the author’s personal testimonies about the conduct of marriage, funeral and many other ceremonies of the Crimean Tatars: their customs, traditions, methods of housekeeping and education, especially intra-family relations. In her notes, Mary Holderness describes the development of women’s handicrafts and leather production. The author notes that all the Crimean footwear production was made in Bakhchisarai and Karasubazar, and subsequently sent to other Crimean cities. The author provides information on the development of sheep breeding among the Crimean Tatars. Lamb skins, after appropriate processing, were highly valued and exported to Moscow. Jewelry production was also well developed. Various jewelry decorations were made by them: jewelry made of silver, glass, brass, lead, as well as gold with colored stones. The significance of work lies in the fact that it provided the modern reader with the opportunity to get acquainted with the way of life and customs of the Crimean Tatars of the period described. An abundance of background information: food prices, Russian equivalents of British measures, indication of the distance between settlements make it possible to assess the standard of living of the Crimean Tatar people in the period under review.

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