scholarly journals Dataficerede offentligheder – overvejelser over digitale metoder i lyset af den tidlige amerikanske pragmatisme

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-119
Author(s):  
Anders Koed Madsen

Med afsæt i henholdsvist den amerikanske offentlighedssociologi fra den første halvdel af det 20. Århundrede – samt den vigtigste litteratur indenfor digitale metoder – vil denne artikel fremføre to argumenter. Det første argument er, at offentligheder ikke kan begrebsliggøres isoleret fra de materielle omstændigheder, der giver dem synlighed for sig selv og andre. Det andet argument er, at infrastrukturen omkring digitale spor og digitale metoder åbner for muligheden af at synliggøre – og dermed også begrebsliggøre – den offentlige debat ud fra et mere relationelt of processuelt perspektiv end f.eks. spørgeskemaundersøgelsen. Med afsæt i disse to argumenter introducerer artiklen fire principper, der kan være med til at guide anvendelsen af digitale metoder til at forstå offentlighedsdannelser i en digitalt medieret tid. De fire principper er a) at følge sagsdrevne offentligheder, b) se distinktioner nede fra de symboler, der udveksles af disse offentligheder, c) tage borgeres netværkspositioner med i vurderingen af deres meningers effekt og d) at være opmærksom på temaers intensitet og omskiftelighed over tid. Den praktiske konsekvenser af at følge disse principper vises gennem empiriske erfaringer fra et nyligt overstået datasprint med Teknologirådet. ENGELSK ABSTRACT: Anders Koed Madsen: Data­Publics – reflections on digital methods in the light of early American pragmatism This article introduces two arguments concerning discussions of digital methods. They are based on US public sociology from the first half of the 20th century and the most important literature within the field of digital methods. The first argument is that publics cannot be understood in isolation from the material conditions that give them visibility both for themselves (intra-public visibility) and for others. The second argument posits that the infrastructure of digital traces and digital methods affords visualizing and conceptualizing public debate from a relational and procedural perspective rather than from employing a questionnaire survey. The article introduces four principles that can help guide the use of digital methods to understand publics in a digitally mediated era. They are: a) follow issue publics, b) use the analytical distinctions from the symbols exchanged by these publics, c) take into account the network positions of citizens when assessing the impact of their opinion, and d) be aware of the intensity and interchangeability of themes over time. The practical consequences following these principles are shown through empirical experiences from a recently held data sprint with the Danish Board of Technology. Keywords: Digital methods, pragmatism, Chicago-school, publics, surveys, Lazarsfeldt.

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Michel Chevet ◽  
Sébastien Lecocq ◽  
Michael Visser

This paper analyzes 19th and 20th century data from a well-known château in Bordeaux. The dataset includes information on weather conditions, starting dates of three phenological stages of grapevine, prices, and yields. We discuss how these variables have evolved over the last two centuries. We also study to what extent the impact of climate on yields and prices has changed over time. Our regression analysis suggests that the effect of temperature on yields has become weaker since the 19th century. The influence on prices has, on the contrary, become stronger.


2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-61
Author(s):  
Andreas Birkbak

Kontroversen om planerne for en betalingsring i København afstedkom blandt andet en række sider på Facebook. Eksemplet er ikke enestående: Sociale medier lægger i disse år ofte brugerflade til folkelige protester og kontroverser. Sociologien har med digitale metoder fået en række værktøjer til at indsamle data om dem. Flere af de digitale teknikker er formet af et teoretisk udgangspunkt hos Bruno Latour. Artiklen undersøger, hvilke metodiske retningslinjer der følger af en Latour-inspireret forståelse af politik og demokrati. Først afsøges Latours inspirationskilder i den amerikanske pragmatisme. Dernæst diskuteres Noortje Marres’ bud på konsekvenserne for digitale metoder. Endelig analyseres betalingsringskontroversen for at give et eksempel på en undersøgelse med digitale metoder, der tager udgangspunkt i idéen om demokratisk offentlighed som noget, der opstår i anledning af konkrete problematiske sager. Analysen bygger på 4.500 posts og kommentarer fra syv forskellige Facebook-sider om betalingsringen, der opsummeres i en co-wordvisualisering. Artiklen fremfører, at et Latour-inspireret fokus på sagsorienterede offentligheder tilbyder et interessant alternativ til affejende begreber som shitstorms og ekkokamre, og diskuterer de metodiske udfordringer, som tilgangen medfører for digitale metoder. ENGELSK ABSTRACT Andreas Birkbak: Shit storms, bubbles or issue publics? Digital methods and controversies on social media The controversy around plans to introduce congestion charges in Copenhagen included a number of protest pages on Facebook. This is not unique since social media are often used for popular protests these days. With the rise of digital methods, sociology has obtained a number of tools for collecting data about such protests. Several of the digital techniques are inspired by the work of Bruno Latour. This article investigates the methodological challenges that arise from a Latour-inspired understanding of politics and democracy. First, Latour’s inspiration from American pragmatism is explored. Next, Noortje Marres’s arguments about the consequences for digital methods are discussed. Finally, the congestion charge controversy is analyzed in order to provide an example of an inquiry with digital methods that is based on the idea that publics emerge in relation to problematic issues. The analysis is based on 4,500 posts and comments from seven different Facebook pages about the congestion charge controversy. The article argues that a Latour-inspired focus on issue-oriented publics offers an interesting alternative to sweeping concepts like shit storms and echo chambers, and explores the methodological challenges that the approach entails for digital methods. Keywords: Digital methods, Facebook, publics, controversy, Latour, congestion charges


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 664-674
Author(s):  
Tímea Juhász ◽  
Botond Kálmán ◽  
Arnold Tóth

AbstractCompetitive pressures at the workplace have already become standard issue. Participation in rivalrous situations and related attitudes are influenced by several factors, out of which a few can be traced back into childhood. Aspiration and over-ambitiousness surround our everyday lives from childhood: there is an intensive rivalry for good grades in secondary school or better performance in youth sports. These experiences all integrate into adulthood behavioural patterns. The authors investigated to what extent childhood competitive motivations influenced subsequent participation in competitive situations at the workplace, if these motivations remain in adulthood, and furthermore, how these incentives fluctuated with time. Based on the results of their questionnaire survey constellating actual and retrospective information, they concluded that competitive incitation of juveniles were still identifiable during later stages of life, albeit they vaguely mutated over time. The results are applicable in miscellaneous practical fields. At the workplace, the attitude of workers is, in turn, definable even before their admission. As regards education and career, answers received for questionnaires being constructed based on these results may assist in the methodology of formulation of the necessary everyday skill.


2014 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Kamel

‘Biblical Orientalism’ can be defined as a phenomenon based on the combination of a selective use of religion and a simplifying way to approach its natural habitat: the ‘Holy Land’. Between the 1830s and the beginning of the 20th century this attitude triggered a flood of mainly British books, private diaries and maps. Over time this enormous production, accompanied by a wide range of phenomena such as evangelical tourism, did instill the idea of a ‘meta-Palestine’, an imaginary place devoid of any history except that of Biblical magnificence. This has had various relevant consequences. The present article aims to deconstruct this perception by observing the process through which a local complex reality has been simplified and denied in its continuity. 


2021 ◽  
pp. 133-205
Author(s):  
Samiparna Samanta

While there had always remained a close relationship between animals and human disease, until the mid-20th century however, medical knowledge on the boundary between animal and human health remained blurred. Against this backdrop, this chapter investigates the relationship between cattle plague and slaughterhouse inspection. Diseased animals increasingly flooded markets because Bengali farmers often rejected the “English method” of slaughter and culling as it was economically damaging. It was often cheaper for farmers to sell diseased animals than seek veterinary attention. This chapter thus focuses on how rinderpest subsequently revived the interest in Bengali diet – the debate over safety of meat from diseased animals became fiercer over time and quickly kindled bhadralok paranoia on animal disease, public health, and sanitation, as they now abruptly turned to vegetarianism. Additionally, it examines the interplay between veterinarians and the Calcutta Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (CSPCA) to study the impact it had on the spatial reconfiguration of Calcutta with slaughterhouses being increasingly ousted from the heart of the “sanitary city.”


Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich Martin Wurst ◽  
Isabella Kunz ◽  
Gregory Skipper ◽  
Manfred Wolfersdorf ◽  
Karl H. Beine ◽  
...  

Background: A substantial proportion of therapists experience the loss of a patient to suicide at some point during their professional life. Aims: To assess (1) the impact of a patient’s suicide on therapists distress and well-being over time, (2) which factors contribute to the reaction, and (3) which subgroup might need special interventions in the aftermath of suicide. Methods: A 63-item questionnaire was sent to all 185 Psychiatric Clinics at General Hospitals in Germany. The emotional reaction of therapists to patient’s suicide was measured immediately, after 2 weeks, and after 6 months. Results: Three out of ten therapists suffer from severe distress after a patients’ suicide. The item “overall distress” immediately after the suicide predicts emotional reactions and changes in behavior. The emotional responses immediately after the suicide explained 43.5% of the variance of total distress in a regression analysis. Limitations: The retrospective nature of the study is its primary limitation. Conclusions: Our data suggest that identifying the severely distressed subgroup could be done using a visual analog scale for overall distress. As a consequence, more specific and intensified help could be provided to these professionals.


1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4II) ◽  
pp. 947-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrukh Rafi Khan

This paper has a two-fold objective: first, to examine the terms on which Pakistan receives aid and whether its debt situation is sustainable, and second, to examine the impact of aid and debt on economic growth. It is found that there is little encouraging that can be said about how the terms on which Pakistan has received aid over time have changed, and its current debt situation is not sustainable. Also reported is the analysis done elsewhere which shows that aid has a negative (Granger) causal impact on GDP, and aid has a robust negative impact on economic growth after controlling for supplyside shocks. We provide various reasons for this negative association.


Author(s):  
Madara Eversone

The article aims to highlight the role of Arvīds Grigulis’ (1906–1989) personality in the Latvian Soviet literary process in the context of the Latvian Soviet Writers’ Union, attempting to discover the contradictions and significance of Arvīds Grigulis’ personality. Arvīds Grigulis was a long-time member of the Writers’ Union, a member of the Soviet nomenklatura, and an authority of the soviet literary process. His evaluations of pre-soviet literary heritage and writings of his contemporaries were often harsh and ruthless, and also influenced the development of the further literary process. The article is based on the documents of the Central Committee of the Latvian Communist Party, the Latvian Soviet Writers’ Union and the Communist Party local organization of the Latvian Soviet Writers’ Union that are available at the Latvian State Archive of the National Archives of Latvia, as well as memories of Grigulis’ contemporaries. It is concluded that the personality of the writer Arvīds Grigulis, although unfolding less in the context of the Writers’ Union, is essential for the exploration of the soviet literary process and events behind the scenes. The article mainly describes events and episodes taking place until 1965, when Arvīds Grigulis’ influence in the Writers’ Union was more remarkable. Individual and further studies should analyse changes and the impact of his decisions in the cultural process of the 70s and 80s of the 20th century.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document