scholarly journals Variation in antibacterial properties of endophytic fungi isolated from Phaeophytes and Rhodophytes of Johor, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3(SI)) ◽  
pp. 840-848
Author(s):  
N.F.A. Zainee ◽  
◽  
N. Ibrahim ◽  
N. Hidayah ◽  
M. Rozaimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Human Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Fungal Isolates

Aim: To identify endophytic fungi of tropical macroalgae and analyse variation in antibacterial activity. Methodology: Endophytic fungi were aseptically isolated from macroalgae tissue, identified by macroscopic and microscopic observations, screened for the presence of antibacterial activity using cross streak and disc diffusion methods against six human pathogenic bacteria. Results: A total of 27 endophytic fungi were isolated and identified from 7 species of macroalgae collected from the Johor coast, Malaysia. Twenty-three fungal isolates belonged to Ascomycota, while two belonged to Zygomycota and Oomycota, respectively. Aspergillus niger was the most common and abundant endophyte found in macroalgal samples. Preliminary screening determined 13 species (48.15%) having positive antibacterial activity. Quantitative analysis of antibacterial activity showed significant differences (p< 0.01) against six human pathogenic bacteria. Two fungal isolates indicated strong and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity namely, Pythium sp. and Trichoderma viride. Interpretation: The findings demonstrate that certain macroalgae-derived endophytic fungi from Johor possess antibacterial properties and can be potentially new antibiotic sources, which are hitherto under-reported.

scholarly journals Identification and Antibacterial Characterization of Endophytic Fungi from Artemisia sieberi

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ibtisam Mohammed Ababutain ◽  
Sahar Khamees Aldosary ◽  
Amal Abdulaziz Aljuraifani ◽  
Azzah Ibrahim Alghamdi ◽  
Amira Hassan Alabdalall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Artemisia Sieberi

Endophytic fungi serve as a reservoir for important secondary metabolites. The current study focused on the antibacterial properties of endophytic fungi isolated from Artemisia sieberi. Initially, six endophytic fungi were isolated and purified from the stem of A. sieberi. Endophytic fungi were identified by morphological characteristics, as well as by molecular identification using 18S rRNA gene sequencing method. All the six isolates were subjected to the preliminary screening for their antibacterial activity against nine important pathogenic bacteria using the disk-diffusion method. Crude extracts of the most active isolate were obtained using ethyl acetate. Antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate extract was evaluated using well diffusion method on the selected isolate. The antibacterial efficiency of the selected isolate was evaluated by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). MIC values were in appreciable quantity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria ranging from 3.125 to 6.25 µg/mL and 12.5 to 50 µg/mL, respectively. This result indicated that Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible to the endophytic fungi extract. Moreover, the molecular identification results revealed that all the isolates belong to Ascomycota and represented Aspergillus and Penicillium genera and three species: A. oryzae (three isolates), A. niger (one isolate), and P. chrysogenum (two isolates). All six endophytic fungi were able to inhibit the growth of at least two of the tested bacteria. Among the isolated strains, isolate AS2, which identified as P. chrysogenum, exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against all nine tested bacteria and was higher than or equal to the positive control against most of the tested bacteria. Future studies are required to isolate and identify these bioactive substances, which can be considered as a potential source for the synthesis of new antibacterial drugs to treat infectious diseases.

scholarly journals TO STUDY THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF CLAUSENA DENTATA (WILLD.) ROEM.

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
ANNAMALAI MADURAM ◽  
RAJU KAMARAJ
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Human Pathogenic Bacteria

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the antibacterial activity for the various extracts of Clausena dentata against human pathogens. Clausena (Rutaceae) is a genus of about 23 species of unarmed trees and shrubs. The stem bark of C. dentata is used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of wounds and sprains. Even though C. dentata has a lot of potential medical uses, the study of microbiological properties is very scarce. Methods: The plant C. dentata was collected from Kadagaman, near Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, India, and authenticated by Centre for Advanced Study in Botany, University of Madras, Chennai. The dry powder of stem bark was extracted with hexane, chloroform, and methanol. The extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Vibrio cholerae, and Staphylococcus aureus and compared with ciprofloxacin. Results: Qualitative chemical tests revealed the presence of various phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrate, proteins and amino acids, phytosterols, and volatile oil. The antibacterial activity result reveals that all the extracts were are more active against V. cholerae. The activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was mild. Conclusion: The activity against V. cholerae was comparable with that of 5 μg/mL ciprofloxacin at the concentration of C. dentata 40 μg/mL. The orders of antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria are hexane, methanol, and chloroform extract of C. dentata.

scholarly journals DELONIX REGIA BOJ. EX. HOOK RAFFIN; FAMILY: FABACEAE, BARK METHANOL EXTRACT PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILE AND POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC EVALUATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
ARPITHA SHIVAMALLU ◽  
SHAILASREE SEKHAR
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Charge Ratio ◽  
Delonix Regia ◽  
Human Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Mcf 7

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer potencies of the Delonix regia bark, a first of its kind. Methods: The bark was extracted sequentially in Soxhlet apparatus with hexane, chloroform, and methanol in the increasing order of polarity. These extracts were subjected to find its antioxidant activity and total phenol content. Antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria was tested. The anti-inflammatory properties were elucidated by its capacity to inhibit 15-lipoxygenase (LOX) and human cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Cell cytotoxic capacity was evaluated against MCF-7 cells breast cancer cell lines. Results: Liquid chromatography (LC)-Mass Spectroscopy (MS) fingerprint of the methanol extract identified a total of 14 polyphenols, of which five were structurally characterized based on their mass-charge ratio [M-H]− peak, UV-vis absorption in comparison to published data. Antibacterial activity by disk diffusion inhibited human pathogenic bacteria. Bacterial biofilm inhibition capacity of extract (750 mg) imaged by confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed loss of microcolonies. Extract when tested for 15-LOX inhibition exhibited IC50 values of 94.5 ± 1.23 mg.mL−1 by enzyme kinetics studies using spectrophotometric techniques. Similarly, it could inhibit COX-2 enzyme at relatively lower concentrations (32.18 ± 1.91 mg.mL−1). Further, it quenched free radicals produced by Fentons’ reagent studied by DNS-nicking assay indicating its strong antioxidant property with the capacity to protect DNA. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphynyl tetrazolium bromide assay and apoptosis induced in MCF-7 cells was assessed morphologically. Conclusion: Our data suggest that D. regia bark methanol extract exerts its therapeutic activity for further pharmaceutical evaluations. Further studies are necessary to determine the mechanisms of these pharmacological properties.

scholarly journals THE PHYSIOCHEMICAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF GALACTOMANNAN EDIBLE FILM OF ARENGA PINNATA INCORPORATED WITH ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ESSENTIAL OIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Juliati Br Tarigan ◽  
Irwana Nainggolan ◽  
Jamaran Kaban
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Fourier Transform

Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate the incorporation of Zingiber officinale essential (ZOE) oil onto galactomannan from Arenga pinnata (GAP) matrix and determined the antibacterial activity of the edible films (EF).Methods: EF was obtained from the incorporation of GAP (0.5, 0.9, or 1.3 g) with ZOE (0.5 or 1 g) using glycerol (0.6 g) and monoglycerol oleic (0.2 g) as a plasticizer.Results: The thickness of the films increased with the increase of GAP and ZOE oil. However, the tensile strength and water permeability decreased in the fourth EF when the ZOE oil was increased. The maximum value of tensile strength and modulus elongation was obtained with the ratio of GAP to ZOE oil at 0.9, 0.5, 4.502 MPa, and 0.0633 MPa, respectively. The Fourier transform infrared spectrum showed that the interaction occurred between GAP and ZOE oil. The EFs showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the highest activity in the third EF. The total bacteria amount in a colony decreased until the 5th day compared with the control. Furthermore, the third EF could inhibit oxygen migration with a respiratory quotient of 7.71.Conclusions: This study revealed that EFs from GAP and ZOE could be prepared and have antibacterial activity against several pathogenic bacteria. 

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