Effects of Acute Organophosphate Poisoning on Glycemic Profile in Weanling Rats An experimental study

Organophosphates (OP) are frequently used worldwide as pesticides in both agriculture and human households leaving toxic residues in food or living environment. OP act through acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and acute poisoning carries a higher risk of mortality due to parasympathetic overstimulation. Long-term exposure leads to nervous, hepatic or renal dysfunction. Chlorpyrifos, one of the most commonly used compound appears to cause hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and the risk of developing diabetes after prolonged exposure. The aim of this article was to assess the impact of acute OP poisoning on glycemic status in weanling mice.

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Long-Term Effect of Non-Selective Beta-Blockers in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis After Myocardial Infarction—A Nationwide Cohort Study

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.726044 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Sheng-Fu Liu ◽

Chih-Kuo Lee ◽

Kuan-Chih Huang ◽

Lian-Yu Lin ◽

Mu-Yang Hsieh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Beta Blockers ◽

Term Survival ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

The Impact

Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an independent nontraditional risk factor for incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) and post-MI outcome is impaired in the RA population. Use of beta-blockers improves the long-term survival after MI in the general population while the protective effect of beta-blockers in RA patients is not clear. We investigate the impact of beta-blockers on the long-term outcome of MI among RA patients.Methods: We identified RA subjects from the registries for catastrophic illness and myocardial infarction from 2003 to 2013. The enrolled subjects were divided into three groups according to the prescription of beta-blockers (non-user, non-selective, and β1-selective beta-blockers). The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. We adjusted clinical variables and utilized propensity scores to balance confounding bias. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the incidence of mortality in different groups.Results: A total of 1,292 RA patients with myocardial infarction were enrolled, where 424 (32.8%), 281 (21.7%), and 587 (45.5%) subjects used non-user, non-selective, and β1-selective beta-blockers, respectively. Use of beta-blockers was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality after adjustment with comorbidities, medications (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.871; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.727–0.978), and propensity score (HR 0.882; 95% CI 0.724–0.982). Compared with β1-selective beta-blockers, treatment with non-selective beta-blockers (HR 0.856; 95% CI 0.702–0.984) was significantly related to lower risk of mortality. The protective effect of non-selective beta-blockers remained in different subgroups including sex and different anti-inflammatory drugs.Conclusion: Use of beta-blockers improved prognosis in post-MI patients with RA. Treatment with non-selective beta-blockers was significantly associated with reduced risk of mortality in RA patients after MI rather than β1-selective beta-blockers.

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Material Contact and Environmental Effects on Vitamin A Fortified Vegetable Frying Oil

Indonesian Food Science and Technology Journal ◽

10.22437/ifstj.v3i2.8584 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 29-33

Author(s):

Sukmo Wening ◽

Dewi Yuliyanti Andayani ◽

Latifun Jayanti ◽

Isti Christianti ◽

Karyanto Mulyono ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Environmental Effects ◽

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Frying Oil ◽

Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽

Commercial Grade ◽

Material Contact ◽

The Impact

Observations about the impact of environmental parameters and time, on fortified vegetable oil, using typical commercial grade linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) packaging during typical shelf-life conditions, are minimal. We tested the long-term (12 months) impact of temperature and illuminance (light: 100 to 150 lux and darkness <1 lux) on refined bleached deodorized palm olein (RBDPOL), fortified with vitamin A, and without antioxidant. Results showed degradation of fortified RBDPOL with 70 ppm vitamin A was approximately 19% at 18-22oC in Light, 18% at 18-22oC in Darkness, 38% at 32-33oC in light and 24% 32-33oC in darkness. A similar trend was observed at 45 ppm vitamin A. Exposure to both heat and light impacted vitamin A degradation, but was primarily attributed to prolonged exposure at elevated temperature, irrespective of the packaging material. This short study validates extensive research by Silalahi et al., (2017), doi:10.1111/ijfs.13462 on the impact of environmental effects of fortified vegetable frying oil, during extensive storage life periods.

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Protective effects of antihypoxic substances of metaprot and etomerzol in model ethylene glycol intoxication

Pediatrician (St Petersburg) ◽

10.17816/ped6259-65 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 59-65

Author(s):

Viktoriya Vladimirovna Vorob’eva ◽

Irina Viktorovna Zarubina ◽

Petr Dmitrievich Shabanov ◽

Sergei Nikolaevich Proshin

Keyword(s):

Ethylene Glycol ◽

Acute Poisoning ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Cellular Mechanisms ◽

Compensatory Mechanisms ◽

Ethylene Glycol Poisoning ◽

The Impact

The analysis of the reasons for the children to the intensive care unit indicates that the poisoning is one of the most important cause of life-threatening conditions in childhood. The poisoning by drugs and ethanol dominates among other poisoning factors. Multiple drug poisoning is not so rare case as well as intentional self-poisoning among teenagers. It is dangerous not only toxigenic phase of poisoning by various chemical compounds but also their long-term effects. The symptoms of cerebroasthenia, minimal dysfunction of brain, vascular disorders, violation of thermoregulation, convulsions, visual impairment, hepatopathy, nephropathy, adrenal dysfunction are discussed as the effects of acute poisoning in children. Above-mentioned facts indicate the need to improve the toxicological assistance not only during resuscitation but also in a phase of long-term effects. The as early as possible elimination of the effects of acute poisoning leaves the possibility of development of the child according to age. The study of the general laws of chemical and biological interaction of poison with organs and tissues of animals in the experiment can detect adaptive and compensatory mechanisms to ensure stability of the basic functions of the organism to the damaging effects of xenobiotics. The study of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of action of exogenous chemical factors elucidates the target points to the impact of pharmacological agents. Taking into account that the mandatory pathogenetic component of the process of intoxication is hypoxia we used the ethylene glycol poisoning model to test direct antihypoxants 2 etiltiobenzimidazola hydrobromide (metaprot) and 5-ethoxy-2-etiltiobenzimidazol (etomerzol). Aim: to estimate antihypoxic and antioxidant effects of actoprotective substances as metaprot and etomerzol in the model of ethylene glycol poisoning.

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Associations Between Female Sex, Sarcomere Variants and Clinical Outcomes in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Circulation Genomic and Precision Medicine ◽

10.1161/circgen.120.003062 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Neal K. Lakdawala ◽

Iacopo Olivotto ◽

Sharlene M. Day ◽

Larry Han ◽

Euan A. Ashley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Phenotypic Expression ◽

Age At Diagnosis ◽

Similar Distribution ◽

Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

Causal Genes ◽

The Impact

Background - The impact of sex on phenotypic expression in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has not been well characterized in genotyped cohorts. Methods - Retrospective cohort study from an international registry of patients receiving care at experienced HCM centers. Sex-based differences in baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes were assessed. Results - Of 5,873 patients (3,788 genotyped), 2,226 (37.9%) were women. At baseline, women were older (49.0±19.9 vs. 42.9±18.4 years, p<0.001) and more likely to have pathogenic/likely-pathogenic sarcomeric variants (SARC+; 51% vs 43%, p<0.001) despite equivalent utilization of genetic testing. Age at diagnosis varied by sex and genotype despite similar distribution of causal genes. Women were 3.6 to 7.1 years older at diagnosis (p<0.02) except for patients with MYH7 variants where age at diagnosis was comparable for women and men (n=492; 34.8±19.2 vs 33.3±16.8 years, p=0.39). Over 7.7 median years of follow up, NYHA III-IV heart failure (HF) was more common in women (HR 1.87, CI 1.48-2.36, p<0.001), after controlling for their higher burden of symptoms and outflow tract obstruction at baseline, reduced ejection fraction, SARC+, age and hypertension. All-cause mortality was increased in women (HR 1.50, CI 1.13-1.99, p<0.01), but neither ICD utilization nor ventricular arrhythmia varied by sex. Conclusions - In HCM, women are older at diagnosis, partly modified by genetic substrate. Regardless of genotype, women were at higher risk of mortality and developing severe HF symptoms. This points to a sex-effect on long-term myocardial performance in HCM, which should be investigated further.

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Changes of Thyroid Hormonal Status in Organophosphate Exposure A systematic literature review

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.12.6750 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 69 (12) ◽

pp. 3364-3366

Author(s):

Dana Tomescu ◽

Cristian Cobilinschi ◽

Radu Ciprian Tincu ◽

Alexandra Totan ◽

Tiberiu Paul Neagu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Poisoning ◽

Current Data ◽

Living Environment ◽

High Rate ◽

Hormonal Status ◽

Ache Inhibition ◽

Hormonal Imbalance ◽

Thyroid Glands ◽

Review Current

Organophosphates (OP) are widely used in both agriculture and household settings as pesticides. Human exposure is mainly due to residues in food or living environment and the main mechanism of OP toxicity are the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition. Acute poisoning is associated with a high rate of mortality due to parasympathetic overstimulation. In long-term exposure, OP are linked to systemic damage occurrence like nervous, hepatic or renal dysfunction. These compounds are considered as potential endocrine disrupters, causing significant hormonal imbalance targeting the adrenals or thyroid glands. The aim of this article is to review current data in the literature regarding effects of both acute and chronic OP exposure on thyroid hormonal status.

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Perceived Sustainability Performance of Black Air Gun (BAG)

Journal of Engineering and Science Research ◽

10.26666/rmp.jesr.2018.4.5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 27-33

Author(s):

Zarinah Zaini ◽

Keyword(s):

Living Environment ◽

Drain Pipe ◽

Contamination Control ◽

Sustainability Performance ◽

Air Gun ◽

Sustainability Issue ◽

Sewage Contamination ◽

Indicator Functions ◽

The Impact

Sustainability is a worldwide objective in balancing the gradual rise of human requirements and the decay of resources. In further aspect, the conceptual paper studies the sustainability performance of new techniques to control sewage contamination in order to prevent foul odors into the habitable space from drainage network, which is important for the healthiness and comfort of living environment. Waste drain pipe is a prominent facility in service engineering development and it is essential in regulating sewage contamination that is commonly obstructed by ungoverned disposal of debris by domestics and commercial buildings. This act is common and consistent in arising disturbance causing the failure of sewage management. This research emphasizes on the innovative establishment of a new controlling method upon sewage contamination known as Black Air Gun (BAG); this indicator is operated based on Perceived Sustainability Performance Indicators (PSPI). This indicator functions to evaluate the impact of BAG upon sewage contamination control. Furthermore, PSPI can acknowledge the sustainability issue of BAG usage in sewage management as a basis for evaluating the impact of BAG towards sewage contamination control. Adopting PSPI in this study will effectively provide a sustainable establishment attained for improvement of people’s quality of life in long term aspects.

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Exploring the relationship between static fishing gear, fishing effort, and benthic biodiversity: a systematic review protocol

Environmental Evidence ◽

10.1186/s13750-021-00242-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hannah Fennell ◽

Marija Sciberras ◽

Jan Geert Hiddink ◽

Michel J. Kaiser ◽

Eric Gilman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Research Question ◽

Reference Points ◽

Community Diversity ◽

Fishing Gear ◽

Study Results ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background and objectives The environmental effects of static gear fishing include habitat-level effects such as permanent changes to the physical environment and the structure of the benthic and epibenthic communities. Ecosystems subjected to prolonged exposure to pressure from static gear may undergo permanent changes and may never regain their prior ‘unfished’ state even if the fishing pressure is removed entirely. These long-term changes to physical structure of benthic habitats have implications for benthic biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Despite this, the understanding of habitat and static fishing gear interactions is limited- with most studies focusing on the impact of mobile fishing gear. The rise of ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM), where managers and decision-makers manage target species within their environmental context while protecting essential ecosystem services and components, has led to an increased demand for ecosystem-level reference points. A systematic review could provide clarification on the short and long-term impacts of commercial static gear fishing on benthic community diversity. Methods This review will examine primary studies on the relationship between static fishing gear, intensity, and benthic biodiversity to answer the primary question ‘How do different types of static fishing gear affect benthic species richness and abundance?’. A structured search will be conducted in English. The search terms used to find relevant data to answer the research question were chosen specifically for this review and were generated using the R package litsearchr. Captured articles will be screened against pre-defined eligibility criteria. The internal and external validity of remaining studies will be classified using a pre-defined framework. Studies meeting validity will be used for data extraction. Data to be extracted includes data on study design, intervention, study results, habitat and geographical context. Outcome data (such as sample sizes, means and measures of variation such as confidence intervals, standard deviations, and standard errors) will also be extracted. Information on effect modifiers will also be collected where available as well as metadata on study methodologies and general article identifiers. Data will be used for both narrative and quantitative synthesis techniques.

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Suppressed, but Not Forgotten

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185/a000033 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 5-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Beat Meier ◽

Anja König ◽

Samuel Parak ◽

Katharina Henke

Keyword(s):

Memory Trace ◽

Thought Suppression ◽

Test Phase ◽

Indirect Test ◽

Final Test ◽

Test Experiment ◽

And Control ◽

Cue Words ◽

The Impact

This study investigates the impact of thought suppression over a 1-week interval. In two experiments with 80 university students each, we used the think/no-think paradigm in which participants initially learn a list of word pairs (cue-target associations). Then they were presented with some of the cue words again and should either respond with the target word or avoid thinking about it. In the final test phase, their memory for the initially learned cue-target pairs was tested. In Experiment 1, type of memory test was manipulated (i.e., direct vs. indirect). In Experiment 2, type of no-think instructions was manipulated (i.e., suppress vs. substitute). Overall, our results showed poorer memory for no-think and control items compared to think items across all experiments and conditions. Critically, however, more no-think than control items were remembered after the 1-week interval in the direct, but not in the indirect test (Experiment 1) and with thought suppression, but not thought substitution instructions (Experiment 2). We suggest that during thought suppression a brief reactivation of the learned association may lead to reconsolidation of the memory trace and hence to better retrieval of suppressed than control items in the long term.

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