scholarly journals Molecular Detection Mutation of rpoB Gene Mycobacterium leprae in Relapse and Default of Leprosy Patient in Jayapura City, Papua

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Yustinus Maladan ◽  
C. S. Whinie Lestari ◽  
Ratna Tanjung ◽  
Vatim Dwi Cahyani ◽  
Muhammad Fajri Rokhmad
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Rpob Gene ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Leprosy Patient ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sequences Analysis ◽  
Pcr Method

Abstrak Latar belakang: Lepra masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Papua terutama di Kota Jayapura.Banyaknya kasus relaps dan default juga menjadi tantangan dalam eliminasi lepra di Jayapura. Kasusrelaps dan riwayat default pada beberapa penelitian berkaitan dengan resistensi terhadap multi drugtreatment (MDT). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeteksi keberadaan mutasi gen rpoB M. leprae padapasien relaps, default dan pasein yang kurang peka terhadap terapi MDT di Kota Jayapura. Metode: Sampel diperoleh dari pasien yang terdiagnosis lepra dengan kriteria pasien relaps, default danpasien yang terus bergejala setelah terapi MDT sebanyak 34 sampel. Sampel diambil dalam bentuk insisikulit (skin silt) daun telinga. DNA diekstraksi dengan menggunakan kit Qiagen. Gen rpoB diamplifikasimelalui teknik PCR dan analisis nukleotida dilakukan melalui sekuensing. Analisis mutasi dilakukanmelalui BLAST dengan basis data GenBank. Hasil: Sebanyak 34 sampel yang diperiksa, 9 diantaranya positif BTA sedangkan 25 yang lainnya negatifBTA. Pada hasil PCR, sampel yang berhasil teramplifikasi sebanyak 31 sampel, dan 3 sampel tidakteramplifikasi. Hasil BLAST menunjukkan bahwa tidak ditemukan adanya mutasi pada gen rpoB yangdapat menyebabkan resistensi terhadap rifampisin. Kesimpulan: Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah gen rpoB Mycobacterium leprae asal Jayapuratidak mengandung mutasi yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya resistensi terhadap rifampisin. Dengandemikian rifampisin masih sensitif untuk pengobatan lepra di Kota Jayapura. Kata kunci: Lepra, gen rpoB, rifampisin, Mycobacterium leprae. AbstractBackground: Leprosy remains a prominent health problem in Papua especially in Jayapura City. Numerouscases of relapse and default are also challenges in leprosy elimination in Jayapura. Studies in Relapsecases and history of defaults revealed some resistance related to multi-drug treatment (MDT). The purposeof this study was to detect the presence of mutation in rpoB M. leprae gene in patient relapse, default andpatients who are less sensitive to MDT therapy in Jayapura City. Method: Samples were obtained from patients diagnosed with leprosy with criteria of relapse, defaultand symptomatic patients after receiving MDT therapy. A total of 34 samples were taken in the form ofskin incision (skin silt) of the earlobe. DNA was extracted using Qiagen kit. rpoB gene from extractedDNA was amplified through PCR method followed by nucleotide sequences. Analysis of mutation waselaborated using BLAST according to GenBank database. Result: 34 samples were examined, and 9 were positive for Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN)staining, while the 25 werenegative. In the PCR results, the samples that successfully amplified were 31 samples, and 3 samples werenot amplified. The results of BLAST indicated that no mutations in the rpoB gene found in which able toinitiate resistance to rifampicin. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is the rpoB Mycobacterium leprae gene from Jayapura did notcontain any mutations that could trigger resistance to rifampicin. Thus rifampicin is still sensitive forleprosy treatment in Jayapura City. Keywords: Leprosy, rpoB gene, rifampicin, Mycobacterium leprae

PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM IN THE HISTORY OF RUSSIAN SOCIOLOGY

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
I.E. Levchenko ◽  
◽  
A.Y. Kuznetsov ◽  
E.G. Korniltseva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
History Of

Recent Advancement in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Leprosy

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 1550-1558
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aamir ◽  
Asma Sadaf ◽  
Sehroon Khan ◽  
Shagufta Perveen ◽  
Afsar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Specific Drug ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Skin Biopsies

Background: Many of the tropical diseases are neglected by the researchers and medicinal companies due to lack of profit and other interests. The Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) is established to overcome the problems associated with these neglected diseases. According to a report published by the WHO, leprosy (Hansen's disease) is also a neglected infectious disease. Methods: A negligible amount of advancements has been made in last few decades which includes the tools of diagnosis, causes, treatment, and genetic studies of the bacterium (Mycobacterium leprae) that causes leprosy. The diagnosis of leprosy at earlier stages is important for its effective treatment. Recent studies on vitamin D and its receptors make leprosy diagnosis easier at earlier stages. Skin biopsies and qPCR are the other tools to identify the disease at its initial stages. Results: Until now a specific drug for the treatment of leprosy is not available, therefore, Multi-Drug Therapy (MDT) is used, which is hazardous to health. Besides Mycobacterium leprae, recently a new bacterium Mycobacterium lepromatosis was also identified as a cause of leprosy. During the last few years the genetic studies of Mycobacterium leprae, the role of vitamin D and vitamin D receptors (VDR), and the skin biopsies made the treatment and diagnosis of leprosy easier at early stages. The studies of micro RNAs (miRNAs) made it easy to differentiate leprosy from other diseases especially from tuberculosis. Conclusion: Leprosy can be distinguished from sarcoidosis by quantitative study of reticulin fibers present in skin. The treatment used until now for leprosy is multi-drug treatment. The complete genome identification of Mycobacterium leprae makes the research easy to develop target specified drugs for leprosy. Rifampicin, identified as a potent drug, along with other drugs in uniform multi-drug treatment, has a significant effect when given to leprosy patients at initial stages. These are effective treatments but a specific drug for leprosy is still needed to be identified. The current review highlights the use of modern methods for the identification of leprosy at its earlier stages and the effective use of drugs alone as well as in combination.

Prevalence of Depression and Associated factors among Secondary School Teachers in Al-Madinah City, KSA (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Alqahtani Sr
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Secondary School Teachers ◽  
Minor Depression ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Care Clinics ◽  
Post Natal Depression ◽  
Sample Technique ◽  
History Of

BACKGROUND Depression is the most common psychiatric condition seen in primary health care clinics. On the other hand, teaching is one of the most stressful jobs. The aim was to determine prevalence and correlates of depression among secondary school teachers in Al-Madinah city. OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to explore the extent of depression as a health problem among secondary school teachers in Al-Madinah city. METHODS A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on a representative sample of secondary school teachers of both genders in Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah city. A Multistage cluster sample technique was implemented to recruit the participants. The data were collected using a self-administered PHQ-9 depression questionnaire. RESULTS The study included 297 teachers. More than half of them (54.2%) were males and the vast majority (97.6%) were Saudis. Major depression, based on PHQ-9 depression questionnaire was reported among 8.4% of the participants whereas minor depression was reported among 14.1% of them. Among the studied habitual factors, the smoking of Shisha and non-practicing of physical exercise were significantly associated with depression among teachers. Regarding obstetric and gynecological factors, female teachers with history of post-natal depression were more likely to have major and minor depression features than those without such history, p=0.017. CONCLUSIONS Depression is a common health problem among secondary school teachers in Al-Madinah city affecting almost one quarter of them. Familial instability, shisha smoking, physical inactivity, heavy teaching load and deficiency of educational competencies are strongly correlated with depression. Further studies are needed to explore the extent of the problem among teachers at different levels of teaching and in other regions of the country.

scholarly journals Two New Haplotypes of Bartonella sp. Isolated from Lipoptena fortisetosa (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) in SE Poland

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Bartosik ◽  
Weronika Maślanko ◽  
Alicja Buczek ◽  
Marek Asman ◽  
Joanna Witecka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rpob Gene ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
The Subject

Insects of the genus Lipoptena are parasitic arthropods with a broad host range. Due to the type of parasitism (hematophagy), their potential role as vectors of pathogens, i.e., Bartonella sp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Rickettsia spp., and Borrelia burgdorferi is considered. As the range of their occurrence has been changing dynamically in recent years and infestations of humans have increasingly been reported, these organisms are now the subject of numerous studies. Our research aimed to present the molecular characteristics of Bartonella sp. detected in Lipoptena fortisetosa parasitizing wild cervids in south-eastern Poland. Adults of Lipoptena spp. were collected from carcasses of roe deer and red deer between spring and autumn in 2013. The PCR method was used to detect Bartonella sp. in the insects. We report two new haplotypes of the rpoB gene of Bartonella sp. isolated from L. fortisetosa feeding on wild cervids in south-eastern Poland and the presence of this invasive ectoparasitic species in the studied area since 2013. Phylogenetic analyses of newly obtained Bartonella sp. haplotypes confirmed their unique position on the constructed tree and network topology. The rpoB gene sequences found belonging to lineage B support the view that this phylogenetic lineage represents a novel Bartonella species.

Heterogeneity of reasons for attendance in frequent attenders of emergency departments and its relationship to future attendance

2021 ◽  
pp. emermed-2020-210412
Author(s):  
Richard Hotham ◽  
Colin O'Keeffe ◽  
Tony Stone ◽  
Suzanne M Mason ◽  
Christopher Burton
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Emergency Care ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Frequent Attenders ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ed Visits

BackgroundEDs globally are under increasing pressure through rising demand. Frequent attenders are known to have complex health needs and use a disproportionate amount of resources. We hypothesised that heterogeneity of patients’ reason for attendance would be associated with multimorbidity and increasing age, and predict future attendance.MethodWe analysed an anonymised dataset of all ED visits over the course of 2014 in Yorkshire, UK. We identified 15 986 patients who had five or more ED encounters at any ED in the calendar year. Presenting complaint was categorised into one of 14 categories based on the Emergency Care Data Set (ECDS). We calculated measures of heterogeneity (count of ECDs categories and entropy of categories) and examined their relationship to total number of ED visits and to patient characteristics. We examined the predictive value of these and other features on future attendance.ResultsMost frequent attenders had more than one presenting complaint type. Heterogeneity increased with number of attendances, but heterogeneity adjusted for number of attendances did not vary substantially with age or sex. Heterogeneity was associated with the presence of one or more contacts for a mental health problem. For a given number of attendances, prior mental health contact but not heterogeneity was associated with further attendance.ConclusionsHeterogeneity of presenting complaint can be quantified and analysed for ED use: it is increased where there is a history of mental disorder but not with age. This suggests it reflects more than the number of medical conditions.

scholarly journals Identification of the Trichinella species by PCR method

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Sasa Vasilev ◽  
Jelena Cvetkovic ◽  
Ivana Radovic ◽  
Ljiljana Sofronic-Milosavljevic
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Sylvatic Cycle ◽  
Trichinella Infection ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Pig Meat

Serbia is country with a high prevalence of Trichinella infection in pigs, which continues to be a serious human health problem. In Serbia, only a few isolates of Trichinella found in pork have been genetically specified to date, and all were proven as T. spiralis. New data shows that in the sylvatic cycle in Serbia, at least in the Belgrade district, more than one Trichinella species co-exist (T. spiralis and T. britovi). Increased awareness of the possible overlap among sylvatic and domestic Trichinella cycles indicates the need for continuous monitoring of Trichinella species circulation and strongly points to the need that all isolates of Trichinella found in meat for human consumption should be subject to a determination of the Trichinella species (due to the risk of transmission of infection with T. britovi to domestic pigs and humans). This is why we examined using PCR the Trichinella larvae found in pig meat that caused a human outbreak (Trichinella infection) in Grocka (Belgrade district) during February 2011. The isolated larvae belonged to T. spiralis.

scholarly journals Frequency of Herpes Virus (HSV) in Esophageal Muscle Samples among Patients with Achalasia under Heller Myotomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahmaseb Jouzdani ◽  
Amir Sadeghi ◽  
Hamed Tahmasbi ◽  
Ramin Shekouhi ◽  
Maryam Sohooli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Viral Agent ◽  
Heller’S Myotomy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Heller's Myotomy ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Herpès Virus ◽  
Esophageal Muscle ◽  
Hsv 1

Abstract Background Despite years of research, the etiology of achalasia not well understood. Scientists suppose a role for autoimmunity, in this disorder, and probable viral agent, such as herpes virus (HSV). The aim was to find out the frequency of HSV in esophageal muscle samples in patients with achalasia under Heller's myotomy. Methods In this study, 60 patients with achalasia, after fulfilling the consent form, were underwent Heller’s myotomy surgery. Biopsy samples prepared for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for HSV DNA detection. After DNA-extraction, replication performed using specific primers. Results The mean age was 40.62 ± 5.08 years. Thirty-nine patients (65%) were female and 21 (35%) were male. Thirty-eight (63.3%) had no history but the else (36.7%) had a positive history of HSV. HSV-1 was positive in three patients (5%). Two females and one male were HSV-positive. Conclusions HSV-1 frequency is not notable among Iranian patients with achalasia. We suggest exploring other viruses, in special that involving the pathogenesis of achalasia, with a larger sample size.

scholarly journals A comparative study of Centchroman, Tamoxifen and Danazol in management of cyclical mastalgia

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 365
Author(s):  
Probal Neogi ◽  
Soumitra Manwatkar ◽  
Santosh Kumar Singh ◽  
Anish Kola ◽  
Qazi Imran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Visual Analogue Score ◽  
Tamoxifen Group ◽  
Topical Analgesics ◽  
Lifestyle Measures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Cyclical Mastalgia

Background: Mastalgia is a common problem and 60-70% women encounter it at least once in their lifetime. Many drugs have been used and are been used with varying response, like Tamoxifen, Danazol, primrose oil, topical analgesics and recently Centchroman. The objective of the present study was to compare the three most commonly used drugs in the treatment of mastalgia, namely Centchroman, Tamoxifen and Danazol with a placebo.Methods: All consecutive female patients more than 25 years of age with history of mastalgia for more than 3 months were taken up for the study. Patients were distributed into four groups and administered Centchroman, danazol, tamoxifen and placebo, respectively.Results: In present study of 78 patients, the median visual analogue score (VAS) in Centchroman group were 3, 1 and 3 after treatment of 4, 12 and 24 weeks, respectively with a pre-treatment VAS of 8. Similarly, in the danazol group, VAS at 4, 12 and 24 weeks were 4, 1.5 and 5, respectively. In the Tamoxifen group it was 4, 1 and 3 after treatment for 4, 12 and 24 weeks. On comparison, Centchroman and Tamoxifen both had better pain relief than danazol at 24 weeks (p <0.001) while Centchroman and Tamoxifen had comparable results (p >0.05) despite Centchroman having a lower mean VAS score.Conclusions: Mild cyclical mastalgia can be treated with reassurance and lifestyle measures. Moderate to severe mastalgia usually require drug treatment. Centchroman, Danazol and Tamoxifen are effective. Centchroman appears to have better pain relief relative to the rest.

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