Material Contact and Environmental Effects on Vitamin A Fortified Vegetable Frying Oil

Observations about the impact of environmental parameters and time, on fortified vegetable oil, using typical commercial grade linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) packaging during typical shelf-life conditions, are minimal. We tested the long-term (12 months) impact of temperature and illuminance (light: 100 to 150 lux and darkness <1 lux) on refined bleached deodorized palm olein (RBDPOL), fortified with vitamin A, and without antioxidant. Results showed degradation of fortified RBDPOL with 70 ppm vitamin A was approximately 19% at 18-22oC in Light, 18% at 18-22oC in Darkness, 38% at 32-33oC in light and 24% 32-33oC in darkness. A similar trend was observed at 45 ppm vitamin A. Exposure to both heat and light impacted vitamin A degradation, but was primarily attributed to prolonged exposure at elevated temperature, irrespective of the packaging material. This short study validates extensive research by Silalahi et al., (2017), doi:10.1111/ijfs.13462 on the impact of environmental effects of fortified vegetable frying oil, during extensive storage life periods.

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The Environmental effects on fortified palm olein in the Anthropocene

Indonesian Food Science and Technology Journal ◽

10.22437/ifstj.v2i1.6421 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 21-25

Author(s):

Adia Nuraga Galih Pradipta ◽

Sukmo Wening Andayani ◽

Dewi Yulyianti ◽

Latifun Jayanti ◽

Dewi Kristina Natalia Silalahi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Shelf Life ◽

Palm Olein ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Long Time ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

The Impact

Until now, no literature exists to explain about the impact of time, and environmental parameters, when using typical commercial grade transparent linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) packaging for protecting vegetable cooking oil during typical shelf-life conditions. We tested long-term impact of temperature and illuminance (light: 100 to 150 lux and darkness <1 lux) on refined bleached deodorized palm olein (RBDPOL), fortified with vitamin A. Results showed degradation of fortified RBDPOL with 70 ppm vitamin A was approximately 15% at 18-22oC in Light, 10% at 18-22oC in Darkness, 19% at 32-33oC in light and 17% 32-33oC in darkness. Similar trend was observed at 45 ppm vitamin A. Exposure to heat and light impacted vitamin A degradation, but is primarily attributed to temperature, irrespective of packaging. This investigation builds on our previous work (Silalahi et al., 2017), and confirms the impact of challenging environmental conditions on vegetable cooking oil shelf-life over long time periods.

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Predicting pre-Columbian anthropogenic soils in Amazonia

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2013.2475 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 281 (1777) ◽

pp. 20132475 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

C. H. McMichael ◽

M. W. Palace ◽

M. B. Bush ◽

B. Braswell ◽

S. Hagen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Site Fidelity ◽

Forest Canopy ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Soil Characteristics ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Anthropogenic Soils ◽

Terra Preta ◽

The Impact ◽

Lowland Amazonia

The extent and intensity of pre-Columbian impacts on lowland Amazonia have remained uncertain and controversial. Various indicators can be used to gauge the impact of pre-Columbian societies, but the formation of nutrient-enriched terra preta soils has been widely accepted as an indication of long-term settlement and site fidelity. Using known and newly discovered terra preta sites and maximum entropy algorithms (Maxent), we determined the influence of regional environmental conditions on the likelihood that terra pretas would have been formed at any given location in lowland Amazonia. Terra pretas were most frequently found in central and eastern Amazonia along the lower courses of the major Amazonian rivers. Terrain, hydrologic and soil characteristics were more important predictors of terra preta distributions than climatic conditions. Our modelling efforts indicated that terra pretas are likely to be found throughout ca 154 063 km 2 or 3.2% of the forest. We also predict that terra preta formation was limited in most of western Amazonia. Model results suggested that the distribution of terra preta was highly predictable based on environmental parameters. We provided targets for future archaeological surveys under the vast forest canopy and also highlighted how few of the long-term forest inventory sites in Amazonia are able to capture the effects of historical disturbance.

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Multivariate benthic ecosystem functioning in the Arctic – benthic fluxes explained by environmental parameters in the southeastern Beaufort Sea

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-10-5911-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 5911-5929 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

H. Link ◽

G. Chaillou ◽

A. Forest ◽

D. Piepenburg ◽

P. Archambault

Keyword(s):

Environmental Variability ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

The Arctic ◽

Sediment Surface ◽

Benthic Fluxes ◽

Short Term ◽

Chl A ◽

Water Oxygen ◽

The Impact

Abstract. The effects of climate change on Arctic marine ecosystems and their biogeochemical cycles are difficult to predict given the complex physical, biological and chemical interactions among the ecosystem components. We studied benthic biogeochemical fluxes in the Arctic and the influence of short-term (seasonal to annual), long-term (annual to decadal) and other environmental variability on their spatial distribution to provide a baseline for estimates of the impact of future changes. In summer 2009, we measured fluxes of dissolved oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, soluble reactive phosphate and silicic acid at the sediment–water interface at eight sites in the southeastern Beaufort Sea at water depths from 45 to 580 m. The spatial pattern of the measured benthic boundary fluxes was heterogeneous. Multivariate analysis of flux data showed that no single or reduced combination of fluxes could explain the majority of spatial variation, indicating that oxygen flux is not representative of other nutrient sink–source dynamics. We tested the influence of eight environmental parameters on single benthic fluxes. Short-term environmental parameters (sinking flux of particulate organic carbon above the bottom, sediment surface Chl a) were most important for explaining oxygen, ammonium and nitrate fluxes. Long-term parameters (porosity, surface manganese and iron concentration, bottom water oxygen concentrations) together with δ13Corg signature explained most of the spatial variation in phosphate, nitrate and nitrite fluxes. Variation in pigments at the sediment surface was most important to explain variation in fluxes of silicic acid. In a model including all fluxes synchronously, the overall spatial distribution could be best explained (57%) by the combination of sediment Chl a, phaeopigments, δ13Corg, surficial manganese and bottom water oxygen concentration. We conclude that it is necessary to consider long-term environmental variability along with rapidly ongoing environmental changes to predict the flux of oxygen and nutrients across Arctic sediments even at short timescales. Our results contribute to improve ecological models predicting the impact of climate change on the functioning of marine ecosystems.

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Multivariate benthic ecosystem functioning in the Arctic – benthic fluxes explained by environmental parameters in the southeastern Beaufort Sea

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-9-16933-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 16933-16976 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. Link ◽

G. Chaillou ◽

A. Forest ◽

D. Piepenburg ◽

P. Archambault

Keyword(s):

Spatial Variation ◽

Bottom Water ◽

Environmental Variability ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

The Arctic ◽

Benthic Fluxes ◽

Short Term ◽

Water Oxygen ◽

The Impact

Abstract. The effects of climate change on Arctic marine ecosystems and their biogeochemical cycles are difficult to predict given the complex physical, biological and chemical interactions among the ecosystem components. To predict the impact of future changes on benthic biogeochemical fluxes in the Arctic, it is important to understand the influence of short-term (seasonal to annual), long-term (annual to decadal) and other environmental variability on their spatial distribution. In summer 2009, we measured fluxes of dissolved oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, soluble reactive phosphate and silicic acid at the sediment-water interface at eight sites in the southeastern Beaufort Sea at water depths from 45 to 580 m to address the following question and hypotheses using a statistical approach: (1) What is the spatial variation of benthic boundary fluxes (sink and source)? (2) The classical proxy of benthic activity, oxygen flux, does not determine overall spatial variation in fluxes. (3) A different combination of environmental conditions that vary either on a long-term (decadal) or short-term (seasonal to annual) scale determine each single flux. And (4) A combination of environmental conditions varying on the short and long-term scale drive the overall spatial variation in benthic boundary fluxes. The spatial pattern of the measured benthic boundary fluxes was heterogeneous. Multivariate analysis of flux data showed that no single or reduced combination of fluxes could explain the majority of spatial variation. We tested the influence of eight environmental parameters: sinking flux of particulate organic carbon above the bottom, sediment surface Chl a (both short-term), porosity, surface manganese and iron concentration, bottom water oxygen concentrations (all long-term), phaeopigments (intermediate-term influence) and Δ13Corg (terrestrial influence) on benthic fluxes. Short-term environmental parameters were most important for explaining oxygen, ammonium and nitrate fluxes. Long-term parameters together with Δ13Corg signature explained most of the spatial variation in phosphate, nitrate and nitrite fluxes. Sediment pigments and Δ13Corg levels in surficial sediments were most important to explain fluxes of silicic acid. The overall spatial distribution of fluxes could be best explained (57%) by the combination of sediment Chla, phaeopigments, Δ13Corg, surficial manganese and bottom water oxygen concentration. We conclude that it is necessary to consider long-term environmental variability in the prediction of the impact of ongoing short-term environmental changes on the flux of oxygen and nutrients in Arctic sediments. Our results contribute to improve ecological models predicting the impact if climate change on the functioning of marine ecosystems.

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Exploring the relationship between static fishing gear, fishing effort, and benthic biodiversity: a systematic review protocol

Environmental Evidence ◽

10.1186/s13750-021-00242-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hannah Fennell ◽

Marija Sciberras ◽

Jan Geert Hiddink ◽

Michel J. Kaiser ◽

Eric Gilman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Research Question ◽

Reference Points ◽

Community Diversity ◽

Fishing Gear ◽

Study Results ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background and objectives The environmental effects of static gear fishing include habitat-level effects such as permanent changes to the physical environment and the structure of the benthic and epibenthic communities. Ecosystems subjected to prolonged exposure to pressure from static gear may undergo permanent changes and may never regain their prior ‘unfished’ state even if the fishing pressure is removed entirely. These long-term changes to physical structure of benthic habitats have implications for benthic biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Despite this, the understanding of habitat and static fishing gear interactions is limited- with most studies focusing on the impact of mobile fishing gear. The rise of ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM), where managers and decision-makers manage target species within their environmental context while protecting essential ecosystem services and components, has led to an increased demand for ecosystem-level reference points. A systematic review could provide clarification on the short and long-term impacts of commercial static gear fishing on benthic community diversity. Methods This review will examine primary studies on the relationship between static fishing gear, intensity, and benthic biodiversity to answer the primary question ‘How do different types of static fishing gear affect benthic species richness and abundance?’. A structured search will be conducted in English. The search terms used to find relevant data to answer the research question were chosen specifically for this review and were generated using the R package litsearchr. Captured articles will be screened against pre-defined eligibility criteria. The internal and external validity of remaining studies will be classified using a pre-defined framework. Studies meeting validity will be used for data extraction. Data to be extracted includes data on study design, intervention, study results, habitat and geographical context. Outcome data (such as sample sizes, means and measures of variation such as confidence intervals, standard deviations, and standard errors) will also be extracted. Information on effect modifiers will also be collected where available as well as metadata on study methodologies and general article identifiers. Data will be used for both narrative and quantitative synthesis techniques.

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Effects of Acute Organophosphate Poisoning on Glycemic Profile in Weanling Rats An experimental study

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.12.6771 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 69 (12) ◽

pp. 3469-3472

Author(s):

Dana Tomescu ◽

Cristian Cobilinschi ◽

Alexandru Baetu ◽

Alexandra Totan ◽

Paul Tiberiu Neagu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Acute Poisoning ◽

Living Environment ◽

Organophosphate Poisoning ◽

Glycemic Status ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

Weanling Rats ◽

Glycemic Profile ◽

The Impact

Organophosphates (OP) are frequently used worldwide as pesticides in both agriculture and human households leaving toxic residues in food or living environment. OP act through acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and acute poisoning carries a higher risk of mortality due to parasympathetic overstimulation. Long-term exposure leads to nervous, hepatic or renal dysfunction. Chlorpyrifos, one of the most commonly used compound appears to cause hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and the risk of developing diabetes after prolonged exposure. The aim of this article was to assess the impact of acute OP poisoning on glycemic status in weanling mice.

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Cautions on using the Before-After-Control-Impact design in environmental effects monitoring programs

FACETS ◽

10.1139/facets-2016-0058 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 212-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

K.E. Smokorowski ◽

R.G. Randall

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Environmental Effects ◽

Baci Design ◽

Impact Monitoring ◽

Monitoring Programs ◽

Post Impact ◽

Impact Data ◽

The Impact ◽

Environmental Effects Monitoring

Often the Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) design is suggested as being a statistically powerful experimental design in environmental impact studies. If the timing and location of the impact are known and adequate pre-data are collected, the BACI design is considered optimal to help isolate the effect of the development from natural variability. This paper presents 9 years of results from a long-term BACI experiment tested using a range of statistical models and post-impact monitoring designs. To explore suboptimal designs that are often utilized in environmental effects monitoring, the same data were also explored assuming either no control system was available (Before-After only), or that no pre-impact data were available (Control-Impact only). The results of the BACI design were robust to the statistical model used, and the BACI design was able to detect effects from the impact that the two suboptimal designs failed to detect. However, the BACI design demonstrated different conclusions depending on the number and configuration of post-impact years included in the analysis. Our results reinforce the idea that caution should be employed when using, or interpreting results from, a BACI design in an environmental impact study, but demonstrate that a well-designed BACI remains one of the best models for environmental effects monitoring programs.

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Suppressed, but Not Forgotten

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185/a000033 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 5-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Beat Meier ◽

Anja König ◽

Samuel Parak ◽

Katharina Henke

Keyword(s):

Memory Trace ◽

Thought Suppression ◽

Test Phase ◽

Indirect Test ◽

Final Test ◽

Test Experiment ◽

And Control ◽

Cue Words ◽

The Impact

This study investigates the impact of thought suppression over a 1-week interval. In two experiments with 80 university students each, we used the think/no-think paradigm in which participants initially learn a list of word pairs (cue-target associations). Then they were presented with some of the cue words again and should either respond with the target word or avoid thinking about it. In the final test phase, their memory for the initially learned cue-target pairs was tested. In Experiment 1, type of memory test was manipulated (i.e., direct vs. indirect). In Experiment 2, type of no-think instructions was manipulated (i.e., suppress vs. substitute). Overall, our results showed poorer memory for no-think and control items compared to think items across all experiments and conditions. Critically, however, more no-think than control items were remembered after the 1-week interval in the direct, but not in the indirect test (Experiment 1) and with thought suppression, but not thought substitution instructions (Experiment 2). We suggest that during thought suppression a brief reactivation of the learned association may lead to reconsolidation of the memory trace and hence to better retrieval of suppressed than control items in the long term.

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