scholarly journals First Detection and Co-occurrence of kdr (F1534C and S989P) Mutations in Multiple Insecticides Resistant Aedes aegypti in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeoluwa Kayode Fagbohun ◽  
Emmanuel Taiwo Idowu ◽  
Tolulope Amos Oyeniyi ◽  
Adedapo O. Adeogun ◽  
Kemi Adesalu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Resistance Phenotype ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time

The outbreak of yellow fever transmitted by Aedes aegypti has been of major concern in Nigeria, this mosquito also transmits several other arboviruses globally. The control of many of the Aedes aegypti borne diseases relies heavily on the use of insecticides. Therefore, constant monitoring of insecticide resistance status and associated mechanisms in crucial within the local population. Here, we determined the resistance profile of adult Aedes aegypti from Ikorodu Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria to different classes of insecticides using WHO procedures. The presence of kdr mutations F1534C, S989P and V1016G were also determined among resistant populations using molecular methods. High level of resistance to DDT and pyrethroid was rec-orded in Aedes aegypti in this study, though possible resistance to deltamethrin was reported in one of the locations. Resistance to bendiocarb was recorded in Majidun community while Aedes aegypti in both locations were susceptible to malathion. The presence of F1534C mutation associated with resistance in Aedes aegypti was detected for the first time in Nigeria, and the presence of S989P mutation was detected singly and in co-occurrence with F1534C for the first time in Africa. The role of these mutations in resistance phenotype expressed in Aedes aegypti in this study area need to established.

Resistance Status to Deltamethrin, Permethrin, and Temephos Along With Preliminary Resistance Mechanism in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) From Punjab, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1304-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan ◽  
Waseem Akram
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Target Site Resistance ◽  
Control Failure ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Nonsignificant Effect

Abstract The use of insecticides such as deltamethrin, permethrin, and temephos has been a primary tool to manage Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) in Punjab province, Pakistan; however, recent reports of control failure necessitate monitoring insecticide resistance. For this reason, we evaluated 12 field strains of Ae. aegypti from Punjab for resistance against deltamethrin, permethrin, and temephos along with underlying resistance mechanisms. For deltamethrin, high level of resistance was observed in Rawalpindi, Faisalabad, Sheikhupura, Lahore, Pattoki, and Kasur strains (RRLC50 > 10-fold); moderate level of resistance in Sargodha, Gujranwala, and Sialkot strains (RRLC50 = 5- to 10-fold), and low level of resistance in Okara, Multan, and Sahiwal strains (RRLC50 < 5-fold). In the case of permethrin, high level of resistance was found in all the field strains, except the Okara strain that exhibited moderate resistance. For temephos, five field strains, viz. Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Kasur, Lahore, and Gujranwala, showed high level of resistance; five strains, viz. Sheikhupura, Sialkot, Pattoki, Sahiwal, and Okara, showed moderate resistance, and two strains from Multan and Sargodha showed low resistance to temephos. Synergism bioassays implementing piperonyl butoxide and S,S,S-tributylphosphorotrithioate exhibited a nonsignificant effect on synergizing toxicity of deltamethrin and permethrin in all field strains except the Lahore strain, suggesting the possible role of target-site resistance mechanism. However, both synergists had a significant effect on synergizing toxicity of temephos in all field strains, suggesting the possibility of metabolic-based mechanism of insecticide resistance. In conclusion, the study confirmed the presence of resistance to deltamethrin, permethrin, and temephos in the studied field strains of Ae. aegypti from Punjab, Pakistan.

РЕГІОНАЛЬНИЙ МИТЕЦЬ В ІНОКУЛЬТУРНОМУ СЕРЕДОВИЩІ: ПРОБЛЕМА ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ

2020 ◽  
pp. 152-158
Author(s):  
Admink Admink ◽  
Сергій Виткалов ◽  
Валентина Вігула
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Government Reform ◽  
Different Levels

Розглядається організаційно-культурна діяльність одного з помітних у регіональному просторі Західного Полісся фотомитця – Олександра Купчинського, а саме виставковий її вектор, втілений в презентації артефактів світового фотомистецтва; видавничий, розглянутий у  контексті  друку  різноманітних  фотоальбомів  із  творів експонентів, організація творчих зустрічей художньої інтелігенції міста з питань обговорення актуальних питань культурного розвитку, заснування фотоклубу тощо. Доводиться, що втрата зв’язку з Батьківщиною, у якій би формі це не відбувалося, не дозволяє митцю творчо самореалізуватися повною мірою. The importance and problematic range of local government reform in the regions of the country and ways of its solution in the field of culture are analyzed. The most effective steps are proposed for management structures at different levels to change attitudes of both the management and the local population regarding different cultural practices. Emphasis is placed on the role of sectoral methodological services in the implementation of this reform. The experience of other countries in activating the local population in this process is emphasized. An attempt has been made to offer effective, in the authors' opinion, solutions to the reform. Emphasis is placed on the educational factor.

scholarly journals Effects of piperonyl butoxide on the toxicity of the organophosphate temephos and the role of esterases in the insecticide resistance of Aedes aegypti

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boscolli Barbosa Pereira ◽  
Jean Ezequiel Limongi ◽  
Edimar Olegário de Campos Júnior ◽  
Denis Prudencio Luiz ◽  
Warwick Estevam Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide

The Caribbean, Carlos Finlay, Walter Reed, and Serendipity

2021 ◽  
pp. 182-197
Author(s):  
Robert N. Wiedenmann ◽  
J. Ray Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Spanish American War ◽  
Spanish Colonies ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Post War

This chapter reviews the role of expanding sugarcane plantations throughout the Caribbean in the movement of slaves, mosquitoes and disease, as world empires jockeyed for dominance in world sugar markets. It relates how increased sugarcane production and exports to Europe led to increased importation of slaves to work the fields. As the African embarkation point of slaves moved north to the Slave Coast, yellow fever and the mosquito Aedes aegypti came into play, though when England banned slaveholding, sugar production shifted to the Spanish colonies of Puerto Rico and Cuba. The brief Spanish-American War of 1898, over control of Cuba, cemented the fame of Colonel Theodore Roosevelt but resulted in more deaths from yellow fever than combat, with the outbreak continuing during the post-war occupation of Cuba. Serendipity played a significant role in the subsequent discovery of the cause of the disease, connecting the Yellow Fever Commission, led by Major Walter Reed, with Cuban physician, Dr. Carlos Finlay, whose early experiments pointed to mosquitos and others while a series of experiments by Reed's team showed Aedes aegypti was the vector.

scholarly journals Maiden Partisan Rural Local Government Elections: Bangladesh Experience

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Mashiur Rahman ◽  
Salma Nasrin
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Daily Newspapers ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Grass Root Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
First Time ◽  
Election Commission

A paradigm shift in the political system has been taken in Bangladesh on 12 October, 2015 with the final approval by the Cabinet to hold local polls on partisan basis. The long historical practice of non-partisan local polls has been shifted to first ever partisan poll that brought major challenges for the existing confrontational political parties of Bangladesh. Ruling Bangladesh Awami League considered demonstrating its popularity at grass-root level and controlled all political institution through this election while Bangladesh Nationalist Party had opposed these partisan local government elections as a political trick with an ill motive by the government. For the first time in Independent Bangladesh, 9th Union Parishad[1](UP) election hold on partisan basis at six phases across the country from March to June 2016. The articles tried to explore the experiences of this maiden partisan UP polls and what are the immediate consequences on the local governance as well as electoral system through reviewing seceondary materials specially the Daily Newspapers. Unfortunately massive violence, record deaths and uncontested elected Chairman, election fraughts & irregularities, reluctant role of Election Commission, strong dominant of ruling party over electoral system were common phenomenon in this maiden partisan election.[1] Lowest tier of rural local government in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals First detection of a Vssc allele V1016G conferring a high level of insecticide resistance in Aedes albopictus collected from Europe (Italy) and Asia (Vietnam), 2016: a new emerging threat to controlling arboviral diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Kasai ◽  
Beniamino Caputo ◽  
Takashi Tsunoda ◽  
Tran Chi Cuong ◽  
Yoshihide Maekawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Arboviral Diseases ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time

Introduction Aedes albopictus (Skuse) is an important vector of arboviral diseases, including dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus disease. Monitoring insecticide resistance and mechanisms by which the mosquito develops resistance is crucial to minimise disease transmission. Aim To determine insecticide resistance status and mechanisms in Ae. albopictus from different geographical regions. Methods We sampled 33 populations of Ae. albopictus from Asia, Europe and South America, and tested these for susceptibility to permethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide. In resistant populations, the target site for pyrethroids, a voltage-sensitive sodium channel (Vssc) was genotyped. Three resistant sub-strains, each harbouring a resistance allele homozygously, were established and susceptibilities to three different pyrethroids (with and without a cytochrome P450 inhibitor) were assayed. Results Most populations of Ae. albopictus tested were highly susceptible to permethrin but a few from Italy and Vietnam (4/33), exhibited high-level resistance. Genotyping studies detected a knockdown resistance (kdr) allele V1016G in Vssc for the first time in Ae. albopictus. Two previously reported kdr alleles, F1534C and F1534S, were also detected. The bioassays indicated that the strain homozygous for the V1016G allele showed much greater levels of pyrethroid resistance than other strains harbouring F1534C or F1534S. Conclusion The V1016G allele was detected in both Asian and Italian Ae. albopictus populations, thus a spread of this allele beyond Italy in Europe cannot be ruled out. This study emphasises the necessity to frequently and regularly monitor the V1016G allele in Ae. albopictus, particularly where this mosquito species is the main vector of arboviruses.

scholarly journals Aedes vector–host olfactory interactions in sylvatic and domestic dengue transmission environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1914) ◽  
pp. 20192136 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Tchouassi ◽  
Juliah W. Jacob ◽  
Edwin O. Ogola ◽  
Rosemary Sang ◽  
Baldwyn Torto
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Disease Vectors ◽  
Domestic Environment ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Dengue Transmission ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Human Primate

Interactions between Aedes ( Stegomyia ) species and non-human primate (NHP) and human hosts govern the transmission of the pathogens, dengue, zika, yellow fever and chikungunya viruses. Little is known about Aedes mosquito olfactory interactions with these hosts in the domestic and sylvatic cycles where these viruses circulate. Here, we explore how the different host-derived skin odours influence Aedes mosquito responses in these two environments. In field assays, we show that the cyclic ketone cyclohexanone is a signature cue for Aedes mosquitoes to detect the NHP baboon, sykes and vervet, whereas for humans, it is the unsaturated aliphatic keto-analogue 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (sulcatone). We find that in the sylvatic environment, CO 2 -baited traps combined with either cyclohexanone or sulcatone increased trap catches of Aedes mosquitoes compared to traps either baited with CO 2 alone or CO 2 combined with NHP- or human-derived crude skin odours. In the domestic environment, each of these odourants and crude human skin odours increased Aedes aegypti catches in CO 2 -baited traps. These results expand our knowledge on the role of host odours in the ecologies of Aedes mosquitoes, and the likelihood of associated spread of pathogens between primates and humans. Both cyclohexanone and sulcatone have potential practical applications as lures for monitoring Aedes disease vectors.

scholarly journals Compliance Determinant Of Paying Zakat Maal

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Tamimah Tamimah
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Method Approach

Purpose: Madura is an island located in East Java which has a community with a high level of religiosity. Sumenep is one of the districts in Madura which has the largest population level among other districts in Madura. However, this is not in line with public compliance in paying zakat maal. Therefore, this study aims to find out whether religiosity, literacy, income, and tax obligation have an effect on community compliance to pay zakat maal.Design/Method/Approach: The data obtained in this study uses primary data obtained from people who pay taxes, using purposive sampling technique by determining people who have reached nisab, and for the analysis, it uses multiple regression.Findings: it shows that only religiosity and tax payment obligations which have an influence, while literacy and income do not have an effect on compliance to pay zakat maal. The implication of this research is as an evaluation for the local government to socialize the important role of the impact of zakat maal on the community, and to increase public understanding of the obligation to pay zakat maal.Originality/Novelty: Lots ofresearchesexamine the obligation to pay zakat fitrah but it is very rare to find research on zakat maal which is an obligation that must also be paid by someone who has assets that have reached Nisab (the minimum amount that a Muslim must have before being obliged to zakat).

scholarly journals Foresight as a tool of public administration in the field of science, technology and innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
T. Kvasha ◽  
◽  
L. Musina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
National Level ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Smart Specialization ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time ◽  
Science Technology And Innovation

Given the growing role of technological foresight as a tool for reconciling visions, goals and ways of STI development in an era of rapid technological change and global challenges, the approach to foresight research to select priorities for science and innovation in Ukraine for 2022–2026 has been improved. It takes into account a wide range of national targets for achieving SDGs by 2030. The developed Methodological recommendations provided a thorough analysis of more than 3,000 potentially acceptable technological and innovative proposals. The approach to setting STI priorities is new for Ukraine and involves a consistent process of selecting the top 30 most acceptable proposals in each of the seven thematic areas through five stages of discussions and evaluations. The result was the formation of a database of technology passports and developments on the experts’ proposals, their selection by practitioners, ranking, evaluation in terms of the potential of Ukrainian science and relevance in terms of world science and new technologies using international databases. They are the basis for decisions by the Expert Councils and the High-Level Working Group on key thematic areas and the preparation of a relevant draft government decision. Despite the conditions of quarantine, for the first time more than 2,500 experts from science, business, state and public organizations took part in the discussions, which is the basis for impartial and public decision-making. To strengthen the role of foresight as a tool for public planning and management in the field of STI, it is proposed to develop a STI roadmap as part of a research and innovation strategy for smart specialization (RIS 3) at the national level.

scholarly journals National and cultural activities of the Tatar diaspora in the North Western China in the first half of the XX century: theater and string orchestra

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
G.N. Khisamieva
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Western China ◽  
String Orchestra ◽  
The North ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the national and cultural life of the Tatar diaspora in the Northwest China has not been the subject of the research. The research interest is also caused by the fact that the history of the formation and development of the Tatar diaspora, every day, spiritual, educational and cultural life has not been studied at all and is of particular interest to researchers. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the article examines the process of formation of Tatar theaters and string orchestras in the cities of Kuldzha and Chuguchak for the first time, where the bulk of Tatar emigrants lived. Particular attention was paid to the role of Tatar theaters in the life of indigenous and visiting peoples of the XUAR of the PRC. The purpose of the work is to study and systematize the national and cultural life of the Tatars of Xinjiang. As a result of the study, it can be concluded that the creation of theaters and string orchestras has contributed to the rallying of the Tatars, as well as the preservation of the native language, literature, traditions, culture and identity of the people, which is also a very important factor in preserving identity among the local population of Xinjiang.

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