Respiratory Diseases in Pigs: Incidence, Economic Losses and Prevention in the Netherlands

1987 ◽  
pp. 321-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. M. Tielen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Economic Losses

scholarly journals Taiwan Vulnerability Analysis: A Comparative Study with Japan, China, U.S.A., U.K., France, and the Netherlands

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Shou Su
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

<p>Taiwan has performed well economically during the past four decades. However, economic development can be profoundly hampered by natural disasters. Sustainable economic development requires environmental resilience. With 23 million people occupying only 13,974 square miles of land, Taiwan is both densely populated and highly exposed to natural disasters: 73.1% of the total population lives in vulnerable areas, and Taiwan is ranked as the country most exposed to multiple hazards (The World Bank, 2005). Storms and floods damage Taiwan frequently, with an average of six typhoons hitting Taiwan annually for the past four decades. Taiwan had the highest occurrence and highest death toll on the natural disaster density indicator (NDDI) in comparison with China, Japan, U.S.A, U.K., France, and the Netherlands from 1985 to 2014. Also, Taiwan’s economic losses during the past thirty years are estimated at $650, 000 per km². This is approximately 5 times that of the Netherlands’ $134,362 and the U.K.’s $135,292, 8 times that of the U.S.A.’s $78,186 losses, and 9 times that of France’s $70,599. Research finds that every dollar invested into disaster preparedness would save $4 to $7 dollars in post-disaster damages (Multihazard Mitigation Council, 2005; The National Academy of Sciences, 2012). Hence, promoting urban resilience policies for disaster risk reduction should become a priority in Taiwan and other Asian nations in the future. Most important is the need of a strong political commitment and leadership to initiate and implement spatial policies toward resilience.</p>

scholarly journals Bacterial Pneumonia in Captive Wild Boars in Southern Brazil - Etiological and Pathological Causes

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalha Biondo ◽  
Karine Ludwig Takeuti ◽  
Julia Helena Montes ◽  
Laura Lopes de Almeida ◽  
Caroline Pinto de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Lung Lesion ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Close Phylogenetic Relationship

Background: Respiratory diseases are one of the major health issues described in intensive pig production, causing important economic losses. However, there is little information on the prevalence, etiology and clinical-pathological presentation of these diseases in wild boars. For this reason, this work investigated the presence in captive wild boars of pneumonic lesions and bacterial pathogens commonly detected and associated with respiratory diseases in domestic pigs.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 226 captive wild boar lungs from two farms were examined in a slaughterhouse in Southern Brazil. The pneumonic lesions were classified as cranioventral, dorsocaudal, and disseminated, and the quantification of lesions was calculated. From the total of 226 lungs, 121 were collected for laboratory examination. Lungs with macroscopic lesions suggestive of pneumonia were collected for histological, bacteriological and molecular analysis. The molecular analysis was performed to detect the presence of Actinobacillus (A.) pleuropneumoniae, Glaesserella (G.) parasuis, Mycoplasma (M.) hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma (M.) hyorhinis and Streptococcus (S.) suis serotype 2. The percentages of histological lesions and bacterial agents and their association were calculated. Cranioventral consolidation (75.2%) was the most prevalent macroscopic lung lesion, followed by disseminated (21.5%) and dorsocaudal (3.3%) distribution. Microscopically, chronic lesions were the most prevalent, representing 70.2% of the lungs. Moreover, BALT hyperplasia was present in 86.5% of the lungs, suppurative bronchopneumonia in 65.7%, and alveoli infiltrate in 46.8%. Six bacterial pathogens commonly described as agents of pig pneumonia were identified by bacterial or molecular methods: Pasteurella (P.) multocida, S. suis, M. hyopneumoniae, A. pleuropneumoniae, G. parasuis and M. hyorhinis. Twenty-eight different combinations of pathogens were identified in 84 samples (69.4%). The most common combinations were: M. hyopneumoniae and A. pleuropneumoniae (13.1%), M. hyopneumoniae, G. parasuis and M. hyorhinis (10.7%), and M. hyopneumoniae, A. pleuropneumoniae and G. parasuis (8.3%). Additionally, M. hyopneumoniae was the most frequent pathogen detected in this study, representing 58.7% of the samples. The detection of M. hyopneumoniae and M. hyorhinis by PCR was associated with the presence of BALT hyperplasia (P < 0.05) and there was also an association between the detection of M. hyopneumoniae by PCR and suppurative bronchopneumonia (P < 0.05). In addition, a significant association (P < 0.05) between the detection of M. hyopneumoniae and A. pleuropneumoniae by PCR and the histological classification (acute, subacute or chronic lesions) was observed.Discussion: The results of this study were similar to those observed in slaughtered domestic pigs, although, the detection of opportunist pathogens was less frequent than that usually described in pig pneumonia. The high prevalence of pneumonia in captive wild boars at slaughter and the similar characteristics of pneumonia in captive wild boars and domestic pigs suggest that the close phylogenetic relationship between pigs and wild boars could influence the susceptibility of both species to the colonization of the same pathogens, indicating that captive wild boars raised in confined conditions could be predisposed to respiratory diseases, similar to domestic pigs. Keywords: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, lung consolidation, slaughter, Sus scrofa, swine.

scholarly journals Sustainable post Covid19 lockdown strategy through evidence-based policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Boretti
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Full Compliance ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Risk Categories

The Covid19 epidemic is having much larger fatalities in western Europe than everywhere else in the world. However, the greater peak daily fatalities have been 10 to 20 times less than the models’ predictions and similarly occurred after half the time predicted by the models. Similar patterns of the outbreak have been achieved regardless of diversity in the containment measures. Thanks to a strict, generalized, lockdown, the United Kingdom, or Belgium, had after about the same number of days, much larger peak daily fatalities per million that countries adopting more sustainable approaches such as the Netherlands or Sweden. In the Netherlands, social distancing is suggested but not forced through an “intelligent lockdown”.  In Sweden, there is simply no lockdown.  It is now evident that Covid19 is much less contagious and lethal than what was thought, and if care is taken of the risk categories, but basic freedom is not removed restricting every movement of the healthy population damaging democracy and economy, it is possible to achieve better results. With fatalities uniformly declining across Europe, it is therefore advocated to return the sooner the better as before the lockdown period, with full compliance with preventive health instructions and social divergence, and care to protect the highest-risk groups from infection, especially for the elderly and those with chronic and respiratory diseases.

Med Psych Units: Proceedings and abstracts of the Triptych Workshop 9 december 1999 Maastricht

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Honig ◽  
J. Troost ◽  
P.M.J.C. Kuijpers ◽  
I.M. van Vliet
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Western World ◽  
Inpatient Service ◽  
List Type ◽  
General Medical Ward ◽  
Co Morbidity

Med Psych Units (MPU) are neither clear-cut medical nor psychiatric units. This makes it difficult to acquire funding for these often expensive units. Despite this, there are many reasons why MPU's should be a necessary part of any larger scale inpatient service of a general and teaching hospital. It is therefore even more remarkable that such units hardly exist in Europe and that only about twenty exist in the USA. Five main reasons why such units should be opened are:The increasing average age of the population of the Western World, with high co-morbidity and polypharmacy in the elderly and elderly elderly.An increase in the number of chronic physical diseases resulting in co-morbid psychiatric disorders. This increase in chronicity is the consequence of increasingly successful treatment of acute and potentially lethal diseases; for example, acute myocardial infarction and the subsequent development of chronic heart disease.The decreasing duration of hospital admission. On average the duration of stay in a general hospital in The Netherlands is now nine days. The number of day-treatments has doubled in the last decade. This situation means that it is not possible to observe the behavior of patients on a general medical ward or to carry out a psychiatric consultation.Inadequate medical evaluation of psychiatric patients. According to a recent survey by the Dutch Ministry of Health, the care given for physical disease to psychiatric patients in mental hospitals in The Netherlands needs much to be desired for.The psychiatric co-morbidity of somatic diseases is accompanied by a high consumption of medical facilities and high economic losses, unless adequately recognized and treated.

scholarly journals Epidemiological and economic evaluation of foot-and-mouth disease control strategies in the Netherlands.

1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
A.A. Dijkhuizen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Markov Chain Model ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Prophylactic Vaccination

A Markov chain model for a microcomputer is described in which the economic aspects of control strategies for foot-and-mouth disease in cattle and pig herds can be examined. Epidemiologically, the most favourable results for the Netherlands were obtained using the current strategy: annual vaccination of cattle combined with slaughtering of affected herds and ring vaccination. However, it is suggested that annual costs could be reduced considerably by ceasing routine prophylactic vaccination, provided that adequate measures are taken when outbreaks occur. It is concluded that the increased risk of export bans, not yet included in this simulation model, is unlikely to outweigh the benefits of reducing annual direct costs. All pathways and control strategy, cost elements and default values included in the model are tabulated as are the probable epidemiology during an outbreak, secondary outbreaks, total direct economic losses per outbreak and per year, and a results sensitivity analysis. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals The Impact of Atmospheric Pollutants on Human Health and Economic Loss Assessment

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1628
Author(s):  
Houli Zhang ◽  
Shibing You ◽  
Miao Zhang ◽  
Difei Liu ◽  
Xuyan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
The Impact

The impact of air pollution on human health is becoming increasingly severe, and economic losses are a significant impediment to economic and social development. This paper investigates the impact of air pollutants on the respiratory system and its action mechanism by using information on inpatients with respiratory diseases from two IIIA (highest) hospitals in Wuhan from 2015 to 2019, information on air pollutants, and meteorological data, as well as relevant demographic and economic data in China. This paper describes the specific conditions of air pollutant concentrations and respiratory diseases, quantifies the degree of correlation between the two, and then provides a more comprehensive assessment of the economic losses using descriptive statistical methods, the generalized additive model (GAM), cost of illness approach (COI), and scenario analysis. According to the findings, the economic losses caused by PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO exposure are USD 103.17 million, USD 70.54 million, USD 98.02 million, USD 40.35 million, and USD 142.38 million, for a total of USD 454.46 billion, or approximately 0.20% of Wuhan’s GDP in 2019. If the government tightens control of major air pollutants and meets the WHO-recommended criterion values, the annual evitable economic losses would be approximately USD 69.4 million or approximately 0.03% of Wuhan’s GDP in 2019. As a result, the relevant government departments must strengthen air pollution control to mitigate the impact of air pollution on population health and the associated economic losses.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES ON DECREASED RATE OF WEIGHT GAIN IN PIGS

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Radoslav Došen ◽  
Jasna Prodanov ◽  
Ivan Pušić ◽  
Igor Stojanov ◽  
Marko Maljković
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Chest Cavity ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Fattening Pigs

Respiratory diseases of swine cause great economic losses due to death of animals, compulsory slaughtering, reduced daily weight gain, higher consumption of feed per kilo comparing to gain, prolonged fattening time, higher percentage of low weight pigs in the slaughterhouse and increased costs of medical treatment. The aim of this paper was to evaluate how the diseases of respiratory tract influence on the appearance of reduced growth rate in pigs. The material for research were 73 piglets in which decreased weight gain was noticed and 224 fattening pigs that were delivered to a slaughter house on regular basis. The body mass of the piglets that showed decreased weight gain and of the fattening pigs was measured upon the arrival to the abattoir. At the slaughterhouse pathomorphological examination of respiratory tract and heart was carried out. Examining the organs of chest cavity in 65.75% of the slaughtered low weight pigs changes on lungs were discovered. The pathological process most often comprised at the same time apical, cardial and diaphragmatic lobes (42.46%). In 52% cases we discovered pleuropneumonia and pericarditis. In 14 cases (9.18%) abscesses in lung tissues were discovered. Examining chest cavity it was detected that in 54.88% fattening pigs there were changes on lungs. In 53 (21.54%) fattening pigs the changes influenced lesser than 10% on lung parenchyma, but in 26 (10.57%) fattening pigs changes on lung parenchyma occurred in more of 50%. On the bases of these results it can be concluded that the diseases of respiratory system in the fattening pigs raised on industrial farms are the dominant cause of death, but also the reason for forced slaughtering, and they considerably influence productional results and the efficiency of swine production.

scholarly journals Molecular Detection and Genetic Characteristics of Equine Herpesvirus in Korea

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Min-Goo Seo ◽  
In-Ohk Ouh ◽  
Sang Kyu Lee ◽  
Jong-Seok Lee ◽  
Oh-Deog Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence Identity ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Nasal Swabs

Respiratory diseases cause significant economic losses (especially in the horse racing industry). The present study describes the detection and genetic characteristics of equine herpesvirus (EHV) from a total of 1497 samples from clinically healthy horses in Korea, including 926 blood samples, 187 lung tissues, and 384 nasal swabs. EHV-2 and EHV-5 were detected in 386 (41.7%; 95% CI: 38.5–44.9) and 201 (21.7%; 95% CI: 19.1–24.4) blood samples, respectively, and in 25 (13.4%; 95% CI: 8.5–18.2) and 35 (18.7%; 95% CI: 13.1–24.3) lung tissues, respectively. EHV-1 and EHV-4 were not detected in either blood or lung tissues. EHV-1, EHV-2, and EHV-5 were detected in 46 (12.0%; 95% CI: 8.7–15.2), 21 (5.5%; 95% CI: 3.2–7.7), and 43 (11.2%; 95% CI: 8.0–14.4) nasal swabs, respectively. EHV-4 was not detected in nasal swabs. Co-infection with EHV-2 and EHV-5 was detected in 11.6% (107/926) of the blood samples and 6.4% (12/187) of lung tissues. In nasal swabs, co-infection with EHV-1, EHV-2, and EHV-5 was detected in 0.8% (3/384) of samples. Phylogenetic analysis of the glycoprotein B gene showed that EHV-1, EHV-2, and EHV-5 strains demonstrated significant genetic diversity in Korea, with a nucleotide sequence identity among them that ranged from 95.7% to 100% for EHV-1, 96.2–100% for EHV-2, and 93.8–99.3% for EHV-5. These results are the first phylogenetic analyses of EHV-1 in Korea in nasal swabs from a nationwide population of clinically healthy horses. Both EHV-2 and EHV-5 from blood, lung tissues, and nasal swabs were also detected.

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