scholarly journals The role of the geologic substrate on Tillandsia recurvata infestation and the development of forest decaying on a semiarid oak forest

Author(s):  
Ulises Rodríguez-Robles ◽  
J. Tulio Arredondo

The Geodiversity involves substrate characteristics such as degree of fractured rock, fracture depth, soil depth, parental rock, soil texture, etc., that affect the hidrology of substrates and subsequently the availability of water for plants. Here we examined the importance of the geological substrate, as a factor that triggers the incidence of forest decline. We demonstrated that characteristics of the geological substrate related to the limitation of water availability enhances Tillandsia recurvata (Tire) infestation and eventually causes loss of vigor in oak trees. Using electrical resistivity tomography (geophysical methods) and stable isotope techniques (δ18O / δ16O), we showed that substrates dominated by regolith and rocks imposed greater conditions of drought to an oak forest stand than a substrate with a more granulated material. Trees in this forest stand presented greater densities of Tire, a plant considered as epiphyte. However, under the observed conditions of high infestation, Tire apparently exhibited a change from epiphytic to parasitic plant as it acquired water from oak. This study identified that the structural composition of the substrate (i.e. geodiversity) is a factor accelerating the processes of decay and likely forest mortality related to the effects of drought and the infestation by pests and diseases.

2013 ◽  
Vol 405-408 ◽  
pp. 310-315
Author(s):  
Hai Qing Guo ◽  
Bo Wen ◽  
Xiao Feng Bai

Seepage properties of fractured rock mass are of prime importance for hydraulic engineering and accurate description of rock fracture geometry parameters is an important and basic task in rock hydraulics. In this paper, an improved K-means clustering algorithm for structural plane of fractured rock mass was first brought forward and the corresponding Matlab program for discontinuity orientations partitioning was compiled and then used in the fitting analysis of dominant orientations of certain dam foundation rock mass. On this basis, combining calculation formulas of multi-group fractures, the permeability tensor and principle value was calculated for the actual dam foundation. The results provide a theoretical and computational reference for other similar projects.


2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taoying Liu ◽  
Ping Cao

AbstractThe behaviour of a rock mass is determined not only by the properties of the rock matrix, but mostly by the presence and properties of discontinuities or fractures within the mass. The compression test on rock-like specimens with two prefabricated transfixion fissures, made by pulling out the embedded metal inserts in the pre-cured period was carried out on the servo control uniaxial loading tester. The influence of the geometry of pre-existing cracks on the cracking processes was analysed with reference to the experimental observation of crack initiation and propagation from pre-existing flaws. Based on the rock fracture mechanics and the stress-strain curves, the evolution failure mechanism of the fissure body was also analyzed on the basis of exploring the law of the compression-shear crack initiation, wing crack growth and rock bridge connection. Meanwhile, damage fracture mechanical models of a compression-shear rock mass are established when the rock bridge axial transfixion failure, tension-shear combined failure, or wing crack shear connection failure occurs on the specimen under axial compression. This research was of significance in studying the failure mechanism of fractured rock mass.


2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 1090-1094
Author(s):  
Wei Yi Liu ◽  
Shao Hui Fan ◽  
Guang Lu Liu ◽  
Feng Ying Guan

The soil moisture of three typical P. edulis forests (P. edulis and Cunninghamia lanceolata mixed forest, P. edulis pure forest , P. edulis and broad-leaved tree mixed forest ) in the North of Fujian province were studied in comparison with C. lanceolata pure forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest. Based on the routine observation, characteristics of spatial and temporal change of soil water content were studied. According to the roots distribution which were analyzed on different forest stand, the Linear and relationship model were established about the soil water and roots distribution. Results showed that the forest stand roots density decreasing with increasing soil depth, roots density and spatial distribution of soil moisture are related closely.


Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jinfeng Ju ◽  
Jialin Xu ◽  
Jing Yang

The development of water-conducting fractures from underground coal mining is a geological cause of groundwater loss. Sealing mining-induced rock fracture channels through borehole grouting is an effective way to protect groundwater resources. A ground-based engineering test was conducted at the Gaojiabao coal mine that utilized horizontal directional drilling (HDD) to grout and seal water-conducting overburden fractures. This study carried out a theoretical and experimental exploration using HDD to evaluate the development characteristics and grout hydraulic conductivity of these mining-induced fractures. The results showed that, as a result of varying fracture morphologies in different zones of the mining overburden, multiple fracture types were sequentially exposed as the HDD borehole advanced from the original rock mass outside the mining area towards the mining-induced fractured rock mass. The fracture types were exposed in the following order: compressive shear fractures, tensile failure fractures, and bed separation fractures. Moreover, the void characteristics of the exposed fractures in the borehole were significantly different at different drilling horizons, which affected the flow behavior and sealing performance of the injected grout. Lastly, three typical orders in which the different types of fractures were sequentially exposed by the borehole were summarized, and further analysis of the orders led to a scheme for determining drilling horizons favorable for efficient fracture sealing. The results of this study will enable efficient grout sealing of the fractures caused by mining and reduce groundwater loss.


2010 ◽  
Vol XVI (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
J. G. Flores Garnica ◽  
◽  
J. Xelhuantzi Carmona ◽  
Á. A. Chávez Durán ◽  
◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Lucas Miguel Nunes ◽  
Carlos César Nascimento da Silva ◽  
Leandson Roberto Lucena

ABSTRACT. Areas with geological substrate composed of carbonate rocks, such as some areas of hydrocarbons exploration and production, occasionally may be related to cases of subsidence of the surface, sometimes caused by the instability of the areas associated with zones of dissolution and its voids, which commonly evolve from systems of pre-existing fractures. The physical infrastructure of these areas (buildings, oil storage tanks and waste materials, and others) can be compromised, affecting, in turn, the integrity of the geological substrate from an environmental point of view. This context includes the epigenetic karst, associated with the percolation of rainwater, focus of this work. Thus, the use of geophysical methods (notably the resistivity) allows to analyze satisfactorily, in terms of resolution and depth of investigation, the carbonate substrate and their areas of dissolution. Therefore, this research shows initially a modelling phase of several hypothetical karst systems, for the purpose of compare the different responses of the arrays used (Schlumberger, Dipole-Dipole and Wenner), followed by a qualitative analysis of real data collected in the field, which were used as a basis for defining the values of geoelectric models, from an interactive analysis. In this phase of forward modeling, synthetic geoelectrical models were generated in order to simulate an approximate geology characterized by karstic features and its geoelectric response. The inversion process aimed at validating the geophysical responses obtained from the initial models and, thus, eliminate any distortions observed in the pseudo-sections of apparent resistivity, adjusting the values of the electrical resistivity to values near the initial model proposed. Finally, the data initially modeled were corroborated by the real data. Keywords: karst, geoelectrical, modeling, environment, geotechnics. RESUMO. Regiões que apresentam substrato geológico composto por rochas carbonáticas, a exemplo de algumas áreas de exploração e produção de hidrocarbonetos, podem estar associadas a casos de abatimento da superfície do terreno, provocados ocasionalmente pela instabilidade das áreas relacionadas a zonas de dissolução e seus vazios, os quais, por sua vez, comumente evoluem a partir de sistemas de fraturas pré-existentes. A infraestrutura física destas áreas (edificações, tanques de armazenamento de petróleo e seus resíduos, entre outras) pode ser comprometida, afetando a integridade do substrato geológico do ponto de vista ambiental. Este contexto engloba o carste epigenético, associado à percolação de águas meteóricas, foco do presente trabalho. Deste modo, o uso de métodos geofísicos (notadamente a eletrorresistividade) permite analisar de maneira satisfatória, quanto aos aspectos de resolução e profundidade de investigação, o substrato carbonático e as respectivas zonas de dissolução. Para tanto, este trabalho de pesquisa trata inicialmente de uma fase de modelagem de diversos sistemas cársticos hipotéticos, de modo a comparar as diferentes respostas dos arranjos utilizados (Schlumberger, Dipolo-Dipolo e Wenner), seguida da análise qualitativa de dados reais coletados em campo, os quais foram utilizados como base para a definição dos valores dos modelos geoelétricos, a partir de uma análise interativa. Nesta etapa de modelagem direta foram gerados modelos geoelétricos sintéticos, a fim de simular de forma aproximada uma geologia caracterizada por feições cársticas e sua resposta geoelétrica. O processo de inversão nos dados obtidos pela etapa da modelagem buscou validar as respostas geofísicas obtidas a partir dos modelos iniciais e assim eliminar as eventuais distorções observadas nas pseudo-seções de resistividade aparente, ajustando os valores de resistividade elétrica a valores próximos do modelo inicial proposto. Por fim, os dados modelados inicialmente foram corroborados pelos dados reais. Palavras-chave: carste, geoelétrico, modelagem, meio ambiente, geotecnia.


Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongru Li ◽  
Rongxi Shen ◽  
Dexing Li ◽  
Haishan Jia ◽  
Taixun Li ◽  
...  

In order to study the mechanics and acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of fractured rock under water-rock interaction, dried and saturated sandstone samples with prefabricated double parallel cracks were prepared. Then, uniaxial compression experiments were performed to obtain their AE signals and crack propagation images. The results show that water reduces the strength and fracture toughness of fractured sandstone and enhances plasticity. After saturation, the samples start to crack earlier; the cracks grow slowly; the failure mode is transformed from shear failure along the prefabricated cracks to combined shear and tensile failure; more secondary cracks are produced. The saturated samples release less elastic energy and weaker AE signals in the whole failure process. However, their AE precursor information is more obvious and advanced, and their AE sources are more widely distributed. Compared with dry specimens, the AE frequencies of saturated specimens in the early stage of loading are distributed in a lower frequency domain. Besides, the saturated samples release less complex AE signals which are dominated by small-scale signals with weaker multi-fractal characteristics. After discussion and analysis, it is pointed out that this may be because water makes rock prone to inter-granular fracture rather than trans-granular fracture. The water lubrication also may reduce the amplitude of middle-frequency band signals produced by the friction on the fracture surface. Multi-fractal parameters can provide more abundant precursory information for rock fracture. This is of great significance to the stability of water-bearing fractured rock mass and its monitoring, and is conducive to the safe exploitation of deep energy.


2019 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-418
Author(s):  
D. Sütő ◽  
J. Farkas ◽  
S. Siffer ◽  
G. Schally ◽  
K. Katona

AbstractWild boar (Sus scrofa) density has significantly increased worldwide. In Europe, oak acorns are basic diet items for the species. However, regeneration of temperate oak forests has become excessively low. Thus, better understanding of the patterns and dynamics of wild boar rooting and the spatiotemporal relationship between the acorn density and the rooting has special importance. In our study, the acorn density, the presence and intensity of the rooting were measured monthly in a 28-ha oak forest stand between 2016 October and 2019 April. Study site was divided to 400 m2 grid cells to investigate the spatiotemporal patterns of the rooting. Comparing the acorn densities, we stated that in the first 2 years, but not in the third one, the oaks were masting. During the acorn-rich periods (October–April), significant inter-annual differences were found in the proportions of the disturbed area between the non-mast and the other two mast years. Throughout our observations, 9.12% of the cells stayed undisturbed. On average, in 12.59% of the cells new rooted patches appeared, and 15.6% of them was repeatedly disturbed. Rooting were mainly litter disturbances in 71.75% of cases. Throughout acorn fall periods (September–November), the most intensively rooted sites were the poorest in acorns, while the unrooted sites were the richest. Our results demonstrate that wild boars have a great effect on acorn density and on the whole forest by rooting almost the entire ground surface at least once, but also the masting of the oaks has a crucial role in their rooting dynamics.


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