scholarly journals FATOS ESTILIZADOS E DIÁLOGO PRÓXIMO: METODOLOGIA EM GEOGRAFIA ECONÔMICA

GEOgraphia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (44) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Gordon L. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Economic Geography ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Efficient Markets ◽  
Stylized Facts ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Empirical Observation ◽  
Theoretical Innovation ◽  
Recent Developments

Uma diferença entre os economistas e os geógrafos é o significado atribuído pelos primeiros aos fatos estilizados e o significado bem diferente atribuído pelos últimos à diversidade da vida econômica. Este estudo inicia-se por essa distinção e argumenta que os fatos estilizados subjugados à teoria de Krugman pode empobrecer a inovação teórica na geografia econômica, da mesma forma que a hipótese sobre os mercados eficientes teve consequências dramáticas para a pesquisa econômica. Uma alternativa para a os fatos estilizados subjugados à teoria é sugerida, levando-se em consideração a relação inevitável e contrária existente entre a teoria e a observação empírica. A minha perspectiva filosófica não é nem fundadora e nem pós-moderna, mas é, em vez dessas, uma versão do ceticismo filosófico. Após estudar os avanços mais recentes da geografia econômica, as alegadas virtudes da objetividade e os supostos riscos da subjetividade são desafiados. Nossa hipótese é a de que as ditas virtudes da primeira estejam contaminadas pela crença em um mundo já pronto e estático e que os riscos da segunda sejam exagerados pela crença em uma verdade incontestável. Essa é a base da defesa das virtudes do diálogo próximo na geografia econômica e, em particular, na geografia das finanças.Palavras-chave: Diálogo próximo. Geografia econômica. Economia. Ceticismo. Fatos estilizados.STYLIZED FACTS AND CLOSE DIALOGUE: METHODOLOGY IN ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHYAbstract: One difference between economists and geographers is the significance attached by the former to stylized facts and the very different significance attached by the latter to the diversity of economic life. The paper begins with this distinction and argues that Krugman’s theory-enslaved stylized facts may impoverish theoretical innovation in economic geography just as the efficient-markets hypotheis has had severe consequences for research in finance. An alternative to theory-enslaved stylized facts is suggested, noting the inevitable and antagonistic relationship between theory and empirical observation. My philosophical perspective is neither foundational nor postmodern, but is, rather, a version of philosophical skepticism. Having reviewed recent developments in economic geography, the claimed virtues of objectivity and the supposed dangers of subjectivity are disputed. I suggest that the former is compromised by its reliance upon a ready-made world, while the dangers of the latter are exaggerated by an implied commitment to an uncontested truth. This is the basis for arguing the virtues of close dialogue in economic geography and in the geography of finance in particular. Keywords: Close dialogue. Economic geography. Finance. Skepticism. Stylized facts. HECHOS ESTILIZADOS Y DIALOGO CERCANO: METODOLOGÍA EN GEOGRAFÍA ECONÓMICAResumen: Una diferencia entre los economistas y los geógrafos es el significado atribuido por los primeros a los hechos estilizados y el significado biendiferente atribuido por los últimos a la diversidad de la vida económica. Este estudio se inicia por esa distinción y argumenta que los hechos estilizados subyugados a la teoría de Krugman pueden empobrecer la innovación teórica en la geografía económica, al igual que la hipótesis sobre los mercados eficientes tuvo consecuencias dramáticas para la investigación económica. Una alternativa a los hechos estilizados subyugados a la teoría es sugerida, teniendo en cuenta la relación inevitable y contraria existente entre la teoría y la observación empírica. Mi perspectiva filosófica no es ni fundadora ni postmoderna, pero es, en vez de ellas, una versión del escepticismo filosófico. Después de estudiar los avances más recientes la geografía económica, las supuestas virtudes de la objetividad y los supuestos riesgos de la subjetividad son desafiados. Nuestra hipótesis es que las estas virtudes de la primera están contaminadas por la creencia en un mundo ya listo y estático y que los riesgos de la segunda sean exagerados por la creencia en una verdad incontestable. Esta es la base de la defensa de las virtudes del diálogo cercano en la geografía económica y, en particular, geografía de las finanzas.Palabras-clave: Dialogo cercano. Geografia Económica. Economía. Ceticismo. Hechos estilizados.

Scope and significance of biotechnological improvement of tea

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mainaak Mukhopdhayay, Akan Das Tapan Kumar Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Perennial Crop ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Woody Perennial ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Breeding Programmes

<p>Tea is an important plantation crop of India, which generates huge employment opportunities in rural and hilly backward places.<br />Being a woody perennial crop with an economic life span of more than 60 years, it also has a role in sustaining the ecosystem.<br />Because of its long gestation period, as observed from conventional breeding, alternative methods such as molecular breeding is<br />highly relevant, which is rather limited in tea breeding programmes. Therefore, adoption of biotechnological approaches is a<br />better option to shorten the breeding cycle of tea. Recent developments from the biotechnological research works on tea and<br />related species are summarized in the review.</p>

scholarly journals Neo-Liberal Individualism or Self-Directed Support: Are We All Speaking the Same Language on Modernising Adult Social Care?

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Roulstone ◽  
Hannah Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Social Care ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Adequate Funding ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Day Services ◽  
Liberal Individualism

This article explores recent developments in the modernisation of adult social care through the lens of changes to English day services. Drawing on wider policy debates, it argues that Disabled Peoples' Movement and governmental ideas on self-directed support, although superficially similar, are growing increasingly apart. It is argued that in the absence of adequate funding and exposure to organisations of disabled people, day service recipients risk moving from a position of enforced collectivism to an enforced individualism characteristic of neo-liberal constructions of economic life.

scholarly journals Path Dependence and Local (Self-)Government Systems: A Comparison of three CEE Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-218
Author(s):  
Daniel Klimovský ◽  
Uroš Pinterič ◽  
Petr Jüptner
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Economic Geography ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Set Up

AbstractPath dependence is a concept often used by scholars in fields such as economics, economic geography, political science, law and sociology to explain recent developments. In this article, we apply the concept to support the hypothesis that the democratic revival after 1990 in the examined Central and Eastern European countries and related set-up of local (self-) government institutions were more influenced by an earlier path taken than by a more recent one. For this purpose, we undertake a content analysis of relevant legal documents and apply an in-depth comparative approach.

scholarly journals "Controlling for what?" Folk economics, legal consciousness and the gender wage gap in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hirschman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Occupational Segregation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Stylized Facts ◽  
Made In

Studies of the political power of economic knowledge have tended to foreground the role of causal claims in the form of grand theories or more narrow findings produced by experimental methods. In contrast, scholars have paid relatively little attention to the role of economic experts' descriptions. This article highlights one category of influential, quantitative descriptive claim: stylized facts. Stylized facts are simple empirical regularities in need of explanation. Focusing on the example of the gender wage gap in the United States, this article showcases how stylized facts travel into political debates, and how the choices made in characterizing an aspect of economic life (such as controlling for full-time work, but little else) interact with social movement activism, and folk understandings of economic life shaped by legal consciousness. The gender wage gap was first calculated in the 1950s, but did not take on special importance until the 1960s-1970s when feminists rallied around the statistic as a useful aggregate measure of women's economic disempowerment. Academics soon followed, and sociologists and economists began to publish studies documenting trends in the gap and trying to account for its sources. The comparable worth movement of the 1980s explicitly argued that the wage gap resulted from occupational segregation and the devaluation of women's work. As that movement faltered in the late 1980s, the gender wage gap became increasingly understood through the lens of women's choices and tradeoffs between work and family, and occupational segregation dropped out of the narrative, even as academics documented the persistent importance of segregation in explaining the remaining gap. Throughout this period, the gap was frequently misunderstood or misrepresented as reflecting the narrow sort of same-job, different-pay discrimination made illegal by the 1963 Equal Pay Act, adding confusion to the public debate over women's economic position. These dynamics showcase how technical choices made in the identification of stylized facts, such as statistical controls, are simultaneously deeply political choices.

Inequality in Advanced Economies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Dorling
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Economic Geography ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Income Distributions ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Robust Evidence

Levels of economic inequality differ extensively when comparisons are made between nation states, although, worldwide, inequalities remain highest in the poorest countries. Yet now even some of the wealthiest nations have markedly high levels of income inequality. This chapter concentrates on illustrating this unprecedented, contemporary transformation in income inequalities towards greater geographical variation between affluent countries. In particular, new data analysis included here uncovers significant idiosyncrasies in the income distributions of the UK and USA, as compared with other wealthy countries. Increasingly robust evidence suggests that high and rising inequalities in a few affluent nations have far-reaching implications, and income inequality should be recognized as a source of extensive negative externalities. These recent developments underscore the need for the subdiscipline of economic geography to focus far more on understanding patterns and changes in income inequality within prosperous nations. Thus far, geographers have largely neglected the subject and its consequences.

scholarly journals Recent Developments in Political Geography, I

1935 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Hartshorne
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Economic Geography ◽  
New World ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Cultural Features

The border position of geography between the natural and the social sciences is fairly generally recognized. Concerned primarily with differences in the different areas of the world, geography studies both natural and cultural features. In some universities, it is included among the natural sciences, in others among the social sciences. In England and America, geographers have particularly cultivated that portion of their field which leads naturally into economics, i.e., economic geography. Much less attention has been paid to the relations with history, although various geographers and historians have studied what has variously been called historical geography or geographic history. Even less have geographers in the English-speaking countries concerned themselves with that portion of their subject which bears upon the political areas of the world. The territorial problems of the war and postwar period, however, stimulated activity in this field both in England and America, the most notable product of which is Bowman's The New World, consisting in large part of the materials gathered for the American Commission to the Peace Conference.

Jahrbuch für direkte Demokratie 2020

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Philosophical Perspective ◽  
Direkte Demokratie ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
New Literature

Volume 10 of the Yearbook for Direct Democracy comprises four essays. They deal with direct democracy from a cultural-philosophical perspective, with participation in environmentally relevant projects in Germany, with developments in the European Citizens' Initiative, and with transparency in political financing in Switzerland. Two further contributions report on recent developments in Switzerland and Germany. The overview of case law covers key decisions on direct democracy. Two documentations, a list of new literature and a review make the yearbook complete. With contributions by Prof. Dr. Odile Ammann; Prof. Dr. Nadja Braun Binder, MBA; Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Lars P. Feld; Prof. Dr. Peter M. Huber; Prof. Dr. Matthias Knauff; Eliane Kunz; Liliane Obrecht; Prof. Dr. Arne Pautsch; Prof. Dr. Klaus Poier; Dipl.-pol. Frank Rehmet; Prof. Dr. Andreas Urs Sommer; Prof. Dr. Axel Tschentscher; Prof. Dr. Daniela Winkler and Prof. Dr. Fabian Wittreck.

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