Bacterial Pneumonia in Captive Wild Boars in Southern Brazil - Etiological and Pathological Causes

Background: Respiratory diseases are one of the major health issues described in intensive pig production, causing important economic losses. However, there is little information on the prevalence, etiology and clinical-pathological presentation of these diseases in wild boars. For this reason, this work investigated the presence in captive wild boars of pneumonic lesions and bacterial pathogens commonly detected and associated with respiratory diseases in domestic pigs.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 226 captive wild boar lungs from two farms were examined in a slaughterhouse in Southern Brazil. The pneumonic lesions were classified as cranioventral, dorsocaudal, and disseminated, and the quantification of lesions was calculated. From the total of 226 lungs, 121 were collected for laboratory examination. Lungs with macroscopic lesions suggestive of pneumonia were collected for histological, bacteriological and molecular analysis. The molecular analysis was performed to detect the presence of Actinobacillus (A.) pleuropneumoniae, Glaesserella (G.) parasuis, Mycoplasma (M.) hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma (M.) hyorhinis and Streptococcus (S.) suis serotype 2. The percentages of histological lesions and bacterial agents and their association were calculated. Cranioventral consolidation (75.2%) was the most prevalent macroscopic lung lesion, followed by disseminated (21.5%) and dorsocaudal (3.3%) distribution. Microscopically, chronic lesions were the most prevalent, representing 70.2% of the lungs. Moreover, BALT hyperplasia was present in 86.5% of the lungs, suppurative bronchopneumonia in 65.7%, and alveoli infiltrate in 46.8%. Six bacterial pathogens commonly described as agents of pig pneumonia were identified by bacterial or molecular methods: Pasteurella (P.) multocida, S. suis, M. hyopneumoniae, A. pleuropneumoniae, G. parasuis and M. hyorhinis. Twenty-eight different combinations of pathogens were identified in 84 samples (69.4%). The most common combinations were: M. hyopneumoniae and A. pleuropneumoniae (13.1%), M. hyopneumoniae, G. parasuis and M. hyorhinis (10.7%), and M. hyopneumoniae, A. pleuropneumoniae and G. parasuis (8.3%). Additionally, M. hyopneumoniae was the most frequent pathogen detected in this study, representing 58.7% of the samples. The detection of M. hyopneumoniae and M. hyorhinis by PCR was associated with the presence of BALT hyperplasia (P < 0.05) and there was also an association between the detection of M. hyopneumoniae by PCR and suppurative bronchopneumonia (P < 0.05). In addition, a significant association (P < 0.05) between the detection of M. hyopneumoniae and A. pleuropneumoniae by PCR and the histological classification (acute, subacute or chronic lesions) was observed.Discussion: The results of this study were similar to those observed in slaughtered domestic pigs, although, the detection of opportunist pathogens was less frequent than that usually described in pig pneumonia. The high prevalence of pneumonia in captive wild boars at slaughter and the similar characteristics of pneumonia in captive wild boars and domestic pigs suggest that the close phylogenetic relationship between pigs and wild boars could influence the susceptibility of both species to the colonization of the same pathogens, indicating that captive wild boars raised in confined conditions could be predisposed to respiratory diseases, similar to domestic pigs. Keywords: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, lung consolidation, slaughter, Sus scrofa, swine.

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One Year of African Swine Fever Outbreak in China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-22016/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dapeng Tao ◽

Daipeng Sun ◽

Shu Wei ◽

Tongqing An ◽

Guoshun Shen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

African Swine Fever Virus ◽

Production Capacity ◽

African Swine Fever ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Anthropogenic Factors ◽

Chinese Government ◽

Science And Policy ◽

Wild Boars ◽

Domestic Pigs

Abstract Background: African swine fever (ASF) is a major threat to domestic pigs and wild boars. Since 2018, ASF outbreak has been ongoing in China. As of August 3, 2019, a total of 151 ASF outbreaks reported in China have caused severe economic losses for many pig farmers and pork producers. The present study is to analyze the epidemiologic characteristics of ASF outbreak that occurred in several regions across China during the period August 2018- August 2019. Particularly focusing on the epidemic distribution, main transmission routes, incidence/fatality, impact on pig production capacity, and the main preventive measures adopting to mitigate the risk of ASF spread in pig farming systems by Chinese government. Results: The data show that the importance of seasonality effect, spatial distribution and the anthropogenic factors on the transmission of ASF, and further suggest that effective ASF risk management in China will require a comprehensive and integrated approach linking science and policy and will need to involve all relevant stakeholders to develop realistic policies. Conclusions: This provides an improved scientific basis to optimize current interventions as well as develop new tools and strategies to reduce the risk of African swine fever virus (ASFV) transmission to domestic pigs and wild boars.

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Species composition of Trichinella in domestic and wild animals in Bulgaria

BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE ◽

10.15547/bjvm.2038 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 99-104

Author(s):

N. Lalkovski

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Molecular Analysis ◽

Trichinella Spiralis ◽

Wild Animals ◽

Widespread Species ◽

Wild Boars ◽

Domestic Pigs ◽

Trichinella Britovi ◽

Trichinella Pseudospiralis

Four Trichinella species cause trichinellosis in Europe: Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella britovi, Trichinella nativа and Trichinella pseudospiralis. The aim of our study was to determine the preponderance of Trichinella species in Bulgaria. The research covered the period 2010–2016. Molecular analysis was performed with 120 Trichinella isolates. Two species were discovered: Trichinella britovi and Trichinella spiralis. T. britovi predominated over T. spiralis – 113 isolates (94.17%) and 7 (5.83%) respectively. Both species were identified in domestic pigs and wild boars, with T. britovi: T.spiralis ratios in 45:1 in wild boars and 1:1 in domestic pigs. T. britovi was the geographically more widespread species. It was found in samples from domestic and wild animals from all over the country, while T. spiralis has only been found in several areas.

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Elderly Health Issues the Otorhinolaryngologist Needs to Know : Respiratory Diseases

Nihon Kikan Shokudoka Gakkai Kaiho ◽

10.2468/jbes.69.78 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 78-82

Author(s):

T. Majima

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Health Issues ◽

Elderly Health

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Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus Infection among Blood Donors in Bulgaria

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13030492 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 492

Author(s):

Magdalena Baymakova ◽

Krasimira Terzieva ◽

Rumen Popov ◽

Elisaveta Grancharova ◽

Todor Kundurzhiev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virus Infection ◽

Hepatitis E Virus ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Wild Boars ◽

Domestic Pigs ◽

Specific Questionnaire ◽

Positive Results

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is widespread among domestic pigs, industrial swine, and wild boars in Bulgaria. The aim of the current research was to present the HEV seroprevalence among blood donors in Bulgaria. In the present study, 555 blood donors (479 males and 76 females) were enrolled from five districts in the country (Shumen, Pleven, Stara Zagora, Plovdiv, and Sofia districts). All blood samples were tested for anti-HEV IgG using the recomWell HEV IgG ELISA test (Mikrogen GmbH, Neuried, Germany). Each participating donor completed a short, structured, and specific questionnaire to document data on the current study. Anti-HEV IgG positive results were detected in 144 (25.9%) blood donors, including 129 (26.9%) males and 15 (19.7%) females. The established HEV seropositivity was 28.8% (23/80) in Shumen district, 23.2% (22/95) in Pleven district, 27.1% (38/140) in Stara Zagora district, 27.5% (44/160) in Plovdiv district, and 21.3% (17/80) in Sofia district. A high HEV seroprevalence was found for persons who declared that they were general hunters (48.7%; 19/39; p = 0.001) and hunters of wild boars (51.6%; 16/31; p = 0.001). We present the first seroprevalence rates of HEV infection in blood donors from Bulgaria. The results of our research showed high HEV seropositivity among blood donors.

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Mitochondrial haplotypes of European wild boars with 2n = 36 are closely related to those of European domestic pigs with 2n = 38

Animal Genetics ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01498.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 459-464 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

M. Fang ◽

F. Berg ◽

A. Ducos ◽

L. Andersson

Keyword(s):

Wild Boars ◽

Domestic Pigs ◽

Mitochondrial Haplotypes

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Reply to 'On genetic differentiation between domestic pigs and Tibetan wild boars'

Nature Genetics ◽

10.1038/ng.3193 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 192-192

Author(s):

Mingzhou Li ◽

Carol K L Yeung ◽

Ying Li ◽

Shilin Tian ◽

Xuewei Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Differentiation ◽

Wild Boars ◽

Domestic Pigs

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The therapeutic journey of families of children with respiratory diseases in the public health service

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/s0104-11692012000300005 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 453-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Beatriz Rosana Gonçalves de Oliveira ◽

Neusa Collet ◽

Débora Falleiros de Mello ◽

Regina Aparecida Garcia de Lima

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Care ◽

Health Services ◽

Respiratory Diseases ◽

Health Issues ◽

Public Health Services ◽

The Public ◽

Primary Health ◽

Therapeutic Encounters ◽

Access To Medical Care

This study's purpose was to identify the therapeutic journey of families seeking health care for their children with respiratory diseases. This qualitative study had the participation of parents of children younger than five years old who were hospitalized with respiratory diseases. Path mapping was used as an instrument to collect data, which was analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings indicate that families sought the health services as soon as they perceived symptoms and had access to medical care, however such care was not decisive in resolving their health issues. Even though the families returned to the service at least another three times, the children had to be hospitalized. The attributes of primary health care were not observed in the public health services, while therapeutic encounters had no practical success.

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Acute fasciolosis in cattle in southern Brazil

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2013000600003 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 705-709 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Maria de Lourdes Adrien ◽

Ana Lucia Schild ◽

Clairton Marcolongo-Pereira ◽

Letícia Fiss ◽

Jerônimo L. Ruas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Abdominal Cavity ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Early Spring ◽

Eosinophil Infiltration ◽

Coagulation Necrosis ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Bile Duct Proliferation ◽

Mild Anemia

This study describes the epidemiological and pathological aspects of an outbreak of acute fasciolosis in cattle in southern Brazil. Fifteen out of 70 three-year-old pregnant cows lost weight in the 30-40 days prior to calving. Clinical signs included diarrhea, weakness, mild anemia and jaundice. Dark yellow fluid in the abdominal cavity was observed at necropsy. Fibrin and clotted blood were adhered to the pericardium and lung, primarily in the diaphragmatic lobes. The liver was enlarged, and the capsular surface was irregular with clear areas and petechiae. At the cut surface, the liver was irregular, firm and edematous, and several hemorrhagic channels could be observed. Areas of fibrosis through the parenchyma and whitish thrombi occluding the great vessels were also observed. The livers of 10 cows that not died were condemned at slaughter for lesions of fasciolosis similar to those observed at necropsy. Microscopically, the liver showed areas of coagulation necrosis, extensive hemorrhages in the streaks or foci and disruption of the parenchyma with neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration. Fibrosis and bile duct proliferation were also observed. Immature Fasciola hepatica flukes were observed in the parenchyma surrounded by degenerated hepatocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and hemorrhages. The outbreak occurred on a farm located in an area endemic for fasciolosis, although the acute form of the disease is not common in cattle in this region. It is likely that the cows were infected by F. hepatica metacercariae released in the late fall or early spring in the rice stubble where the herd was grazing prior to calving. Although mortality due to fasciolosis in cattle is infrequent, outbreaks can occur and treatments that are effective in both the immature and adult forms of the parasite should be administered to prevent economic losses.

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