scholarly journals THE MUSEUM-RESERVE AS A CENTER OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN A HISTORIC TOWN (the case of Elabuga State Historical, Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Людмила ТИМОФЕЕВА ◽  
Liudmila TIMOFEEVAa, ◽  
Фирдуас Вагапова ◽  
Firduas Vagapova ◽  
Алиса АХМЕТОВА ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Development ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Business Elite ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
Historic City ◽  
The City

The article discusses the experience of existence the historical cities as centers of tourism development through the example of Elabuga. The Elabuga is one of the historical cities of Russia. A crucial role in the city’s development as a tour-ism center plays Elabuga state historical-architectural and art museum-reserve. The article is focused on the Elabuga as a medium-size historic city. The subject of study is the work of the museum-reserve, contributing to the preservation and development of the city’s historical character and improving its tourist attractiveness. Tourist attraction of the city is determined primarily by the presence of well-preserved historic city center with neighborhoods of holistic development of the XIX century. Elabuga state historical-architectural and art museum-reserve was found in 1989. Currently it is the object of historical and cultural heritage of federal importance. The museums with their large territories and rich historical, cultural and natural heritage have unique resources for the implementation of major partnership projects. Such projects are aimed not only at attracting a wide range of tourists, but also stimulating interest of the business elite, municipal and regional authorities to the reserve. The most famous example is the revival in 2008 of Elabuga Spasskaya fair. It was held in the city since the second half of the XIX century and was widely known throughout Russia. The process of the revival and the successful development of the fair can be seen as the creation of special tourist events, contributing to the creation of new tourism products.

Museum Preserves in the Sphere of “Cultural Tourism”: Through the Example of the Cultural Preserves of Tatarstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Lyudmila S. Timofeeva ◽  
Albina R. Akhmetova ◽  
Liliya R. Galimzyanova ◽  
Roman R. Nizaev ◽  
Svetlana E. Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Business Elite ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Tourist Center ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

Abstract The article studies the existence experience of historical cities as centers of tourism development as in the case of Elabuga. The city of Elabuga is among the historical cities of Russia. The major role in the development of the city as a tourist center is played by the Elabuga State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve. The object of the research in the article is Elabuga as a medium-size historical city. The subject of the research is the activity of the museum-reserve which contributes to the preservation and development of the historical look of Elabuga and increases its attractiveness to tourists. The tourism attractiveness of Elabuga is obtained primarily through the presence of the perfectly preserved historical center of the city with the blocks of integral buildings of the 19th century. The Elabuga State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve, which emerged in 1989, is currently an object of historical and cultural heritage of federal importance. Museum-reserves with their significant territories and rich historical, cultural and natural heritage have unique resources for the implementation of large partnership projects. Such projects are not only aimed at attracting a wide range of tourists, but also stimulate interest in the reserve from the business elite, municipal and regional authorities. The most famous example is the Spasskaya Fair which revived in 2008 in Elabuga. It was held in the city since the second half of the 19th century, and was widely known throughout Russia. The process of the revival and successful development of the fair can be viewed as the creation of a special tourist event contributing to the formation of new and currently important tourism products.

scholarly journals The reform of the system of management of the cities of Galicia in 1889 in the context of regional policy of the Austria-Hungary

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (50) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Serhiy Dobrzhanskyi
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Law ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Special Control

In the article it has been analyzed the specifics of the functioning of self-government bodies of the cities of Galicia in the second half of XIX century. It is proved that the law of 1889 facilitated the formation of elected bodies of self-government. It was indicated that the law of 1889 significantly expanded the rights of urban self-government. Compared to the previous laws (1862 s 1866), which concerned the big cities of Lviv and Krakow, the new law already includes 30 towns.  Particular attention has been focused on functional responsibilities of public council and magistrate. They had the regulatory with supervisory and administrative executive functions respectively. A constant value membership of public council was set at 36, regardless of the number of residents. The head of both organization was burgomaster.  His credentials included: organize the work of the council, sign documents, disciplinary control and representation of the city before the higher authorities.  In return, the regional authorities have supervised that the bodies of self-government have not exceeded powers and has not violated the law. The innovation in 1889 caused by political motives and the need to increase the efficiency of self-governing bodies, elimination of shortcomings in their work. Among them: the fight against the absenteeism and the indifference of elected people, the creation of a managerial hierarchy between the Council and the magistrate, the creation of special control commissions, the audit of municipal finances, and the improvement of clerical management. The changes made it possible to extend the impact of cities on Galicia's socio-economic life. Keywords: Self-government, Magistrate, Burgomaster, Municipal Enterprises.

scholarly journals Residents’ Opinions and Perceptions of Tourism Development in the Historic City of Toledo, Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 3854
Author(s):  
Luis Alfonso Escudero Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Historic Center ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Historic City ◽  
The City ◽  
Historic Cities

Historic centers have become first-line tourist destinations. In order to achieve sustainable development, it is essential to get to know the opinions of the host community on the impact of tourism, the positives, as well as the negatives. This paper aims to understand the residents’ opinions and perceptions of destinations as the historic cities. This research looks into the residents’ opinions on the impact of tourism in the historic city of Toledo, Spain. The results of a quantitative survey among 442 residents in the city of Toledo are presented. The study is a revision of the literature and analysis and explanation of an empiric study’s results. Descriptive statistics have been used, as well as factor analysis and non-parametric tests to analyze data. The main results point out that residents have a positive vision of tourism development, rather than negative. The economic importance of tourism and its ability to create jobs stand out. However, they also think that the historic center is being turned into a museum for tourists. Analyzing their opinions according to certain demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, some major differences come up, such as that the inhabitants of residential areas have a more positive opinion than those who live in the historic center. Understanding the perspective of the residents can help the managers and planners of the tourism in the city to play down the potential negative impact of tourism and to achieve support from the host community in regards to tourism.

TRENDS IN THE DESIGN AND BUILDING OF LVIV IN THE XIX-EARLY XX CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Silnyk O ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Qualitative State ◽  
Practical Factors ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Historical Past ◽  
The City

The central part of Lviv was formed over several centuries and in several stages. Favourable demographic, economic and political prerequisites in the XIX-XX centuries positively influenced the quantitative and qualitative state of urban homes. Demolition of defensive walls, the formation of a new citywide centre, measures to improve the central part of the city, regulate the street network, and increase the population are the main factors that underlie the planning and development of the city. The city was actively built up. Most of the houses were profitable. These are buildings that brought profit to their owners through rented premises and commercial parterre floors. The modern architecture of Lviv is developing under the influence of tourist infrastructure and the ordinary household needs of Lviv residents. The urban space of the central part of modern Lviv needs to be regularly updated to perform functions that are dictated by time. It is also important to preserve the existing historical centre that attracts tourists, represents the historical value and pride of the country. Professional implementation of projects requires a detailed study and analysis of the existing architecture. Since the second half of the XIX century, the development of houses parallel to the main roads of the city became popular. Dense buildings spread in concentric circles from the city centre and gradually replaced low-rise buildings in the peripheral part of the city. During this period, housing construction is carried out on a large scale. These are mostly two- or three-story houses, often with a courtyard. The size and configuration of the houses were dictated by technical capabilities, existing buildings and streets. The sites often had a complex shape, the development was carried out already in the conditions of reconstruction, which significantly complicated the solution of new projects. The houses had rectangular forms of plans, the dimensions of which averaged 400 m2 until the end of the XIX century. During the twentieth century, slightly larger plots – 570 m2 – were already allocated for construction. The built-up area on the plots ranged from 30 to 87 per cent. The density of buildings was dictated by both economic and practical factors that are relevant even today. The houses were distinguished by interesting planning solutions with a thorough set of architectural details both in the exterior and in the interior. The range of rooms includes dining rooms, offices, boudoirs, bathrooms, corridors and storerooms. During the nineteenth century, in the decisions of facades dominated Italian neo-Renaissance and neo-Baroque; in the twentieth century – secession. The style solution was based on the choice of details that were prototypes of classical architectural images. The architecture of Lviv of the XIX-XX centuries represents a wide range of artistic interpretations. The study of houses built during this period reveals both their development and the transformation of spatial planning, compositional and stylistic solutions. The necessary formative periods of historicism opened up new angles for the development of subsequent stylistic trends in the following years. The experience of architects, which is connected with the historical past of Lviv, testifies to the significant importance and place of the architecture of the XIX-XX centuries for the further development and development of the city.

scholarly journals EVOLUTION OF THE PRE-REGULAR SPATIAL AND PLANNING STRUCTURE OF THE TOWN OF TOTMA

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
Alena V. SIDOROVA
Keyword(s):  
The Creation ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
The Church

The article is devoted to the pre-regular period of evolution of the planning structure of the town of Totma in the period from the second half of the XV to the beginning of the XIX century. Based on the sources, the main prerequisites and factors for the formation of a pre-regular town layout are considered, and the main stages are highlighted. The emergence and development of the city’s religious centers and the features of the pre-regional planting structure in accordance with the gradual formation of the city’s territory have been analyzed. The characteristic features of the architecture of the church complexes of the city and the creation of a panorama at diff erent stages of the existence of the city of Totma have been studied. The panoramas of the city from the river, the staging of the city’s temples on the relief are analyzed.

scholarly journals Smallpox Mortality in a Ural City (with Reference to Early 20th-Century Yekaterinburg)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-267
Author(s):  
Iulia V. Borovik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Smallpox Vaccination ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Creation ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Medical Infrastructure ◽  
The City ◽  
Central Urals

Smallpox has long been among the infections causing colossal fatalities in epidemics. The creation of a smallpox vaccine in the late eighteenth century helped improve the situation significantly. However, due to a wide range of reasons, some of which were common for many states and some reflected the country’s specificity, it took almost two centuries to introduce vaccination and combat the disease. This time was required not only for the creation of medical structures that provided smallpox vaccination. A considerable obstacle was the prejudice against medical intervention shared by many people, and relative control over the disease was gained only after fear was replaced by an understanding of necessity and appropriateness. High mortality was connected both with health care issues and the existing system of values which was changing more dynamically in cities. This article is devoted to the situation with mortality from smallpox in the early twentieth century in Yekaterinburg, a large commercial, industrial, transport, administrative, and cultural centre of the Central Urals with a population of diverse confessions. The source of data for statistical analysis is registers of city parishes of all religious denominations in the city. The author mostly focuses on three denominations, i.e. Orthodox Christians, Old Believers, and Muslims. The analysis reveals the dependence of mortality of the people’s religion and migration statuses. The results of the research testify to the fact that the medical infrastructure and the level of anti-smallpox measures were effective and helped maintain control over the disease and prevent epidemics of smallpox despite the intense influx of migrants to the city from places where acknowledgement of the need for vaccination was lower and opportunities to carry it out were scarcer.

Overcoming Obstacles

2017 ◽  
pp. 412-433
Author(s):  
Emília Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Public Art ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

After several failures in the artistic education in Portugal, throughout the 18th century, the 19th century was still to bring a few setbacks. Social and political upheavals marked the first years of the century, with the invasions of Napoleonic armies and the civil war. In this chapter I will tell the history of the birth of the first public art museum, created in Porto in 1833. The meeting of the future king D. Pedro IV and the artist Baptista Ribeiro was about to make history. Indeed, when Baptista Ribeiro delivered the prince a report on the need to create a public art museum in the city, the prince couldn't be happier. He then invited Baptista Ribeiro to organize it, giving all his support to the creation of the first public art museum in the nation. It would, in fact, take more than a 100 years to match the dream of its first director. But in the meantime, it surely achieved more than he could expect.

scholarly journals Evolution of models of disability as a basis for further policy changes in accessible tourism

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Zajadacz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Model ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a critical analysis of the disability models developed to date and of how they function in practice. Furthermore, it aims to answer the following question: which model of disability (MD) will provide the most suitable foundation for any course of action undertaken in the process of planning accessible tourism development in the future? Design/methodology/approach In the first stage of the study a critical analysis of the MDs described in the literature as well as in selected reports and expert opinions relating to people with disability (PwD) was performer. These findings then became the basis for the second stage of the study which focuses on identifying attitudes within society towards the types of tourism on offer connected to the analysed MDs. The applied research methods include an analysis of a survey (2013, 2014) carried out face-to-face and on the SurveyMonkey web site. The study group consisted of 619 people (from Poland, Russia, Germany, Portugal, Slovakia, Canada, Tunisia and Great Britain). Findings The great diversity of disabilities makes finding a universal solution in the creation of accessible tourism supply a complex task. This supports the need for a flexible “mix of various models” aimed at finding optimal solutions and the personalisation of tourism. In this context the greatest potential in the development of accessible tourism are models which are a synthesis of many determiners of disability such as the biopsychosocial or the geographical model of disability. The dynamics of accessible tourism development is likely to be increasingly influenced by the economic model, reflecting current trends for the personalisation of tourism supply. Research limitations/implications The survey was carried out mainly within the European Community, the exception being respondents from Irkutsk in eastern (Asian) Russia. In order to gain a global view of the development of accessible tourism, research should be performed in countries representing all continents or tourist regions. Additionally, reflecting the definition of accessible tourism its beneficiaries – PwD – should participate in decision-making processes. Tourism service providers who are directly engaged in tourism supply also have a role to play. Their opinions and attitudes towards the development of accessible tourism determine its very nature in reality. Practical implications The survey on attitudes in society regarding the organisation of tourist trips for PwD confirmed conclusions from the analysis of the practical implications of various disability models in the creation of tourism supply that a single universal, optimal solution does not exist. All of the described MD can be applied in the development of a diverse tourism supply. The proposed model “diversification of supply […]” is the theoretical basis for the conscious development of accessible tourism in practice which in accordance with changes observed in the tourism market is undergoing increasing diversification and personalisation. Social implications In each of the tourism supply for PwD types the economic model of disability based on the identification of PwD needs and surrounding society is important. The number of PwD and the scope of necessary services, social support (PwD often travel accompanied by one to three people) is determined by income in all the sectors identified in the structure of tourism supply. From the economic point of view, awareness of different types of disability and the diverse models describing it are significant aids in the segmentation of tourism supply and placement of products accessible to PwD on the tourism market. Originality/value The paper presents a new, critical perspective on the selected MD, the key to which is the search for optimal solutions in the development of accessible tourism. The analysis performed indicated the need for a synthesis of paradigms at the core of the conceptualisation of particular models, including those often regarded as being contrary (medical and social). The results of studies would give tourism providers important data on an increasingly competitive tourism market, and also affect changes in how PwD, the elderly, are viewed, from the category of “relatively poor” to “attractive, using a wide range of services”.

Death in the City

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A. Sloan
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Violent Death ◽  
Special Relationship ◽  
Intimate Friend ◽  
Counter Narrative ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
European Heritage ◽  
The City ◽  
The Temple

Popular culture has long conflated Mexico with the macabre. Some persuasive intellectuals argue that Mexicans have a special relationship with death, formed in the crucible of their hybrid Aztec-European heritage. Death is their intimate friend; death is mocked and accepted with irony and fatalistic abandon. The commonplace nature of death desensitizes Mexicans to suffering. Death, simply put, defines Mexico. There must have been historical actors who looked away from human misery, but to essentialize a diverse group of people as possessing a unique death cult delights those who want to see the exotic in Mexico or distinguish that society from its peers. Examining tragic and untimely death—namely self-annihilation—reveals a counter narrative. What could be more chilling than suicide, especially the violent death of the young? What desperation or madness pushed the victim to raise the gun to the temple or slip the noose around the neck? A close examination of a wide range of twentieth-century historical documents proves that Mexicans did not accept death with a cavalier chuckle nor develop a unique death cult, for that matter. Quite the reverse, Mexicans behaved just as their contemporaries did in Austria, France, England, and the United States. They devoted scientific inquiry to the malady and mourned the loss of each life to suicide.

Regeneration of a historic city block: the example of the relocation of the historic Atelier building to the cloister area of the Congregation of the Resurrection in Krakow

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogusław Podhalański ◽  
Anna Połtowicz
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
City Block ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Heritage Building ◽  
Historic City ◽  
The City

Abstract The article discusses a project that features the relocation of the historic Atelier building, built by Krakow-based architect Wandalin Beringer (1839–1923) who was active in the early twentieth century, and the regeneration of a plot belonging to the Congregation of the Resurrection since 1885, which is located at 12 Łobzowska Street in Krakow. The method includes cutting the entire structure off at the foundation and then after reinforcing it with a steel structure transporting it in its entirety to the new location. The project included two possible variants of moving the building in a straight line, either by 21 or 59 metres and evaluates two projects of further regeneration, the adaptive reuse of the building as an exhibition and religious space as well as a proposal for the remodelling of the nearby plot that belongs to the Congregation into a space for meditation and as a recreational park. The aim of these measures is to prevent the demolition of this building, now over a century old, as a result of which a forgotten element of the cultural heritage of the city will be saved. This project was based on the results of analyses of the cultural and historical conditions of Krakow. The block of buildings in which the Atelier in question is located is a very attractive location, near to the very centre of Krakow, adjacent to residential, service and educational buildings. It is directly adjacent to the Monastery Complex of the Congregation of the Resurrection, listed as a heritage building under conservation protection (municipal registry of heritage buildings). In the second half of the twentieth century, the building was used as a workroom by artists such as Xawery Dunikowski and later by the sculptress Teodora Stasiak. The case of the Atelier may provide an inspiration for discussion as well as raising awareness among citizens and city authorities to avoid future situations in which cultural heritage may become forgotten or demolished.

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