scholarly journals Screening, confirmation and field evaluation of promising resistant germplasm of different pulses against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1594-1598
Author(s):  
A. Kumar ◽  
◽  
J.A. Patil ◽  
S. Yadav ◽  
S. Ram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Resistant Reaction ◽  
Gall Index ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Aim: Experiment conducted in the microplots infested with the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica against the germpalms of thechickpea, pigeon pea, mungbean and urdbean. Methodology: In this study, 71 genotypes of chickpea, 30 genotypes of pigeon pea, 14 genotypes of mungbean and 12 genotypes of urdbean were screened for their reaction to root-knot nematode, M. javanica in infested microplots. Initial nematode population was recorded. Various germplasms of pulses was sown in microplots. The plants were maintained as per the standard agronomic practices. All the germplasm were assessed to determine gall index. Results: Seventy one genotypes of chickpea were screened against M. javanica, among them 19 were highly resistant, 8 resistant and 12 were found to be moderately resistant. Out of 30 genotypes of pigeonpea, 19 were highly resistant, 2 were resistant and 3 were moderately resistant to the root-knot nematode. Fourteen genotypes of mungbean screened against M. javanica, none of the germplasm was found resistant, however, four genotypes showed moderately resistant reaction. Interpretation: It may be concluded that several types of reaction were observed in screened germplasm of pulse viz., highly susceptible, susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant. These types of reaction may be due to different genotypic content of the germplasms.

scholarly journals Mineral composition of beetroot treated with potential elicitors and inoculated with Meloidogyne javanica

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Juliana Grotto Débia ◽  
Beatriz Cervejeira Bolanho ◽  
Claudia Regina Dias-Arieira
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Manganese Zinc ◽  
Nematode Population Density ◽  
Elicitor Treatments

Abstract Background The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica can infect beetroots, causing extensive damage to this food crop. As chemical and genetic control tactics have shown limited efficacy, new strategies are needed to improve the integrated management of this parasite. This study assessed the influence of potential defence elicitors and M. javanica infection on the mineral composition of beetroot. Plants were treated with acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), citrus biomass, or a mannanoligosaccharide-based product (MOS) and inoculated with 1000 eggs and second-stage juveniles of M. javanica. At 60 days after inoculation, beetroot plants were harvested and evaluated for nematode population density, vegetative growth, and mineral content. Results All potential elicitors reduced nematode population density in beetroots (p ≤ 0.10) and improved the vegetative parameters of inoculated plants (p ≤ 0.05), except shoot fresh weight. Some minerals were found to be negatively affected by treatments, particularly calcium, whose levels were consistently lower in treated plants. On the other hand, M. javanica inoculation increased magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, and copper contents in beetroots. However, the latter mineral (Cu content) of inoculated plants was positively influenced by MOS and ASM. Conclusion Potential elicitor treatments did not improve the mineral composition of beetroot, but were effective in reducing nematode population density. Plants inoculated with M. javanica had higher mineral levels. However, gall formation decreases the commercial value of the crop and might render it unsuitable for commercialisation. M. javanica-infected beetroots may be used for nutrient extraction or sold to food processing industries.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Leaf Extract of Piliostigma Thonningii for Control of Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) on Eggplant

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
A. Mamman ◽  
I. Umar ◽  
A. M. Malgwi ◽  
G. T. Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Piliostigma Thonningii

Extracts of Piliostigma thonningii were tested for their effectiveness in controlling Meloidogyne javanica eggs and juveniles in the laboratory and on eggplant cv ‘Yalon Data’. A thousand juveniles were placed in 12 petridishes and extracts of P.  thonningii (Crude extracts, 5 ml dilution and 10 ml dilution of the crude extracts) were dispensed into the petridishes. One thousand eggs of the M. javanica were placed in 12 petridishes and treated with the same extracts used on the juveniles. For the field experiment, 12 plots of size 2m x2m were prepared and planted with nine plants of eggplant cv ‘Yalon Data’. Seedlings of eggplants were transplanted after three weeks in the nursery to the field into holes drenched with 10 ml of the extracts used in the laboratory tests. Subsequent applications of extracts were done weekly for eight weeks. The results showed that the crude extract was the most effective against both the eggs (87.43 % hatch inhibition) and juveniles (90.23 % mortality). In the field, eggplants treated with the crude extract recorded the tallest plants ((124.78 cm -2017 and 125.00 cm-2018), highest number of fruits/plant (18.51-2017 and 19.55-2018), highest yield (50.45t/ha-2017 and 53.78t/ha-2018) and the lowest galling indices and final nematode population. It is therefore concluded that the crude extract of P.  thonningii can be employed for the control of M. javanica in the field.

scholarly journals Resistance of ten common medicinal plants to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ansari ◽  
H. Charehgani ◽  
R. Ghaderi
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Matricaria Chamomilla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Rumex Acetosella ◽  
Marrubium Vulgare ◽  
Gall Index ◽  
Reproduction Factor

Summary A preliminary survey indicated that the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica is widely distributed in the rhizosphere of medicinal plants in Boyer-Ahmad region (Iran). Host suitability of ten species of medicinal plants to M. javanica was examined in a pot experiment under controlled greenhouse conditions: alkakengy (Physalis alkekengi L.), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), English plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), garden anchusa (Anchusa italica Retz.), horehound (Marrubium vulgare L.), lovage (Levisticum officinale L.), sorrel (Rumex acetosella L.), thistle (Echinops adenocaulos Boiss.) and woundwort (Stachys pilifera Benth.). According to the scheme of Canto-Saenz, seven species, namely garden anchusa, fennel, horehound, alkakengy, English plantain, woundwort and sorrel can be considered susceptible hosts with gall index (GI) > 2 and reproduction factor (RF) > 1, and thistle, lovage and chamomile, can be considered as hyper-susceptible with GI > 2 and RF ≤ 1.

scholarly journals Survey and Identification of Root-Knot Nematodes Associated with Brinjal Crops in Fatehabad, Agra

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
Bindhya Yadav ◽  
Sanoj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Mixed Population ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Index Point ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Heavy Infection ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Gall Index ◽  
Almost All

A survey was conducted over a period of one and half year to estimate the occurrence of root-knot nematode disease on brinjal crops in five selected localities in and around Fatehabad, Agra. Our survey indicates that brinjal crops grown in the selected localities were heavily infested with root-knot nematodes. Highest frequency of disease occurrence in which almost all the roots have knot-like appearance (>85%) was reported from Firozabad Road area. Other localities were also having the significant infestations and these were reported as 80%, 78%, 65%,62% respectively. To access the damage caused by root-knot nematodes in brinjal crop, Meloidogyne gall index and its egg-mass index were calculated and these were found in the range of 2-5. An increased gall index and egg-mass index point to heavy infection on selected crops. Sampled crop showed the significant presence of Meloidogyne javanica. However, there were other species of root-knot nematode as mixed population was also reported. Other species of the root-knot nematodes which were reported in this survey was M. incognita. This survey indicates that the M. javanica is a frequently occurring population in brinjal field infested with root-knot disease.

scholarly journals Screening of vegetables crop genotype against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) under polyhouse conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 600-603
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
S. S. Mann ◽  
Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Bitter Gourd ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Resistant Reaction ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita is an economically important plant-parasitic nematode of vegetable crops grown under open as well as protected cultivation. Use of resistant cultivar is an important measure for managing root-knot nematode as compared to the other management strategies. Despite the potential importance of this nematode, sources of resistance to M. incognita are not yet available for breeding purposes. Present studies were conducted to evaluate the resistant reaction of crop genotype (cucumber japanes long green, tomato shu, cherry tomato P. cherry tomato-1, bitter gourd pusa aushadhi and capsicum yalo wonder) against M. incognita under polyhouse conditions (2018-20). Sixty days after sowing, observations were recorded on number of galls/plant and final nematode population. All the crop genotypes of vegetables were showed varying degree of response against M. incognita. Out of five crop genotypes of vegetables, four (cucumber japanes long green, tomato shu, cherry tomato P. cherry tomato-1 and bitter gourd Pusa aushadhi) were susceptible/highly susceptible while capsicum yalo wonder showed moderately resistant reaction against M. incognita in both the years (2018-2020) and this genotype can be used as a source of resistance.

scholarly journals Estimation of Yield Loss of Cowpea, [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] with Reaction Response of Few Genotypes against Root Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White), Chitwood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mondal Ghosh ◽  
Khumbar Debbarma ◽  
G. Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
Parental Material ◽  
House Condition ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Background: Root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita is one of the main biotic constraints in reducing the quantity and quality of the cowpea crop in most of the growing areas of the world. The nematode produces galls on roots and disrupt the physiology of the plant by reducing crop yield and product quality and are therefore of great economic importance.Methods: Studies were conducted to estimate the yield loss of cowpea in field condition along with evaluation of few genotypes under net house condition against root knot nematode based on gall index, reaction response and number of egg masses/ 5 g of root at Directorate of Research, BCKV, West Bengal. Estimation of cowpea yield loss was conducted with the parameter of mean yield, percentage avoidable and increase in yield, Root Knot Index (RKI in 1-5 scale) and final nematode population reduction. Result: Under treated condition, cowpea yield was significantly increased ranging from 10.93 to 14.58% with 37.19 to 38.17% reduction of nematode population. The range of avoidable yield loss was 9.85 to 12.72%. In response reaction, 28 genotypes were found as moderately resistant. Local cowpea cultivar, Kashikanchan may be avoided at nematode infection area due to its high susceptibility and the moderately resistant genotypes may be suggested for the use in future breeding studies as a parental material to develop the root knot nematode resistant cultivars.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Prunus Rootstocks for Root-lesion Nematode Resistance

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Alcañiz ◽  
Jorge Pinochet ◽  
Carolina Fernández ◽  
Daniel Esmenjaud ◽  
Antonio Felipe
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Pratylenchus Vulnus ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Fourteen Prunus rootstocks were evaluated against mixtures of several isolates of the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus vulnus Allen and Jensen in three greenhouse experiments. Most of the tested rootstocks are new releases or materials in advanced stages of selection that also have incorporated root-knot nematode resistance. The plums Torinel (Prunusdomestica L.) and Redglow (P. salicina Lindl. P. munsoniana Wight and Hedrick cv. Jewel) showed a moderately resistant response; their final nematode population levels were lower or slightly higher than inoculation levels. Low nematode reproduction also was found in the peach–almond hybrid G N No 22 [P. persica (L.) Batsch P. dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] and the plum Bruce (P. salicina P. angustifolia Marsh.), and although these rootstocks did not perform as well as Torinel and Redglow, they also appear to be poor hosts for P. vulnus.

scholarly journals Resistance of Watermelon Germplasm to the Peanut Root-knot Nematode

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1417-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy A. Thies ◽  
Amnon Levi
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Gall Index ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Root-knot nematodes [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, and Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood] are serious pests of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai var. lanatus] in the southern United States and worldwide. Watermelon cultivars with resistance to any of these nematode pests are not available. Therefore, we evaluated all accessions of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad.(21) and Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai var. citroides (L.H. Bailey) Mansf.(88), and about 10% of C. lanatus var. lanatus (156) accessions from the U.S. Plant Introduction (PI) Citrullus germplasm collection for resistance to M. arenaria race 1 in greenhouse tests. Only one C. lanatus var. lanatus accession exhibited very low resistance [root gall index (GI) = 4.9] and 155 C. lanatus var. lanatus accessions were susceptible (GI ranged from 5.0 to 9.0, where 1 = no galls and 9 = ≥81% root system covered with galls). All C. colocynthis accessions were highly susceptible (GI range = 8.5 to 9.0). However, 20 of 88 C. lanatus var. citroides accessions were moderately resistant with a GI range of 3.1 to 4.0; overall GI range for the C. lanatus var. citroides accessions was 3.1 to 9.0. Resistance to M. arenaria race 1 identified in the C. lanatus var. citroides accessions was confirmed on a subset of accessions in a replicated greenhouse test. The results of our evaluations demonstrated that there is significant genetic variability within the U.S. PI Citrullus germplasm collection for resistance to M. arenaria race 1 and also identified C. lanatus var. citroides accessions as potential sources of resistance.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Leaf Extract of Pawpaw (Carica papaya (L.)) in the Control of Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) in Garden Egg (Solanum melongena (L.))

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
I. Umar ◽  
M. B. Aji ◽  
A. Haruna
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Gall Index ◽  
Shoot Weight

The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica is one of the most important soil borne pathogen affecting Garden eggplant in Nigeria. The study was conducted in the Screen house of Department of Crop Protection, Modibbo Adama University of Technology in 2013 to evaluate the effect of (Pawpaw) Carica papaya leaf powder for the control of root-knot nematode M. javanica on Garden egg. The experiment consisted of five treatments replicated three times in a Completely Randomized Design in the screen house. C. papaya powder at different levels 50 g, 40 g, 30 g, 20 g and control which received no treatment were incorporated into fifteen  (15) separate pots of 20cm diameter containing 4 kg sterilized soil. Data collected on plant height (cm), number of leaves, fresh shoot weight (g), fresh root weight, dry root weight (g), gall index and final nematode population. The result indicated that Garden eggplant amended with 50 g C. papaya recorded higher growth parameters, plant height (33.75 cm), number of leaves (29.00), fresh shoot weight (145.40 g), gall index (1.33) and the least final nematode population (160.50), whereas the control recorded the least growth parameters, plant height (10.20cm), number of leaves (9.33), fresh shoot weight (9.76 g) and highest gall index (5.0) and final nematode population (1063.87). It can then concluded that Carica papaya powder when used as an amendment was effective in controlling M. javanica in garden egg under screenhouse and has the potential for use as a nematicide in the future. This study recommends that C. papaya leaf powder should be put to field trials to ascertain its efficacy in controlling M. javanica on garden egg.

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