scholarly journals Immunological parameters examination of the oral fluid in normal and pathological conditions: sensitivity analysis of microorganisms in modern therapeutic practice in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Abdulrazaq Mohammad SABAH ◽  
Ikonnikova NATALIYA
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Therapeutic Practice ◽  
Pathological Conditions

scholarly journals Albumin in patients with liver disease shows an altered conformation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margret Paar ◽  
Vera H. Fengler ◽  
Daniel J. Rosenberg ◽  
Angelika Krebs ◽  
Rudolf E. Stauber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
End Stage

AbstractHuman serum albumin (HSA) constitutes the primary transporter of fatty acids, bilirubin, and other plasma compounds. The binding, transport, and release of its cargos strongly depend on albumin conformation, which is affected by bound ligands induced by physiological and pathological conditions. HSA is both highly oxidized and heavily loaded with fatty acids and bilirubin in chronic liver disease. By employing small-angle X-ray scattering we show that HSA from the plasma of chronic liver disease patients undergoes a distinct opening compared to healthy donors. The extent of HSA opening correlates with clinically relevant variables, such as the model of end-stage liver disease score, bilirubin, and fatty acid levels. Although the mild oxidation of HSA in vitro does not alter overall structure, the alteration of patients’ HSA correlates with its redox state. This study connects clinical data with structural visualization of albumin dynamicity in solution and underlines the functional importance of albumin’s inherent flexibility.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Effects and Potential Clinical Usefulness of Polyphenols in Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 450
Author(s):  
Kensuke Mitsunari ◽  
Yasuyoshi Miyata ◽  
Tomohiro Matsuo ◽  
Yuta Mukae ◽  
Asato Otsubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Urinary Tract Symptoms ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Lower Urinary

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is arguably the most common benign disease among men. This disease is often associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men and significantly decreases the quality of life. Polyphenol consumption reportedly plays an important role in the prevention of many diseases, including BPH. In recent years, in addition to disease prevention, many studies have reported the efficacy and safety of polyphenol treatment against various pathological conditions in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, numerous studies have also revealed the molecular mechanisms of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenols. We believe that an improved understanding of the detailed pharmacological roles of polyphenol-induced activities at a molecular level is important for the prevention and treatment of BPH. Polyphenols are composed of many members, and their biological roles differ. In this review, we first provide information regarding the pathological roles of oxidative stress and inflammation in BPH. Next, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenols, including those of flavonoids and non-flavonoids, are discussed. Finally, we talk about the results and limitations of previous clinical trials that have used polyphenols in BPH, with particular focus on their molecular mechanisms of action.

Viscum album : from high dilutions to phytotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-37
Author(s):  
Richard Blostin
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Molecular Form ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Mistletoe Lectin ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Monocytic Cell ◽  
High Dilutions

Background : Besides conventional anticancer therapy, cancer patients use complementary and alternative medicine like the medicinal herb mistletoe (Viscum album L.), used in oral form or injections. For this condition Viscum album (VA) is also used in high dilutions, in injections, as in Brazil. Aim: Our aim is to compare results of basic research about these two presentations: herbal medicine and high dilutions and to look for an eventual continuity of action between the molecular form (herbal medicine) and the informative one (high dilutions) Method: About VA in herbal medicine : a lot of references in immunology, in particular those published by the team of Srini Kaveri and Stephan Baumgartner.(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) About VA in high dilutions : the work in immunology of Aloiso Cunha de Carvalho and Leoni Bonamin published in a thesis. (6) And then to compare those results with our practice as veterinarian on dogs and cats . Results : VA in herbal medecine: from basic research results, we know that in low concentration, an immunostimulary action is observed while in higher doses it is a cytotoxic activity. These two properties are found in our practical use of VA in dogs or cats : stabilization of the size of tumors for the low concentrations, necrosis of tumors and abscess for the high concentrations. VA in high dilutions (from D3 to D30) : from basic research, an immunostimutating effect is observed. More exactly, on a murin model of tumor of Ehrlich, it is observed an improvement of quality of life, a reduction of the tumor immunosuppressive effect, an enlargement of local inflammations (Oedema) for all concentrations, but only 3D reduces tumor growth, without modifying local necrosis and the immunological parameters. In our practice, on two cases of osteosarcoma on dogs, we verify those properties using VA both in herbal medicine and in high dilutions. Conclusions: From these results, both in basic research and in the practice, we should estimate there is probably a continuity of action fom VA, in High Dynamised Dilutions ( no more molecule), to VA in herbal medicine (molecular activity). From immunostimation to cytotoxicity, from information to molecular activity. Does each Viscum album’s preparation touch the same level of the Immune System ? The same cells ? The same receptors ? A lot of questions remain… References 1) Duong Van Huyen JP and al. Variable sensitivity of lymphoblastoid cells to apoptosis induced by Viscum album Qu FrF, a therapeutic preparation of mistletoe lectin. Chemotherapy. (2001) 2) Duong Van Huyen JP and al. Induction of apoptosis of endothelial cells by Viscum album: a role for anti-tumoral properties of mistletoe lectins. Mol Med. (2002) 3)Duong Van Huyen JP and al Comparative study of the sensitivity of lymphoblastoid and transformed monocytic cell lines to the cytotoxic effects of Viscum album extracts of different origin.. Chemotherapy. (2003) 4) Estko M and al. Tumour cell derived effects on monocyte/macrophage polarization and function and modulatory potential of Viscum album lipophilic extract in vitro. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015 5) Saha C, and al Differential Effects of Viscum album Preparations on the Maturation and Activation of Human Dendritic Cells and CD4⁺ T Cell Responses. Molecules. 2016 Jul 14;21(7) 6) Aloisio Cunha de Carvalho , ATIVIDADE ANTI-NEOPLÁSICA DE Viscum album (L) EM TUMORES EXPERIMENTAIS: REVISÃO CRÍTICA E ESTUDO EXPERIMENTAL EM TUMOR DE EHRLICH, Thesis Sao Paulo

Studies of Virulence Factors of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Avian Colibacillosis by In vitro Method and PCR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayushi Singh ◽  
Daljeet Chhabra ◽  
Rakhi Gangil ◽  
Rakesh Sharda ◽  
Ravi Sikrodia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Stx1 Gene

Background: Avian colibacillosis is considered as major cause of morbidity and mortality in poultry. It is a common bacterial disease of poultry and many virulence factors of E. coli are associated with the disease. The current study was aimed to investigate the presence of some virulence factors of E. coli isolated from the cases of colibacillosis.Methods: In present study, total 150 samples (liver, heart, lungs, air sacs and feaces) of chicken exhibiting pathological conditions of colibacillosis were collected from various poultry farms (organized and backyard) situated in and around Mhow and Indore cities. E.coli was isolated and identified from the samples on the basis of cultural characteristics and biochemical test. All E. coli isolates were further subjected to evaluate the presence of virulence factors such as biofilm production, haemolysis, invasiveness and molecular detection of fimH and stx1 gene.Result: Out of these 51.33% of incidence of E. coli was recorded. E. coli O84 and O149 serotypes were found most prevalent. Out of 77 isolates, 46 (59.7%) and 45 (58.4%) were positive for biofilm formation by tube method and modified CRA method, respectively. All E. coli isolates were showing invasiveness in congo red binding assay while none of the isolates was found haemolytic. Molecular detection revealed the presence of fimH (508bp) gene in 33.3% of tested samples while stx1 gene could not be detected in any isolates.

scholarly journals Novel in vitro Experimental Approaches to Study Myelination and Remyelination in the Central Nervous System

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Marangon ◽  
Nicolò Caporale ◽  
Marta Boccazzi ◽  
Maria P. Abbracchio ◽  
Giuseppe Testa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Disease Modeling ◽  
Brain Physiology ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Experimental Approaches

Myelin is the lipidic insulating structure enwrapping axons and allowing fast saltatory nerve conduction. In the central nervous system, myelin sheath is the result of the complex packaging of multilamellar extensions of oligodendrocyte (OL) membranes. Before reaching myelinating capabilities, OLs undergo a very precise program of differentiation and maturation that starts from OL precursor cells (OPCs). In the last 20 years, the biology of OPCs and their behavior under pathological conditions have been studied through several experimental models. When co-cultured with neurons, OPCs undergo terminal maturation and produce myelin tracts around axons, allowing to investigate myelination in response to exogenous stimuli in a very simple in vitro system. On the other hand, in vivo models more closely reproducing some of the features of human pathophysiology enabled to assess the consequences of demyelination and the molecular mechanisms of remyelination, and they are often used to validate the effect of pharmacological agents. However, they are very complex, and not suitable for large scale drug discovery screening. Recent advances in cell reprogramming, biophysics and bioengineering have allowed impressive improvements in the methodological approaches to study brain physiology and myelination. Rat and mouse OPCs can be replaced by human OPCs obtained by induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from healthy or diseased individuals, thus offering unprecedented possibilities for personalized disease modeling and treatment. OPCs and neural cells can be also artificially assembled, using 3D-printed culture chambers and biomaterial scaffolds, which allow modeling cell-to-cell interactions in a highly controlled manner. Interestingly, scaffold stiffness can be adopted to reproduce the mechanosensory properties assumed by tissues in physiological or pathological conditions. Moreover, the recent development of iPSC-derived 3D brain cultures, called organoids, has made it possible to study key aspects of embryonic brain development, such as neuronal differentiation, maturation and network formation in temporal dynamics that are inaccessible to traditional in vitro cultures. Despite the huge potential of organoids, their application to myelination studies is still in its infancy. In this review, we shall summarize the novel most relevant experimental approaches and their implications for the identification of remyelinating agents for human diseases such as multiple sclerosis.

Astrocyte Glucose Metabolism under Normal and Pathological Conditions in vitro

1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond A. Swanson ◽  
Joel H. Benington
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Pathological Conditions

Abstract 18698: Identification of a Novel Cardiac Progenitor Population Expressing Pw1/peg3 in the Murine Heart

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Yaniz-Galende ◽  
Luigi Formicola ◽  
Nathalie Mougenot ◽  
Lise Legrand ◽  
Jiqiu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Cardiac Regeneration ◽  
Cardiac Repair ◽  
Cardiac Progenitor Cells ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Reporter Mice ◽  
Novel Target

The myocardium responds to injury by recruiting cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) to the injured tissue to promote cardiac repair. Although different classes of CPCs have been identified, their contribution in physiological and pathological conditions remains unclear. PW1 gene has recently been proposed as a marker of resident adult stem and progenitor cell populations in several adult tissues. Our goal was to characterize and determine the role of PW1+ population in the heart. Here, we employ immunostaining and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis in PW1-reporter mouse to perform qualitative and quantitative analyses of PW1+ population in the heart. We first found that PW1+ cells are mainly located in the epicardium and myocardial interstitium of normal hearts. The average percentage of PW1+ cells, as assessed by FACS, was 1.56±1.41%. A subset of PW1+ cells also co-express other CPC markers such as Sca-1 (52±22%) or PDGFR1α (43±14%). In contrast, a very small proportion of PW1+ cells co-express c-kit (6±5%). To investigate the contribution of PW1+ cells in pathological conditions, we then performed myocardial infarction (MI) by LAD ligation in PW1-reporter mice. We found that MI resulted in a 3-fold increase in the number of PW1+ cells in infarcted mice compared with sham-operated groups, at 1 week post-MI (1.16%±0.47% in sham versus 3.43%±0.82 in MI). This population preferentially localized in the injured myocardium and border area. PW1+ cells were isolated by FACS from the whole infarcted heart from PW1-reporter mice. In vitro differentiation assays reveal that purified PW1+ cells are multipotent and can spontaneously differentiate into smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and cardiomyocyte-like cells. Taken together, our data identify a novel PW1+ cardiac progenitor population with the potential to undergo differentiation into multiple cardiac lineages, suggesting their involvement in cardiac repair in normal and pathological conditions. The discovery of a novel population of cardiac progenitor cells, augmented following MI and with cardiogenic potential, provides a novel target for therapeutic approaches aimed at improving cardiac regeneration.

In Vitro Cytotoxic Effects of Extracellular ATP

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Murgia ◽  
Paola Pizzo ◽  
Paola Zanovello ◽  
Annalisa Zambon ◽  
Francesco Di Virgilio
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Mediator ◽  
Extracellular Atp ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Cytotoxic Factor ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Osmotic Lysis ◽  
Additional Role ◽  
Number Of Authors

ATP is released in the body from several cells under various physiological and pathological conditions. A number of authors have postulated a role for extracellular ATP (ATPo) as a neurotransmitter, a secretagogue or an inflammatory mediator. Here, we propose an additional role for ATPo, as a cytotoxic factor, and discuss in vitro experiments showing that this nucleotide causes cell death by two mechanisms: colloido-osmotic lysis and apoptosis.

Cell cycle kinetics in the alveolar epithelium

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (6) ◽  
pp. L1031-L1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Uhal
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial Cell ◽  
Alveolar Epithelium ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Type Ii Cell ◽  
The Relationship

The type II alveolar epithelial cell has important metabolic and biosynthetic functions but also serves as the stem cell of the alveolar epithelium. Much of the evidence underlying this premise was obtained before 1980 and provided the basis for a working model that has not been reconsidered for more than fifteen years. With the exceptions to be discussed below, little evidence has accumulated in the interim to suggest that the model requires significant alteration. Important questions remain unanswered, however, and some components of the model need to be supplemented, particularly in light of recent investigations that have provided insights not possible in earlier work. In particular, in vitro studies have suggested that the relationship between the parent type II cell and its progeny may not be as straightforward as originally thought. In addition, the rate of epithelial cell loss was recognized long ago to be an important factor in the regulation of this system, but its kinetics and mechanisms have received little attention. These and other unresolved issues are critical to our understanding of the homeostasis of the alveolar epithelium under normal and pathological conditions.

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