scholarly journals Clinical, Laboratory and Ultrasonographic Findings of Diabetic Dog with Emphysematous Cystitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Felipe De Magalhães ◽  
Francisco Jucélio Correia Canuto ◽  
Gisele De Oliveira Matos Gomes ◽  
Marília Lídia Maia Rôla ◽  
Roméria Rodrigues Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Emphysematous Cystitis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diabetic Dog

Background: Emphysematous cystitis is a rare inflammatory disease of the lower urinary tract characterized by the accumulation of gas within the wall and lumen of the urinary bladder. The clinical manifestations of emphysematous cystitis resemble those of bacterial cystitis, often hindering the differentiation between the two. In this work, we report a case of emphysematous cystitis in a diabetic dog. The diagnosis of cystitis was followed by ultrasonography for the early detection of emphysematous cystitis, which showed the presence of multifocal and irregular hyperechoic interfaces forming a distal reverberation artifact.                                                                                       Case: A 9-year-old female dog was referred to VETCLINIC Veterinary Hospital 24 hours with a history of urinary incontinence, polydipsia, polyuria, and diabetes mellitus. At first, the blood glucose was measured and found to be 376 mg/dL. Blood count, biochemical measurements of alkaline phosphatase (AF), urea, creatinine, and alanine aminotransferase (AAT), urinalysis, urine culture with antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and abdominal ultrasonography were performed. The hematological exams showed that the serum was lipemic and with hemolysis; the values of AAT, AF, and total plasma proteins were above the reference values; hematocrit was below the normal level; erythrocyte rouleaux and thrombocytosis with platelet aggregates were present. Urinalysis showed the presence of traces of proteins, glucose, and occult blood as well as granular and hyaline cylinders and transitional epithelial cells. In urine culture, growth of the aerobic bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae was observed, being sensitive to most of the antimicrobials. Ultrasonography showed the presence of gas in the wall of the urinary bladder, besides a discrete thickening of the wall, compatible with the diagnosis of emphysematous cystitis.                                                                                                   Discussion: The first report of emphysematous cystitis in dogs was made in 1926 in a diabetic dog. Emphysematous cystitis is complicated, characterized by the presence of gas in the wall and lumen of the urinary bladder. It is usually reported in patients with diabetes mellitus. The patient presented with a very high glycemic index (376 mg/dL), in addition to having a history of urinary obstruction and presence of bladder stones, which may have acted as predisposing factors for the onset of emphysematous cystitis. In the present case, ultrasonography was the examination of choice. Hyperechoic reverberation-forming lines, identified as gas present in the topography of the urinary bladder, were easily visualized, as described in the literature. For the treatment of this condition, adequate management of the diet and the correct use of antimicrobials are of fundamental importance since the presence of diabetes mellitus in this patient can present serious complications in the future. This report shows the importance of the use of a combination of diagnostic tools to arrive at the correct diagnosis of the patient.

Etiology and clinical features of epididymo-orchitis: A single-center study in Tehran, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Abolghasemi ◽  
Mohammad Alizadeh ◽  
Ali Hashemi ◽  
Shabnam Tehrani
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Urinary Frequency ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Epididymo-orchitis is a common urological disease among men. Little is known about the clinical and epidemiological aspects of the disease in Iran. Thus, the present study was aimed to investigate the etiology, clinical sequelae and risk factors of patients with epididymo-orchitis in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: Patients presenting with epididymo-orchitis were prospectively analyzed in order to study the etiology and pattern of the disease. Bacteriological, molecular and serological tests were undertaken to look for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Brucella spp., Mycoplasma spp, and other bacteria. Results: Fifty patients with epididymo-orchitis were evaluated according to their clinical symptoms, duration of symptoms, physical examination, and laboratory studies. The mean age of the patients was 53 years. Fever, dysuria, pain in the flanks, urinary frequency and discharges occurred in 58.0%, 50.0%, 50.0%, 28.0% and 6.0%, respectively. Bacterial pathogen was identified in 26% (13/50) of patients by urine culture. Escherichia coli was the etiological agent in 11/13 patients (84.6%). Two out of 50 patients (4.0%) were also positive for Chlamydia trachomatis. Two samples were serologically positive for Brucella spp. High Mean age, fever, urinary frequency, history of the underlying disease and history of urinary tract infections were found to have a significant association with the positive bacteriologic urine culture (P<0.05). Conclusions: The most common clinical manifestations were fever, dysuria, and abdominal pain. E. coli and C. trachomatis were the major causative agents. Use of a set of diagnostic approaches including clinical symptoms, urine culture and more precise techniques such as PCR should be taken into consideration for the definitive diagnosis.

MODY3 in the children and adolescents: the molecular-genetic basis and clinico-laboratory manifestations

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
E A Sechko ◽  
T L Kuraeva ◽  
L I Zil’berman ◽  
O N Ivanova ◽  
V A Peterkova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Common Mutation ◽  
Molecular Genetic Basis ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hba1c Levels

The present study of HNF1А gene involved 121 children suspected to have the nonimmune-mediated form of diabetes mellitus. Diagnosis of MODY3 was verified in 18 (19.4%) probands. Disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism in one of the parents were documented in 94.5% of the cases. Metabolic disorders were revealed in the probands at the mean age of 11.65 years (9.8; 14.6), the clinical manifestations of diabetes mellitus (DM) were apparent in 16.7% of the children, the fasting blood glucose level was 7.5 mmol/l, HbA1c 6.6% (6.5; 7.7), 66.7% of the children had a history of glucosuria and 33.3% suffered obesity. The normal fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels were found in 22.2% of the children. In 100% of the cases, results of OGTT suggested diabetes despite insulin secretion. Low titers of anti-GAD and anti-IA2 antibodies were detected in 20.0 and 22.2% of the children respectively. The most common mutation was p.P291fs.

scholarly journals Clinical and immunologic features in severe and moderate forms of Coronavirus Disease 2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Chen ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Yong Cao ◽  
Da Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Few Data

AbstractBackgroundSince late December, 2019, an outbreak of pneumonia cases caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, and continued to spread throughout China and across the globe. To date, few data on immunologic features of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported.MethodsIn this single-centre retrospective study, a total of 21 patients with pneumonia who were laboratory-confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan Tongji hospital were included from Dec 19, 2019 to Jan 27, 2020. The immunologic characteristics as well as their clinical, laboratory, radiological features were compared between 11 severe cases and 10 moderate cases.ResultsOf the 21 patients with COVID-19, only 4 (19%) had a history of exposure to the Huanan seafood market. 7 (33.3%) patients had underlying conditions. The average age of severe and moderate cases was 63.9 and 51.4 years, 10 (90.9%) severe cases and 7 (70.0%) moderate cases were male. Common clinical manifestations including fever (100%, 100%), cough (70%, 90%), fatigue (100%, 70%) and myalgia (50%, 30%) in severe cases and moderate cases. PaO2/FiO2 ratio was significantly lower in severe cases (122.9) than moderate cases (366.2). Lymphocyte counts were significantly lower in severe cases (0.7 × 10□/L) than moderate cases (1.1 × 10□/L). Alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase levels, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and ferritin were significantly higher in severe cases (41.4 U/L, 567.2 U/L, 135.2 mg/L and 1734.4 ug/L) than moderate cases (17.6 U/L, 234.4 U/L, 51.4 mg/L and 880.2 ug /L). IL-2R, TNF-α and IL-10 concentrations on admission were significantly higher in severe cases (1202.4 pg/mL, 10.9 pg/mL and 10.9 pg/mL) than moderate cases (441.7 pg/mL, 7.5 pg/mL and 6.6 pg/mL). Absolute number of total T lymphocytes, CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells decreased in nearly all the patients, and were significantly lower in severe cases (332.5, 185.6 and 124.3 × 106/L) than moderate cases (676.5, 359.2 and 272.0 × 106/L). The expressions of IFN-γ by CD4+T cells tended to be lower in severe cases (14.6%) than moderate cases (23.6%).ConclusionThe SARS-CoV-2 infection may affect primarily T lymphocytes, particularly CD4+T cells, resulting in significant decrease in number as well as IFN-γ production, which may be associated with disease severity. Together with clinical characteristics, early immunologic indicators including diminished T lymphocytes and elevated cytokines may serve as potential markers for prognosis in COVID-19.

scholarly journals Elderly patient with atypical leiomyoma of the bladder presenting as flank pain: A case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Ameli ◽  
Mina Rahmandoost
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Bladder Wall ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Flank Pain ◽  
Mesenteric Fat ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tract Infections

Atypical leiomyoma is a rare tumor of the bladder whose correct diagnosis with imaging techniques and cystoscopy is difficult. This tumor is prevalent in females and more common in middle age. In the present study we report a rare case of atypical leiomyoma presenting as flank pain and history of recurrent urinary tract infections in an elderly female. Ultrasound (US) showed that the wall of bladder was thickening and irregular, especially in the lower part of the bladder. US revealed hypoechoic solid mass with dimensions of 37 x 26 mm in the posterior bladder wall protruding into the bladder. Computed Tomography scan of the patient showed a mass with dimensions of 29 x 38 mm in the posterior wall of the bladder that infiltrated the mesenteric fat and also seemed to be invading the intestinal wall. According to the general condition and age of our patient, we removed all of the mass under spinal anesthesia by transurethral bladder resection (TURBT). Biopsy results showed atypical leiomyoma. About 6 months after the patient follow-up, no recurrence was observed and symptoms had completely resolved. According to the non-specificity of the imaging, of the age of presentation and of clinical manifestations of atypical leiomyoma differential diagnosis for bladder cancer it is recommended. Only with histopathologic findings, the diagnosis can be confirmed.

Intravesical Instillation of Dilute Formalin for the Treatment of Severe Hemorrhagic Emphysematous Cystitis in a Diabetic Dog

2004 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd D. Henrikson ◽  
Lisa Moore ◽  
David S. Biller ◽  
Thomas Schermerhorn
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Hemorrhagic Cystitis ◽  
Intravesical Instillation ◽  
Emphysematous Cystitis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Diabetic Dog

Intravesical formalin is a known treatment for control of hemorrhagic cystitis caused by multiple etiologies in humans and dogs. This case report documents the successful use of intravesical formalin for the treatment of severe hemorrhagic cystitis that occurred secondary to emphysematous cystitis in a diabetic dog. In addition, a review of emphysematous cystitis and the use of intravesical formalin in human and veterinary medicine is discussed. Formalin instillation into the urinary bladder is an option for life-threatening, refractory cases of hemorrhagic cystitis; but clinicians must be familiar with the proper technique and be aware of potential complications prior to its use.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Urinary Tract Conditions and Factors Associated with Urolithiasis in Domestic Cats in Nairobi, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-201
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tract Disease

This was a retrospective study that covered a 10-year period from January 2009 to December 2018. The study had three aims which were to determine prevalence, clinical manifestations and factors associated with urolithiasis in domestic cats in Nairobi County, Kenya. It also considered prevalence of other urinary tract conditions that occurred in domestic cats in the same county. Clinical data of all cases of cats were collected from 5 purposively selected veterinary clinics. Specific data was retrieved, which included breed, sex, age, weight, neuter history, and clinical findings. Univariate and multivariate analysis was done to determine factors associated with urolithiasis. The total number of domestic cat cases in the 10-year period was 4,404. A total of 104 cases had urinary tract conditions, of which 28 had urolithiasis, thus making general overall prevalence of urinary tract conditions to be 2.4% and prevalence of urolithiasis 0.6%. Among cases with urinary tract conditions, prevalence of urolithiasis was 26.9%. Definitive diagnosis of causes of urinary tract disease in cats was recorded in 75 cases. Urolithiasis was the major cause 37.3% followed by idiopathic feline lower urinary tract diseases and idiopathic cystitis both at 22.7%. The results showed that history of dysuria, distended urinary bladder and body weight were significantly associated with urolithiasis in domestic cats. This current study concluded that prevalence of urolithiasis in Nairobi County, Kenya was low, but among cases with urinary tract conditions, it had the highest prevalence. These findings were different from similar literature where idiopathic cystitis is reported to be the major cause of urinary tract disease in cats. The main clinical symptoms of cats suffering from urolithiasis were dysuria, hematuria, stranguria, distended urinary bladder and painful abdomen.

scholarly journals A case of alcohol-related emphysematous cystitis

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
A. Sancı ◽  
E. Aydoğ ◽  
M.C. Karaburun ◽  
E. Süer
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Emphysematous Cystitis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Classical Risk Factor ◽  
Negative Urine Culture

Emphysematous cystitis (EC) is a very rare urinary tract infectious disease that can be fatal if not treated. In general, it frequently occurs in diabetic women and is thought to be associated with gas-producing bacteria. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression, drugs (mostly steroids), neurogenic bladder and instrumentation are the major risk factors of this type of infection. We present a case of emphysematous cystitis in a 53-year-old male, in which the patient does not have any classical risk factors associated with EC other than alcohol consumption. To the best of our knowledge, the only case in the literature where this type of infection develops without a classical risk factor and negative urine culture. It is also one of the rare EC cases that may be associated with alcohol use.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 infection: Understanding the immune system abnormalities to get an adequate diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Medina-Quero ◽  
Omar Barreto-Rodriguez ◽  
Voltaire Mendez-Rodriguez ◽  
Anahí Sanchez-Moncivais ◽  
Ivette Buendia-Roldan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Virus Structure ◽  
Immune System Function ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

COVID-19 is the current pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, that emerged from China at the end of December 2019. The scientific community is making extraordinary efforts to understand the virus structure and the pathophysiology and immunological processes activated in the host, in order to identify biomarkers, diagnostic tools, treatments, and vaccines to decrease COVID-19 incidence and mortality. Various abnormalities have been noted during SARS-CoV-2 infection both in lymphoid and myeloid cells. Such abnormalities may disturb the immune system function and cause a massive inflammatory response that impairs tissue function. This review discusses the close relationship between the immune system abnormalities and the broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, including fibrosis, in the context of COVID-19 disease. Moreover, we described the current strategies for COVID-19 diagnosis, and we provide a summary of the most useful clinical laboratory parameters to identify severe COVID-19 patients.

Emphysematous Cystitis and Pneumoperitoneum in a Dog with Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection and Hyperadrenocorticism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha K. Day ◽  
Erin T. Mooney
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Bladder Rupture ◽  
Emphysematous Cystitis ◽  
Abdominal Radiographs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT A 9 yr old male neutered Staffordshire bull terrier with a history of poorly controlled hyperadrenocorticism, urinary tract infections, and emphysematous cystitis (EC) was presented to a veterinary referral teaching hospital for vomiting. Abdominal radiographs revealed EC and a pneumoperitoneum. The urinary bladder was found to be intact based on ultrasound and a pre- and postiohexol contrast computed tomography study with retrograde contrast cystogram. Urine culture confirmed the presence of a recurrent Escherichia coli urinary tract infection. The patient was managed medically, primarily as an outpatient, and had complete resolution of all problems. This case represents an extremely rare form of EC with pneumoperitoneum, without evidence of concurrent urinary bladder rupture. Only six similar cases have been reported in humans, with no previous cases reported in veterinary medicine. This case demonstrated that surgery is not necessarily indicated in all cases of pneumoperitoneum. The patient remained alive at 2 mo follow-up, with no evidence of recurrence of EC.

scholarly journals A Case of Obstructing Candida Glabrata Bladder Mucus Treated with Intravesicular Amphotericin - B

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 720-724
Author(s):  
Dr. Nicholas Gaeto, PGY 2, ◽  
Dr. Glenn Goodwin, PGY 2, D.O. ◽  
Mara Seat, OMS III
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Past Medical History ◽  
Emphysematous Cystitis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Repeat Imaging

A 51-year-old female with a past medical history of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus presented to the emergency department with signs of emphysematous cystitis and pyelonephritis with associated Enterococcus faecalis bacteremia and Candida Glabrata (C.Glabrata) fungemia. She was treated with micafungin and amoxicillin with improvement in her symptoms. During her course she underwent repeat imaging which showed improvement in her cystitis and no obstruction in her bladder. She was discharged on home IV micafungin. She returned to the emergency department the next day with acute urinary obstruction and was found to have a completely obstructing mucus ball in her bladder. This was removed cystoscopically and surgical cultures grew C. glabrata. She was successfully treated with intra-vesicular amphotericin B and was discharged.

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