scholarly journals A doença socialista e o mosquito dos pobres

ILUMINURAS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (42) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Segata
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Urban Anthropology ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
The City

O tipo de antropologia urbana que serve como base deste trabalho, leva em consideração o modo como os mosquitos e os humanos têm suas vidas cruzadas e coproduzidas e como juntos eles fazem a cidade. Seguindo esses propósitos, na primeira parte do artigo eu busco evidenciar o papel da febre amarela na produção das cidades, a partir de situações que ficaram conhecidas como reformas urbanas, na virada dos séculos XIX e XX. Na segunda parte do texto, a partir de elementos que trago do trabalho de campo entre agentes de  controle de endemias do município de Natal/RN, eu desloco a atenção para as políticas em torno da dengue, que ganharam substância nos últimos trinta anos e no modo como a sua atenção centrada nos mosquitos produz áreas de vulnerabilidade. Palavras-chave: Relações humano-Aedes aegypti. Reformas urbanas. Áreas de vulnerabilidade.A socialist disease and the mosquito of the poorAbstractThe type of urban anthropology that serves as the basis of this work, takes into consideration how mosquitoes and humans have their lives crossed and co-produced, and how together they make the city. Following these purposes, the first part of the paper I try to highlight the role of Yellow Fever in the production of cities, from situations that were known as urban reforms by the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Besides, in the second part of the text, I bring elements from fieldwork with endemics control agents of Natal, RN, I change attention to policies around the dengue, which gained substance in the last thirty years, and how its attention with focus on mosquitoes produces areas of vulnerability.Keywords: Relations human-Aedes aegypti. Urban reforms. Vulnerability areas.

The Caribbean, Carlos Finlay, Walter Reed, and Serendipity

2021 ◽  
pp. 182-197
Author(s):  
Robert N. Wiedenmann ◽  
J. Ray Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Spanish American War ◽  
Spanish Colonies ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Post War

This chapter reviews the role of expanding sugarcane plantations throughout the Caribbean in the movement of slaves, mosquitoes and disease, as world empires jockeyed for dominance in world sugar markets. It relates how increased sugarcane production and exports to Europe led to increased importation of slaves to work the fields. As the African embarkation point of slaves moved north to the Slave Coast, yellow fever and the mosquito Aedes aegypti came into play, though when England banned slaveholding, sugar production shifted to the Spanish colonies of Puerto Rico and Cuba. The brief Spanish-American War of 1898, over control of Cuba, cemented the fame of Colonel Theodore Roosevelt but resulted in more deaths from yellow fever than combat, with the outbreak continuing during the post-war occupation of Cuba. Serendipity played a significant role in the subsequent discovery of the cause of the disease, connecting the Yellow Fever Commission, led by Major Walter Reed, with Cuban physician, Dr. Carlos Finlay, whose early experiments pointed to mosquitos and others while a series of experiments by Reed's team showed Aedes aegypti was the vector.

scholarly journals Aedes vector–host olfactory interactions in sylvatic and domestic dengue transmission environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1914) ◽  
pp. 20192136 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Tchouassi ◽  
Juliah W. Jacob ◽  
Edwin O. Ogola ◽  
Rosemary Sang ◽  
Baldwyn Torto
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Disease Vectors ◽  
Domestic Environment ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Dengue Transmission ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Human Primate

Interactions between Aedes ( Stegomyia ) species and non-human primate (NHP) and human hosts govern the transmission of the pathogens, dengue, zika, yellow fever and chikungunya viruses. Little is known about Aedes mosquito olfactory interactions with these hosts in the domestic and sylvatic cycles where these viruses circulate. Here, we explore how the different host-derived skin odours influence Aedes mosquito responses in these two environments. In field assays, we show that the cyclic ketone cyclohexanone is a signature cue for Aedes mosquitoes to detect the NHP baboon, sykes and vervet, whereas for humans, it is the unsaturated aliphatic keto-analogue 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (sulcatone). We find that in the sylvatic environment, CO 2 -baited traps combined with either cyclohexanone or sulcatone increased trap catches of Aedes mosquitoes compared to traps either baited with CO 2 alone or CO 2 combined with NHP- or human-derived crude skin odours. In the domestic environment, each of these odourants and crude human skin odours increased Aedes aegypti catches in CO 2 -baited traps. These results expand our knowledge on the role of host odours in the ecologies of Aedes mosquitoes, and the likelihood of associated spread of pathogens between primates and humans. Both cyclohexanone and sulcatone have potential practical applications as lures for monitoring Aedes disease vectors.

scholarly journals A decade of arbovirus emergence in the temperate southern cone of South America: dengue, Aedes aegypti and climate dynamics in Córdoba, Argentina

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabet L. Estallo ◽  
Rachel Sippy ◽  
Anna M. Stewart-Ibarra ◽  
Marta G. Grech ◽  
Elisabet M. Benitez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Surveillance Study ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Dengue Transmission ◽  
The City

AbstractBackgroundArgentina is located at the southern temperate range of arboviral transmission by the mosquito Aedes aegypti and has experienced a rapid increase in disease transmission in recent years. Here we present findings from an entomological surveillance study that began in Córdoba, Argentina, following the emergence of dengue in 2009.MethodsFrom 2009 to 2017, larval surveys were conducted monthly, from November to May, in 600 randomly selected households distributed across the city. From 2009 to 2013, ovitraps (n=177) were sampled weekly to monitor the oviposition activity of Ae. aegypti. We explored seasonal and interannual dynamics of entomological variables and dengue transmission. Cross correlation analysis was used to identify significant lag periods.ResultsAedes aegypti were detected over the entire study period, and abundance peaked during the summer months (January to March). We identified a considerable increase in the proportion of homes with juvenile Ae. aegypti over the study period (from 5.7% of homes in 2009-10 to 15.4% of homes in 2016-17). Aedes aegypti eggs per ovitrap and larval abundance were positively associated with temperature in the same month. Autochthonous dengue transmission peaked in April, following a peak in imported dengue cases in March; autochthonous dengue was not positively associated with vector or climate variables.ConclusionsThis longitudinal study provides insights into the complex dynamics of arbovirus transmission and vector populations in a temperate region of arbovirus emergence. Our findings suggest that Córdoba is well suited for arbovirus disease transmission, given the stable and abundant vector populations. Further studies are needed to better understand the role of regional human movement.Author summaryThere is an increasing risk of arbovirus transmission in temperate regions. Argentina is located at the southern range of dengue virus transmission by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. In the last decade, epidemics of dengue fever have emerged for the first time in the city of Córdoba, Argentina. We present the study design and findings from an entomological surveillance study in Córdoba, which began following the emergence of dengue in 2009. We found that Ae. aegypti were most abundant from January to March, followed by a peak in local dengue transmission in April. Over the study period, we noted a considerable increase in the proportion of homes with Ae. aegypti. Vector indices were positively associated with warmer temperatures, which have been increasing in this region. However, the timing of local dengue transmission appears to be driven by the appearance of imported dengue cases associated with human movement. These results highlight the important role of long term surveillance studies in areas of disease emergence.

First Report of Adult Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Resistance to Pyrethroids in Argentina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Harburguer ◽  
Paula V Gonzalez ◽  
Eduardo Zerba
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Integrated Vector Management ◽  
Vector Management ◽  
Dengue Outbreaks ◽  
Arboviral Diseases ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

Abstract Severe human arboviral diseases can be transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus), including dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever. Adult control using spatial sprays with adulticides is recommended only when dengue outbreaks occur. In Argentina, mainly pyrethroids, like cis-permethrin, have been used as an adulticide, especially since 2008. The evolution and spread of resistance to insecticides is a major concern for vector control. This study reports for the first time pyrethroid resistance in Ae. aegypti adults from Argentina, in the city of Salvador Mazza (Salta). WHO discriminating doses of 0.75% were used for permethrin, 0.05% for deltamethrin, and 5% for malathion. Also the discriminating dose for cis-permethrin (0.6%) was calculated and evaluated for the first time. We found a resistance ratio 50 (RR50) of 10.3 (9.7–10.4) for cis-permethrin, which is considered as high resistance. Our results also indicated resistance to deltamethrin (22.6% mortality) and permethrin (53.6% mortality), and a total susceptibility to malathion (100% mortality). Results from this study highlight the importance of the correct use of insecticides within an Integrated Vector Management (IVM) approach and of early detection of resistance to enable Ae. aegypti control in Argentina. More studies are needed to determine the spread of mosquito resistance to pyrethroids.

scholarly journals Localization and role of inward rectifier K+ channels in Malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 59-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Piermarini ◽  
Sonja M. Dunemann ◽  
Matthew F. Rouhier ◽  
Travis L. Calkins ◽  
Rene Raphemot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Inward Rectifier ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Yellow Fever Mosquito ◽  
K Channels

scholarly journals The Role of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel (VGSC) Gene Mutations in the Resistance of Aedes aegypti L. to Pyrethroid Permethrin in Palembang and Jakarta, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryadi Islami ◽  
Anggi Puspa Nur Hidayati ◽  
Heri Wibowo ◽  
Din Syafruddin
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Current Problem ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Gene Fragment ◽  
Voltage Gated ◽  
Bioassay Test ◽  
A Current

Aedes aegypti mosquito is a vector that could transmit various pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Several human diseases transmitted by Ae. aegypti mosquito are dengue fever (DHF), Chikungunya, Yellow Fever and Zika. The occurance of resistance to various insecticides, including pyrethroid, is a current problem faced by various countries. In this research, a WHO bioassay test on Palembang and Jakarta Ae. aegypti was conducted using 0.25% permethrin pyrethroid insecticide. VGSC gene fragments associated with pyrethroid resistance (L982, S989, I1011, L1014, V1016 and F1534) of resistant and sensitive strains were amplified and analyzed. The test showed the presence of resistance in Ae. aegypti isolates from Palembang and Jakarta. From the results of VGSC gene fragment analyses, it was known that there were mutations (S989P and/or V1016G) on isolates from Palembang and (S989P and/or V1016G) on resistant isolates from Jakarta.

Yellow Fever in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 160-181
Author(s):  
Robert N. Wiedenmann ◽  
J. Ray Fisher
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
The United States ◽  
Abraham Lincoln ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Slave Ships ◽  
The City

This chapter focuses on yellow fever, which inspired dread in the United States when epidemics occurred in the 1700s and 1800s. The 1878 epidemic in Memphis, Tennessee, triggered an exodus from the city of frightened people who often took the disease with them and resulted in the deaths of an estimated 20,000 people in the southern United States. As the chapter relates, the cause of the disease was unknown at the time, bringing fear and ineffective attempts to prevent or cure it. An early effort in biowarfare even attempted, unsuccessfully, to use clothing soiled by yellow fever victims to infect President Abraham Lincoln. The chapter goes on to describe how yellow fever, classified as a flavivirus, is transmitted by Aedes aegypti, both native to East Africa. Yellow fever arrived in the Americas because of a sequence of unlikely events that allowed the mosquito, virus, and susceptible victims to be transported to there on slave ships, a sequence traceable to the Silk Roads.

scholarly journals Role of the yellow fever virus structural protein genes in viral dissemination from the Aedes aegypti mosquito midgut

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 2993-3001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate L. McElroy ◽  
Konstantin A. Tsetsarkin ◽  
Dana L. Vanlandingham ◽  
Stephen Higgs
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Yellow Fever Virus ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Viral Genetics ◽  
Mosquito Midgut ◽  
Infectious Clones ◽  
Domain Iii

Live-attenuated virus vaccines are key components in controlling arboviral diseases, but they must not disseminate in or be transmitted by mosquito vectors. Although the cycles in which many mosquito-borne viruses are transmitted are well understood, the role of viral genetics in these processes has not been fully elucidated. Yellow fever virus (YFV) is an important arbovirus and the prototype member of the family Flaviviridae. Here, YFV was used in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes as a model to investigate the genetic basis of infection and dissemination in mosquitoes. Viruses derived from infectious clones and chimeric viruses with defined sequential manipulations were used to investigate the influence of specific sequences within the membrane and envelope structural protein genes on dissemination of virus from the mosquito midgut. Substitution of domain III of the envelope protein from a midgut-restricted YFV into a wild-type YFV resulted in a marked decrease in virus dissemination, suggesting an important role for domain III in this process. However, synergism between elements within the flavivirus structural and non-structural protein genes may be necessary for efficient virus escape from the mosquito midgut.

scholarly journals First Detection and Co-occurrence of kdr (F1534C and S989P) Mutations in Multiple Insecticides Resistant Aedes aegypti in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeoluwa Kayode Fagbohun ◽  
Emmanuel Taiwo Idowu ◽  
Tolulope Amos Oyeniyi ◽  
Adedapo O. Adeogun ◽  
Kemi Adesalu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Resistance Phenotype ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time

The outbreak of yellow fever transmitted by Aedes aegypti has been of major concern in Nigeria, this mosquito also transmits several other arboviruses globally. The control of many of the Aedes aegypti borne diseases relies heavily on the use of insecticides. Therefore, constant monitoring of insecticide resistance status and associated mechanisms in crucial within the local population. Here, we determined the resistance profile of adult Aedes aegypti from Ikorodu Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria to different classes of insecticides using WHO procedures. The presence of kdr mutations F1534C, S989P and V1016G were also determined among resistant populations using molecular methods. High level of resistance to DDT and pyrethroid was rec-orded in Aedes aegypti in this study, though possible resistance to deltamethrin was reported in one of the locations. Resistance to bendiocarb was recorded in Majidun community while Aedes aegypti in both locations were susceptible to malathion. The presence of F1534C mutation associated with resistance in Aedes aegypti was detected for the first time in Nigeria, and the presence of S989P mutation was detected singly and in co-occurrence with F1534C for the first time in Africa. The role of these mutations in resistance phenotype expressed in Aedes aegypti in this study area need to established.

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