scholarly journals ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL SREENING OF ANTIBIOTICS PRODUCED FROM STREPTOMYCES ISOLATED FROM DUMPSITE SOILS IN ILORIN, NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Risikat Nike Ahmed ◽  
Mercy Oluwaseyi Bamigboye ◽  
Kamoldeen Abiodun Ajijolakewu ◽  
Sheriffdeen Olakunle Idris ◽  
Nimat Toyosi Ajide Bamigboye
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Active Metabolite ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Total Resistance ◽  
North Central ◽  
Similar Activity ◽  
Soil Actinomycetes ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Phylogenic Relationship

Antibiotics are one of the most exploited metabolites produced by soil actinomycetes. This study isolated fifteen actinomycetes (A1 – A15) from dumpsite soils within Ilorin metropolis & screened them for antibacterial activity. Isolates were identified with morphology & biochemical characteristics.Their activity against clinical bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae & Staphylococcus aureus) was determined. Their bioactive metabolites after fermentation was assayed for by agar well diffusion & compared with reference antibiotics. Molecular analysis of two most active isolates was done. The most active metabolite was subjected to GCMS. All isolates were identified as Streptomyces, 7 isolates exhibited activity against 3 test bacteria with highest (10.5mm±0.35) by Streptomyces griseoplanus while S. aureus demonstrated total resistance to all isolates. Secondary activity revealed 7 of the metabolites as effective against the bacteria with highest activity (28.5±1.04mm) by S. sparsogenes showing similar activity with Cefuroxime (28.01±0.01mm). The two most active isolates were Streptomyces griseoplanus strain NR725RL-ISP 5009 & Streptomyces sparsogenes strain NBRC 1308616S & RNA nucleotide similarity revealed close phylogenic relationship. GC-MS revealed10 compounds in S. sparsogenes strain NBRC 1308616S metabolite. Streptomyces from dumpsite soils within Ilorin produced bioactive compounds against clinical test bacteria and thus could be potential sources of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Potential Repurposing of Known Drugs as Potent Bacterial β-Glucuronidase Inhibitors

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 957-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Ahmad ◽  
Mark A. Hughes ◽  
Li-An Yeh ◽  
John E. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Active Metabolite ◽  
Enzyme Assay ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Tricyclic Antidepressant ◽  
Gus Activity ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Approved Drugs

The active metabolite of the chemotherapeutic irinotecan, SN-38, is detoxified through glucuronidation and then excreted into the gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal bacteria convert the glucuronidated metabolite back to the toxic SN-38 using β-glucuronidase (GUS), resulting in debilitating diarrhea. Inhibiting GUS activity may relieve this side effect of irinotecan. In this study, we sought to determine whether any known drugs have GUS inhibitory activity. We screened a library of Food and Drug Administration–approved drugs with a cell-free biochemical enzyme assay using purified bacterial GUS. After triage, five drugs were confirmed to inhibit purified bacterial GUS. Three of these were the monoamine oxidase inhibitors nialamide, isocarboxazid, and phenelzine with average IC50 values for inhibiting GUS of 71, 128, and 2300 nM, respectively. The tricyclic antidepressant amoxapine (IC50 = 388 nM) and the antimalarial mefloquine (IC50 = 1.2 µM) also had activity. Nialamide, isocarboxazid, and amoxapine had no significant activity against purified mammalian GUS but showed potent activity for inhibiting endogenous GUS activity in a cell-based assay using living intact Escherichia coli with average IC50 values of 17, 336, and 119 nM, respectively. Thus, nialamide, isocarboxazid, and amoxapine have potential to be repurposed as therapeutics to reduce diarrhea associated with irinotecan chemotherapy and warrant further investigation for this use.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Prulifloxacin Tested against a Worldwide Collection of Gastroenteritis-Producing Pathogens, Including Those Causing Traveler's Diarrhea

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 1221-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Fritsche ◽  
Douglas J. Biedenbach ◽  
Ronald N. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Similar Activity ◽  
Surveillance Studies ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Highly Active

ABSTRACT Prulifloxacin, the prodrug of ulifloxacin (active component), is a newer fluoroquinolone with broad activity against enteric and nonenteric gram-negative bacilli. Ulifloxacin and other oral comparator agents were tested for activity against 582 gastroenteritis strains from global surveillance studies. Ulifloxacin was highly active against Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia spp., Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp., and Plesiomonas spp. (MIC50s and MIC90s, ≤0.03 μg/ml and ≤0.06 μg/ml, respectively). Only rare Aeromonas spp., Campylobacter spp., and E. coli displayed elevated MIC results (≥4 μg/ml). Ciprofloxacin exhibited similar activity but was two- to fourfold less potent. Presently approved for clinical use in certain European countries and Japan, ulifloxacin was the most active of the antimicrobial agents tested against these gastroenteritis-causing pathogens.

scholarly journals Diversity and some bioactivities of soil actinomycetes from southwestern China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Jiang ◽  
Guiding Li ◽  
Qinyuan Li ◽  
Kun Zhang ◽  
Longqian Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Type I ◽  
Biosynthetic Genes ◽  
Natural Medicine ◽  
Soil Actinomycetes

AbstractWith the natural medicine exploring, the actinomycetes (actinobacteria) have gotten more and more recognition. 815 soil samples were collected from six areas in the southwestern China. 7063 purified strains of actinomycetes were isolated from these samples by using four media. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of 1998 selected strains of the 7063 were determined, and the phylogenetic analysis was carried out. The diversity of actinomycetes is analyzed. Total 33 genera of actinomycetes as the purified cultivation were identified from these soil samples. 14, 13, 5, 9 and 26 genera of actinobacteria were identified from E, A, B, D, C and F area respectively, and the communities of actinomycetes are very different from each other. The diversity of Xishuangbanna (F area) is the richest, and 26 genera were isolated. That of Emei and Qingcheng Mountain (C area) is monotone, and only five genera were isolated. 158 of 1998 strains (7.9 %) are possible new species. Antimicrobial activities of 1070 selected strains against 11 bacteria and fungi were tested using agar well diffusion method, and biosynthetic genes of type I and II polyketide synthases (PKS I, PKS II), nonribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) and polygene cytochrome P450 hydroxylase (CYP) of 1036 selected strains were detected by PCR. High rate of antimicrobial activity and the four antibiotic biosynthetic genes existed in these actinomycetes. Results of this study indicates that firstly more unknown actinomycetes can be obtained from soil samples, specially primeval tropical forests. Second, isolation methods for actinomycetes must be continually improved and improved.ImportanceFirst, discarding repeat of a mass of known microbes and compounds is very difficult. Second, pharmaceuticals development can still not overtake the increase of resistance of pathogens to antibiotics, and new diseases continuously and fleetly occur. Soil actinomycetes of these regions are researched few by microbiologist yet. In order to get much more unknown actinomycetes for discovery of new bioactive metabolites, the actinomycetes of forest soil in southwestern China were isolated and identified. Anti-microbial activities and synthetic gene clusters’ of four kinds of antibiotics of some selected strains were detected.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Selenium Nanoparticles Synthesized by Actinomycetes Isolated from Lombok Island Soil Samples

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanti Ratnakomala ◽  
Nurul Fitri Sari ◽  
Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi ◽  
Puspita Lisdiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticle ◽  
Soil Actinomycetes ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Lombok Island

AbstractA total of 98 actinomycetes were isolated from the soil and litter samples collected from the cacao and coffee plantation in Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. These isolates were screened for their antimicrobial activity. Among 98 isolated strains, only 24 isolates showed antimicrobial activity against test microorganisms of which 20.4% were active against Bacillus subtilis BTCC B-612, 14.3% against Staphylococcus aureus BTCC B-611, and 5.1% against Escherichia coli BTCC B-609. Out of these 24 isolates, 3 were found to be able to grow in medium containing 3 mM Selenium oxide of which the culture were changed color to red. Two of the best strains, L-155 and L-156, were selected for assessing production of Selenium nanoparticles. Bioreduction of selenium nanoparticles was confirmed by UV–visible spectrophotometer which showed peak between 300 and 320 nm. Biosynthesized selenium nanoparticle from isolate actinomycetes L-155 and L-156 were found to have a broad spectrum of activity against the tested microorganisms: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, and Candida albicans. This study showed rapid and eco-friendly synthesis of selenium nanoparticles from soil actinomycetes. Most of these active isolates revealed to possess antibacterial property.

A Study of U.S. Orchards To Identify Potential Sources of Escherichia coli O157:H7†

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1320-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. R. RIORDAN ◽  
G. M. SAPERS ◽  
T. R. HANKINSON ◽  
M. MAGEE ◽  
A. M. MATTRAZZO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Yeasts And Molds ◽  
The Individual

The association of unpasteurized apple cider with Escherichia coli O157:H7 foodborne illness has led to increased interest in potential reservoirs of this pathogen in the orchard. Fourteen U.S. orchards were surveyed in autumn 1999 to determine the incidence and prevalence of E. coli O157:H7, E. coli, total aerobic microflora, and yeasts and molds. Fruit samples (n = 63) (eight apple and two pear varieties) and soil, water, and fecal samples were collected. Samples were plated on (i) tryptic soy agar for total mesophilic aerobic count, (ii) E. coli and coliform Petrifilm for total coliforms and E. coli, and (iii) yeast and mold Petrifilm. Samples positive for coliforms and E. coli were enriched and tested for E. coli O157:H7. Fruit was also tested for internalization of microflora by aseptically removing the core, stem, and calyx areas, and the individual sections were assessed for the categories of microflora listed above. E. coli was detected in soil and water and in 6% of fruit samples (three pear samples and one apple sample), generally collected from areas previously designated as high risk in this study. However, no E. coli O157:H7 was found. Coliforms were found in 74% of fruit samples and were internalized in the cores of 40% of fruit tested. Yeasts and molds were internalized in 96.7% of samples and aerobic bacteria in 89.6%. E. coli was not found to be internalized. Total aerobic counts and total coliforms were higher in dropped and damaged fruit (P < 0.05). Findings suggest that dropped or damaged fruit should not be included in fruit designated for the production of unpasteurized juice or for the fresh or fresh-cut market. In addition, orchards should be located away from potential sources of contamination, such as pastures.

Repetitive element (REP)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of Escherichia coli isolates from recreational waters of southeastern Lake Huron

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Kon ◽  
Susan C. Weir ◽  
E. Todd Howell ◽  
Hung Lee ◽  
Jack T. Trevors
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Repetitive Element ◽  
Microbial Source Tracking ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Source Tracking ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Recreational Waters ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Repetitive element-polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR) DNA fingerprinting and library-based microbial source tracking (MST) methods were utilized to investigate the potential sources of Escherichia coli pollution in recreational waters of southeastern Lake Huron. In addition to traditional sources such as humans, agriculture, and wildlife, environmentally persistent E. coli isolates were included in the identification library as a separate library unit consisting of the E. coli strains isolated from interstitial water on the beach itself. Our results demonstrated that the dominant source of E. coli pollution of the lake was agriculture, followed by environmentally adapted E. coli strains, wildlife, and then humans. A similar ratio of contributing sources was observed in all samples collected from various locations including the river discharging to the beach in both 2005 and 2006. The high similarity between the compositions of E. coli communities collected simultaneously in the river and in the lake suggests that tributaries were the major overall sources of E. coli to the lake. Our findings also suggest that environmentally adapted strains (EAS) of E. coli should be included as one of the potential sources in future microbial source tracking efforts.

scholarly journals Multiplex PCR-Based Reverse Line Blot Assay for Simultaneous Detection of 22 Virulence Genes in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 1198-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Kudinha ◽  
Fanrong Kong ◽  
James R. Johnson ◽  
Scott D. Andrew ◽  
Peter Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Reverse Line Blot ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACTUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections and are responsible for significant morbidity and health care costs worldwide. The main bacterial cause of uncomplicated UTI isEscherichia coli, which possesses numerous virulence factors (VFs). Many studies of the pathogenesis ofE. coliUTI have centered on VF genes. Hence, the development of better molecular assays to study VF genes would facilitate these studies. We developed a highly sensitive and specific multiplex PCR-based reverse line blot (mPCR/RLB) assay to simultaneously detect 22 VF genes of uropathogenicE. coliand then used it to characterize 180 isolates from nonpregnant women of child-bearing age with cystitis and 153 fecal isolates from similar-age healthy women, in regional New South Wales, Australia. The assay accurately identified all VF genes (of the 22 under study) known to be present in 30 previously characterized control strains. The detection limits were 28 ng of DNA fromE. coliisolates and 50 CFU/ml in mock-infected urine specimens containing known concentrations ofE. coli.Cystitis isolates (compared to the fecal isolates) showed a significantly higher prevalence of 18 individual VF genes and contained significantly more VF genes per isolate (median number, 18.5 versus 6.5 [P= 0.001]). Discordance between paired probes for a given VF gene occurred in several clinical test isolates but no reference strains and among the test isolates was associated with fecal source (10% of VF genes versus 2% for cystitis isolates [P< 0.001]). This novel mPCR/RLB method is a potentially powerful tool for investigating the prevalence and distribution of VFs inE. coli.

scholarly journals Incidence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from meat pie sold in a Nigerian North Central town

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godwin Attah Obande ◽  
Ebele U. Umeh ◽  
Emmanuel Terese Azua ◽  
Aleruchi Chuku ◽  
Peter Adikwu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
North Central ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Background and Objectives: Meat pie is a popular ready-to-eat food sold in Nigeria and is consumed by people of all classes and category. The study aimed to determine the incidence and susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from meat pie to antibiotics commonly administered in Makurdi.Material and Methods: A total of 180 samples were collected and evaluated for bacterial contamination and presence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Contaminants were isolated and identified using biochemical test. Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: Eleven bacterial genera was identified.  Bacillus spp (85%) occurred most frequently, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (38.9%), while Edwardsiella spp (2.8%) occured the least.  Staphylococcus aureus was highly resistant to Cloxacillin (87.1%) but highly susceptible to Ofloxacin (88.6%).  Escherichia coli was resistant to Amoxycillin, Tetracycline, Cloxacillin and Augmentin but susceptible to Gentamicin and Ofloxacin. Conclusion: Meat pie sold in Makurdi habours Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with multiple antibiotic resistance. Regulation of the production and retail process of meat pie is advocated as a possible means of reducing contamination and the risk of transferring antibiotic resistant bacteria to consumers.

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