THE EFFECT OF SOILAGGREGATE  SIZE AND P DOSAGE ON AMF SPORES NUMBER IN SHORGUM  (Sorghum bicolor L.)

Mycorrhiza is a biological agent to help fertility of soil and plants. Application of mycorrhiza on the land in the form of inoculum is often used in agricultural land in the name of quality of inoculum that also influenced by the content of existing spores. One of them is growing medium. This study aimed to study the effect of soil aggregate size and P dosage on the number of mycorrhizal spores in sorghum plants. The research design used was Randomized Block Design consisting of 2 factors. First factor was soil aggregate size(μm) which consisted of 4 treatments: U1 = < 2000, U2 = 500 - 1000, U3 = 200 - 500, U4 = < 200, and second factor was P dosage: 100 mg/kg and 300mg/kg. Each treatment combination was repeated 3 times so that there were 24 units of experimental unit. Observation parameters included the percentage of the infected root, number of spores, plant height and dry weight of the plant. The research was conducted in Greenhouse and Agronomy Laboratory of Agricultural Faculty of Tadulako University Palu. The various sizes of soil aggregates do not affect the amount of arbuscular mycorrhizal spores in sorghum plants. P 100 mg/kg or f P 300 mg/kg dosage used do not address the effect of the mycorrhizal spores. There is no interaction between soil aggregate size and P dosage to the amount of mycorrhizal spores in sorghum plants.

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The Success of Root Cuttings is Endangered Kalapi (Kalappia celebica Kosterm.) by Giving Rootone-F Growth Regulator

Jurnal Wasian ◽

10.20886/jwas.v8i2.5509 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 115-120

Author(s):

Febryani Febryani ◽

◽

Faisal Tuheteru ◽

Asrianti Arif ◽

Husna Husna

Keyword(s):

Growth Regulator ◽

Vegetative Propagation ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Endangered Tree ◽

Endangered Tree Species ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Mycorrhizal Association

Kalapi (Kalappia celebica Kosterm.) is endemic in Sulawesi and Endangered species. Plant propagation needs to be done but is constrained by limited seeds. Vegetative propagation of plants can be an alternative method such as using the root cutting technique that has been done previously on other types of species. This study aims to determine the success of vegetative propagation of kalapi (K. celebica), an endangered tree species by root cuttings using Rootone F. as root growth regulator. The research took place from March to June 2019 conducted at the plastic house of the Indonesian Mycorrhizal Association (AMI) Southeast Sulawesi Branch, Kendari. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 6 treatments of Rootone-F concentration : (a) 0 ppm, (b) 100 ppm, (c) 200 ppm, (d) 300 ppm, (e) 400 ppm and (f) 500 ppm. Each treatment was repeated three times and three units of the plant so that the total experimental unit used was 54 units. The results showed that the provision of Rootone-F could increase the success of the growth of kalapi root cuttings. Rootone-F concentration of 500 ppm gives the best results on the percentage of cuttings, percentage of sprouts, percentage of roots, number of shoots and shoot dry weight. The results showed that kalapi can be propagated by root cuttings.

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Mulching with Terrace Strengthen on Surface Runoff, Erosion, and Sediment Enrichment Ratio

Agrotechnology Research Journal ◽

10.20961/agrotechresj.v1i1.18868 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Trinugraheni Trinugraheni ◽

Jaka Suyana ◽

Sumarno Sumarno

Keyword(s):

Land Degradation ◽

Surface Runoff ◽

Soil Loss ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Block Design ◽

Enrichment Ratio ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Annona Squamosa ◽

Randomized Block Design

Land degradation causes increase erosion on agricultural land. Andisol soil contains more fractions sand making aggregate easily dispersed. Soil loss due to erosion can lead to nutrients loss needed by plants. Corn stem mulching to reduce erosion and runoff.Corn stem mulch can be combined with terrace strengthen to decrease surface runoff and erosion.The study used randomized block design with 4 treatments and repeated 3 times as a block so that there are 12 experimental unit. Category of group iscabbage, red lentils and white lentils. The results showed that corn stem mulch 12 ton-1ha with kalanjana + annona able to reduce 4,5% of surface runoff, erosion 15,5%.Corn stem mulch 4 ton-1ha with Vetiverazizanioides+Annona squamosa as terrace strengthen withSER (Sediment Enrichment Ratio) has a (C-organic = 0,94; N-total = 1,04; P-total = 2,21; P-available = 1,40; K-total of 0,87; K-available 0,73) and suppresses loss nutrients in the Andisol soil.

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Stabilitas Agregat Tanah, Populasi Jamur Pelarut P dan Hasil Jagung yang Dipengaruhi oleh Pupuk Hayati Mikroba Pelarut P dan Pupuk P pada Ultisols

SoilREns ◽

10.24198/soilrens.v16i1.18317 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Betty Natalie Fitriatin ◽

Muhammad Agi Pratama ◽

Oviyanti Mulyani

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays L ◽

Soil Aggregates ◽

Block Design ◽

Aggregate Stability ◽

Soil Aggregate ◽

Soil Aggregate Stability ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

P Fertilizer ◽

Phosphate Solubilizing ◽

Determine Effect

Ultisols is a soil order with low available P. Phosphate Solubilizing Microbes is a group of microorganisms that has the ability to release P for plants. The aim of this experiment was to determine effect of phosphate solubilizing microbes and P fertilizer on soil aggregate stability, PSF population and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) on Ultisols. This research was conducted from May 2016 to August 2016 at Ciparanje, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. This research was arranged in Randomized Block Design (RBD), consisted of 9 treatments with 3 replications. The treatments were 100 kg ha-1 of SP-36 fertilizer, 50 kg ha-1 of biofertilizer, as well as combination of SP-36 fertilizer (50% and 100%) with the dose of biofertilizer (50%, 100% and 150%). This experiment showed that the combination of biofertilizer and P fertilizer gave significant effect on the population of PSF and yield of maize, but not for stability of soil aggregates. The application of SP-36 50 kg ha-1 and 50 kg ha-1 PSM combination gave higher population of PSF and yield of maize.Keywords: Biofertilizer, maize, phosphate- solubizing fungi, aggregate stability, Ultisols

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Interference by Palisade Grass on Coffee Seedlings Inoculated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582016340400008 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 681-690 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A.O. ALECRIM ◽

A.C. FRANÇA ◽

E.A. SANTOS ◽

S.D. MOREIRA ◽

F.D.S. LEAL ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Block Design ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

P Accumulation ◽

Zn Content ◽

Urochloa Brizantha

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the effects of the interference by Urochloa brizantha on coffee seedlings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A randomized block design and a 4 x 2 layout was used, where factor A was constituted by seedlings inoculated with Rhizophagus clarus, Claroideoglomus etunicatum and Dentiscutata heterogama, as well as some that were not inoculated, and factor B, constituted by plants in competition or alone. The sowing was conducted on washed sand to produce the coffee seedlings, which, during the matchstick stage, were transplanted into polyethylene bags, and inoculated when showing six pairs of leafs. Then, they were transplanted into pots where they were subjected to interference from two plants of U. brizantha for 90 days, during which time their growth and nutrient accumulation were evaluated on the leaves. As a result, an interaction between the following factors was observed: plant height, leaf area, shoot dry weight, dry weight for roots and P, Mg and Zn content in coffee seedlings. The damaging effect on the growth and P accumulation caused by the weed was reduced in coffee seedlings inoculated with mycorrhiza. Another conclusion was that the inoculation factor increases the competitive power of coffee seedlings.

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Pemanfaatan Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskular Untuk Mereduksi Kadar Pb dan Cd pada Lahan Sawah Serta Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Selada

Jurnal Ecosolum ◽

10.20956/ecosolum.v7i2.6853 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

Marhamah Nadir ◽

Syamsia Syamsia ◽

Sartika Laban

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Block Design ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Threshold Concentration ◽

South Sulawesi ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Survey Results

Pb and Cd are two types of heavy metal that has been widely contaminates agricultural land. Pollution on agricultural land led to a decrease in productivity, disruption of the ecological balance and impaired human health. The research aims to identify and detect the content of heavy metals Cd and Pb in the soil and measure the effectiveness of the arbuscular mycorrhizal veskular withstand heavy metals in lettuce plants. Soil samples were collected in the Village Sudiang Makassar City using stratified sampling and purposive sampling methods. Sampling points are distinguished based on the distance from the highway, which is 15 meters and 30 meters. Analysis of heavy metal content in soil carried Soil Laboratory BPTP Maros. The study based on a randomized block design in a factorial 2 factors. The first factor was soil sampling and the second factor was the provision of mycorrhizae. Based on the survey results revealed that the content of Pb and Cd in soil belt of northern South Sulawesi has passed the threshold. Due to the reduced content of Pb and Cd after treatment arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi but the decline is not significant compared with no treatment mycorrhizae. The content of Cd and Pb in plants of lettuce grown in the various media and the addition of CAM treatments above the threshold concentration safe for consumption.

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251 Evaluation of Condensed Algal Residue Solubles as an Ingredient in Cattle Finishing Diets

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 137-138

Author(s):

Calvin Gibbons ◽

Andrea K Watson ◽

Galen E Erickson ◽

Bradley M Boyd ◽

Levi J McPhillips ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Great Plains ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Block Design ◽

Random Effect ◽

Distillers Grains ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Finishing Diets ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Algae Oil

Abstract Algae oil production for Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation yields a byproduct called Condensed Algal Residue Solubles (CARS; 25.4% DM, 19.3% CP, 8.3% Fat, 9.96% Na on DM basis), de-oiled algae cells with residual fermentation substrates. This study evaluated the use of CARS in feedlot finishing diets. Crossbreed steers, (n=480) were blocked and stratified by initial body weight (BW) into 4 blocks, and assigned randomly to treatments. Treatments were designed as a 2 x 3 factorial with 3 inclusions of CARS (0, 2.5, 5% of diet DM) and 2 different base diets representing Northern and Southern Great Plains diets. The Southern diets contained steam flaked corn and dry distillers grains while the Northern diets had dry rolled and high moisture corn with wet distillers grains. CARS replaced corn in both diets. All blocks were harvested after 148 days on feed. Performance data were analyzed as a randomized block design with CARS inclusion, base diet, and interactions as fixed effects, BW block as a random effect and pen (n=48) as the experimental unit. Orthogonal contrasts were used to test linear and quadratic effects of CARS inclusion. There were no significant interactions between CARS inclusion and diet type (P ≥ 0.49). Main effects of CARS indicated positive quadratic responses for carcass adjusted ADG, G:F, 12th rib back fat, yield grade (P < 0.01; increasing to 2.5% inclusion, decreasing at 5%) and hot carcass weight was both linear and quadratic (P ≤ 0.01 and P ≥ 0.06 respectively; 969, 977, 935 as CARS increased). Linear decrease in DMI, final adjusted BW and ribeye area (P ≤ 0.01) as CARS increased. Cattle fed the Southern diets had greater ADG and G:F compared to Northern diets (P < 0.01). Including 2.5% CARS in the diet improved feed efficiency in both Northern and Southern based feedlot diets.

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Agronomic performances of Pak Choi grown with different soil cover

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620150000200020 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 261-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Márcia M Echer ◽

Graciela M Dalastra ◽

Tiago L Hachmann ◽

Elcio S Klosowski ◽

Vandeir F Guimarães

Keyword(s):

Soil Cover ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Production Traits ◽

Pak Choi ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Black Plastic ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Set Up

An important aspect in the cultivation of vegetables is the quality of the product to be marketed, free from dirt and damage and the practice of mulching could be an option, but there is scarse information. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of mulching on the production traits of three cultivars of Pak Choi. The experiment was set up during March to May 2013 using a split plot randomized block design, with four replications. Soil cover treatments (white agrotextile, black agrotextile, black plastic, silver plastic, tifton straw and bare soil) were arranged in the plots, and three cultivars of Pak Choi (Green Pak Choi, White Pak Choi and Chingensai Natsu Shomi) in subplots. Height and diameter of shoots, number of leaves, fresh weight of the head and petiole, base diameter, dry weight of stem, petiole, and leaf were evaluated thirty-five days after transplantation. The total dry weight and leaf area were measured, and then we estimated the yield. There was a significant effect of soil cover and cultivar. In general, the cover with synthetic materials showed higher values on production of Pak Choi. The cultivar White Pak Choi was better adapted to the growing conditions, with an average yield of 57.78 t/ha.

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Aggregate size distribution and stability of an oxisol under legume-based and pure grass pastures in the eastern Colombian savannas

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9950153 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 153 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

AJ Gijsman ◽

RJ Thomas

Keyword(s):

Size Distribution ◽

Soil Aggregates ◽

Aggregate Stability ◽

Aggregate Size ◽

Soil Aggregate ◽

Hot Water ◽

Aggregate Size Distribution ◽

Carbohydrate Concentration ◽

Stability Measurement ◽

Water Extractable

This study evaluated soil aggregate size distribution and stability of an Oxisol under improved grass-only or grass-legume pastures, established in previously native savanna. Three grass-legume combinations were included at various stocking rates. In all treatments and soil layers, soils were well aggregated, having more than 90% of their weight in macroaggregates (>250 �m). The addition of legumes to pastures did not affect the soil aggregate size distribution, although aggregates showed somewhat more stability against slaking. An increase in stocking rate negatively affected both average aggregate size and aggregate stability. Aggregates showed little or no dispersion of clay particles in any treatment. A positive correlation was found between wet aggregate stability and hot-water extractable carbohydrate concentration, supporting the hypothesis that these carbohydrates equate with plant-derived or microbial polysaccharides which glue soil aggregates together. It is suggested that determination of hot-water extractable carbohydrates may serve as a useful indicator of small differences in aggregate stability, even when these differences are not evident in the stability measurement itself.

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Evaluation of different corn textures in dry grain or silage forms for piglets from 7 to 15 kg

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982009000900017 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 38 (9) ◽

pp. 1757-1761

Author(s):

José Vieira Neto ◽

Vinícius de Souza Cantarelli ◽

Elias Tadeu Fialho ◽

Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo ◽

Nikolas de Oliveira Amaral ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Initial Weight ◽

Large White ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Independent Form ◽

Ensilage Corn

The objective of this study was to evaluate different textures and storage forms of corn in piglet diets. Two experiments were conducted, one of which tested digestibility of nutrients and the other diet performance. In the digestibility trial, 24 crossbred (Landrace X Large White) barrows with an initial weight of 18.7 ± 1.5 kg were used. They were kept in metabolic cages in a randomized block design using the factorial arrangement 2 X 2 (type of corn - dent and flint X type of storage - moist grain silage and dry grain) and six replicates, with one animal as the experimental unit. The values of metabolizable energy (ME) obtained were 3841 kcal of ME/kg of dry matter (DM) from dry corn, 3912 kcal of ME/kg of DM from moist corn, 4022 kcal of DM from ensiled dry corn and 3928 kcal of ME/kg of DM from ensiled humidity corn. The ensilage process increases the digestibility coefficient of dry matter and crude protein and increases the digestible energy of the diets, independent of the process form. The type of corn did not influence these variables. In the performance trial, 60 barrows (initial weight of 6.5 ± 1.5 kg) of the same stock were used during 28 days of post-weaning distributed in the same experimental design, with five replicates and three animals as the experimental unit. The treatments did not influence the daily weigh gain or the daily feed intake. The dentate corn and the ensilage process decreased the feed conversion of the independent form (no significant interaction). The substitution of dry for ensilage corn increased the digestibility of the nutrients in the diets and the feed conversion of the piglets from 7 to 15 kg. Dentate corn promotes best feed conversion in this phase.

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PENGARUH JARAK TANAM DAN DOSIS PUPUK NPK MAJEMUK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN, PRODUKSI BUNGA, DAN ANALISIS USAHA TANI ROSELA MERAH

Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri ◽

10.21082/jlittri.v18n1.2012.17-23 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

BUDI SANTOSO ◽

UNTUNG SETYO-BUDI ◽

ELDA NURNASARI

Keyword(s):

Production Cost ◽

Block Design ◽

Market Price ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽

Plant Spacing ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Compound Fertilizer ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Growth Production

ABSTRAK Penelitian mengenai jarak tanam dan pemupukan untuk tanaman rosela merah (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. sabdariffa) belum banyak dilakukan. Suatu penelitian, yang dilakukan di Desa Kanyoran, Kecamatan Semen, Kabupaten Kediri pada tahun 2010, bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jarak tanam dan dosis pupuk NPK majemuk yang tepat bagi pertumbuhan serta produksi kelopak bunga rosela merah dan analisis usaha tani. Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok faktorial dengan 3 ulangan. Sebagai faktor pertama adalah 3 ukuran jarak tanam yang terdiri atas 1) 80 x 50 cm; 2) 100 x 50 cm; dan 3) 120 x 50 cm; dan sebagai faktor kedua adalah 5 dosis pupuk NPK majemuk yang terdiri atas a) 30 kg NPK/ha; b) 37,50 kg NPK/ha; c) 45 kg NPK/ha; d) 52,50 kg NPK/ha; dan e) 60 kg NPK/ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi interaksi antara jarak tanam (100 x 50 cm) dengan dosis pupuk (45 kg NPK/ha) yang memberikan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang produktif, jumlah buah, bobot kelopak bunga berbiji, bobot biji, bobot basah kelopak bunga tanpa biji, dan bobot kelopak bunga kering maksimal, masing- masing sebesar 186,63 cm; 16,33 cabang; 117,00 buah; 41,33 kg/petak; 16,17 kg/petak; 26,67 kg/petak; dan 2,35 kg/petak (652,75 kg/ha). Usaha tani rosela merah memberikan keuntungan sebesar Rp 10.420.000/ha dengan B/C = 1,49. Harga pokok kelopak bunga kering sebesar Rp13.031/kg lebih kecil dibanding harga pasar (Rp 40.000/kg), dan dapat dijamin tidak akan terjadi kerugian bagi petani Kata kunci : Hibiscus sabdariffa var. sabdariffa, jarak tanam, pupuk NPK majemuk, pertumbuhan, produksiABSTRACT There has been no research program on plant spacing and fertilization on red roselle plant (Hibiscus sabdariffa var. sabdariffa) up to 2010. A study conducted in Desa Kanyoran, Kecamatan Semen, Kediri in 2010, aimed at getting appropriate plant spacing and NPK compound fertilizer dosage for growth and calyx production of red roselle, as well as its farm analysis. The experiment was arranged in a factorial randomized block design with three replicates. As the first factor were 3 dimensions of plant spacing consisting of 1) 80 x 50, 2) 100 x 50, and 3) 120 x 50 cm, and the second factor were 5 doses of NPK compound fertilizer consisting of a) 30, b) 37.50, c) 45, d) 52.50, and e) 60 kg NPK/ha. The results showed that there was an interaction between plant spacing (100 x 50 cm) with fertilizer dosage (45 kg NPK/ha), which resulted in plant height, number of productive branches, number of fruits, weight calyx with seed, seed weight, fresh weight of seedless calyx, and maximum dry weight of calyx, each amounting to 186.63 cm; 16.33 branches; 117.00 fruits; 41.33 kg/plot; 16.17 kg/plot; 26.67 kg/plot; and 2.35 kg/plot (652.75 kg/ha), respectively. Red roselle farm provided a gain of Rp10,420,000/ha with a B/C of 1.49. Production cost of dried calyx was Rp13,031/kg, lower than market price (Rp 40,000/kg), and was guaranteed to be no loss to farmers. Key words: Hibiscus sabdariffa var. sabdariffa, plant spacing, NPK compound fertilizer, growth, production

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