Viral wheezing in early childhood as a risk factor for asthma in young adulthood

Background: There is an increased risk of asthma after viral wheezing episodes in early childhood, but unfortunately, prospective longitudinal data are lacking. The aim of this cohort study was to evaluate the risk of asthma in young adulthood after hospitalization for viral wheezing episodes in early childhood. Methods: The original cohort comprised 100 individuals aged <24 months who were hospitalized for viral wheezing episodes in 1992–1993. After the index episode, data on a diagnosis of asthma 1 year later and at median ages of 4.0, 7.2 and 12.3 years were recorded in follow-up visits. Forty-nine individuals attended the latest follow-up visit at the age of 17-20 years. Current asthma was diagnosed based on symptoms at the time of the last follow-up, use of inhaled corticosteroids and peak expiratory flow (PEF) monitoring. Results: Twenty-six (53%) of the 49 cohort individuals had asthma at a mean age of 18.8 years. In multivariate analyses, a diagnosis of asthma 1 year after index hospitalization and at ages 4.0, 7.2 and 12.3 years were significant risk factors for current asthma (adjusted odds ratios [aORs] of 7.13, 8.86, 8.05 and 21.16, respectively). Atopic dermatitis in infancy (aOR: 4.20) and eosinophilia on admission (5.18) were also significant predictive factors for asthma. Conclusion: Over half (26/49) of the participants who had been hospitalized for viral wheezing episodes in early childhood had asthma in young adulthood. An asthma diagnosis at any age during childhood, as well as eosinophilia in early childhood, were independent significant predictive factors for asthma.

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Weight Status Change From Adolescence to Young Adulthood and the Risk of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.14882 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 583-588

Author(s):

Min Zhao ◽

Pascal Bovet ◽

Bo Xi

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Weight Status ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Excess Weight ◽

Status Change ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Us

It is still unclear whether the risk of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in adulthood remains increased if excess weight in adolescence recedes later in life. This study examines the effect of change in weight status from adolescence to young adulthood on the risk of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. A total of 4454 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years from the US National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (1994–1995) were followed up to young adulthood (25–32 years, 2007–2008). After a median follow-up time of 13 years, compared with normal weight in both adolescence and young adulthood (n=1328, 29.8%), excess weight in the 2 periods (n=1077, 24.2%) was associated with an increased risk of hypertension (odds ratio, 3.72 [95% CI, 2.86–4.84]) and diabetes mellitus (3.32 [2.11–5.21]). Normal weight in adolescence but excess weight in young adulthood (n=1983, 44.5%) was associated with a lower but still significant risk of hypertension (2.49 [1.98–3.15]) and diabetes mellitus (1.59 [1.01–2.51]). In contrast, the risk of hypertension (1.37 [0.64–2.95]) and diabetes mellitus (1.65 [0.45–6.05]) was low in the few participants with excess weight in adolescence but normal weight in young adulthood (n=66, 1.5%). In conclusion, excess weight in young adulthood was associated with an increased risk of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, irrespective of weight status in adolescence. In contrast, excess weight in adolescence but normal weight in young adulthood did not seem to be associated with an increased cardiovascular risk in young adulthood.

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Long term outcome of childhood onset headache: A prospective community study

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1177/0333102417727536 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 1159-1166 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Matti Sillanpää ◽

Maiju M Saarinen

Keyword(s):

Young Adulthood ◽

Childhood Onset ◽

Term Outcome ◽

Long Term Outcome ◽

Recurrent Headache ◽

Childhood Migraine ◽

Early School ◽

Increased Risk

Purpose To examine prevalence, course, and long-term outcome of childhood migraine and other headaches. Method Using questionnaires, 1185 children were followed for recurrent headaches at ages seven, 14 and 32 years, respectively. Results At age seven years, 4.0% of the 1185 children (girls 3.7%, boys 4.3%) had migraine and 24% (25%/23%) had nonmigrainous headache. In adulthood, 16% (22%/8%) had migraine and 60% (64%/54%) nonmigrainous headache. Childhood migraine persisted into adulthood in 65% of females and 21% of males, and nonmigrainous headache in 62% and 59%, respectively. After childhood, 17% of females and 7% of males started to have episodes of migraine. No recurrent headache during the follow-up was reported by 11% (6%/16%). In a multivariate analysis, compared with no childhood headache, childhood migraine increased the risk of adulthood migraine by 3.36-fold (95% CI 1.94–5.82) and that of nonmigrainous headache by 1.72-fold (1.14–2.60). Discussion and conclusions Headaches are generally as common in preschool girls as boys. From early school years, headaches steadily increase up to young adulthood, but among boys the prevalence levels off after adolescence. About two thirds of children experienced changes in their headache status during a 25-year follow-up. Any kind of recurrent headache at school entry predicts an increased risk of headache in young adulthood. Special attention should be paid to girls and particularly those girls who have recurrent headache when they start school.

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An RDoC-Based Approach to Adolescent Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors: The Interactive Role of Social Affiliation and Cardiac Arousal

10.31234/osf.io/uavs9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Benjamin W Nelson

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Design ◽

Sensitive Period ◽

Future Research ◽

Peer Conflict ◽

Biological Stress ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Transition To Adolescence ◽

And Behaviors ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB) increase dramatically across adolescence. Despite the prevalence and severity of these outcomes, remarkably little research has elucidated why adolescence represents a particularly high-risk period for the emergence of SITB. Recent theoretical models have posited that SITB may result from failures in biological stress regulation in the context of social stress. However, there is a lack of data examining these associations during the transition to adolescence, a sensitive period of development that is characterized by changes across socio-affective and psychophysiological domains that may interact to heighten risk for SITB. The present study used a prospective longitudinal design among 147 adolescents. We built on advantages offered by the RDoC framework to test the interaction of experiences of social conflict (i.e., parent and peer conflict) with cardiac arousal (i.e., resting heart rate) to predict adolescent non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal ideation (SI) across one year. Longitudinal analyses revealed that while neither greater peer conflict nor higher cardiac arousal at baseline were associated with SITB outcomes at follow-up, adolescents experiencing the combination of greater peer conflict and higher cardiac arousal at baseline showed significant longitudinal increases in NSSI at follow-up. In addition, there were null effects for family conflict and SI outcomes. Findings indicate that youth with greater peer conflict and heightened arousal during the transition to adolescence may be at increased risk for NSSI. Future research should examine these processes at finer timescales in order to elucidate whether these factors are proximal predictors of within-day SITB.

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Post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis and its predictive factors: a prospective study

Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine ◽

10.1186/s43055-021-00632-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mehrdad Nabahati ◽

Soheil Ebrahimpour ◽

Reza Khaleghnejad Tabari ◽

Rahele Mehraeen

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Ct Scan ◽

Predictive Factors ◽

Lung Fibrosis ◽

Chest Ct ◽

Clinical Severity ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Chest Ct Scan

Abstract Background We aimed to prospectively assess the lung fibrotic-like changes, as well as to explore their predictive factors, in the patients who survived Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. In this prospective cross-sectional study, we recruited patients who had been treated for moderate or severe COVID-19 pneumonia as inpatients and discharged from Rohani hospital in Babol, northern Iran, during March 2020. The clinical severity of COVID-19 pneumonia was classified as per the definition by World Health Organization. We also calculated the CT severity score (CSS) for all patients at admission. Within the 3 months of follow-up, the next chest CT scan was performed. As the secondary outcome, the patients with fibrotic abnormalities in their second CT scan were followed up in the next 3 months. Results Totally, 173 COVID-19 patients were finally included in the study, of whom 57 (32.9%) were male and others were female. The mean age was 53.62 ± 13.67 years old. At 3-month CT follow-up, evidence of pulmonary fibrosis was observed in 90 patients (52.0%). Consolidation (odds ratio [OR] = 2.84), severe disease (OR 2.40), and a higher CSS (OR 1.10) at admission were associated with increased risk of fibrotic abnormalities found at 3-month CT follow-up. Of 62 patients who underwent chest CT scan again at 6 months of follow-up, 41 patients (66.1%) showed no considerable changes in the fibrotic findings, while the rest of 21 patients (33.9%) showed relatively diminished lung fibrosis. Conclusion Post-COVID-19 lung fibrosis was observed in about half of the survivors. Also, patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia were at a higher risk of pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, consolidation, as well as a higher CSS, in the initial chest CT scan, was associated with increased risk of post-COVID-19 lung fibrosis. In addition, some patients experienced diminished fibrotic abnormalities in their chest CT on 6-month follow-up, while some others did not.

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Abstract P050: Association Between Glycemic Control and Short-term Mortality Varies Across the Spectrum of Coronary Artery Disease

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.135.suppl_1.p050 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Sridharan Raghavan ◽

Wenhui G Liu ◽

P. Michael Ho ◽

Mary E Plomondon ◽

Anna E Baron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Diabetes Management ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Short Term ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Short Term Mortality ◽

Artery Disease

Background: Diabetes is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but optimal glycemic control strategies remain unclear. In particular, trials of intensive glycemic control have highlighted a tension between increased mortality risk and macrovascular benefits. In this study we aimed to assess whether the burden of coronary artery disease (CAD) modifies the association between glycemic control and short-term mortality. Methods: We studied veterans with diabetes who underwent elective cardiac catheterization between 2005 and 2013 in a retrospective analysis of data from the VA Clinical Assessment, Reporting, and Tracking (CART) Program. Primary exposures were time-varying HbA1c over two years of follow-up after index catheterization, categorized as <6%, 6-6.49%, 6.5-6.99%, 7-7.99%, 8-8.99%, and >=9%, and burden of CAD, categorized as no CAD, non-obstructive CAD, or obstructive CAD. Primary outcome was two-year all-cause mortality. A total of 17394 participants had, on average, five HbA1c measurements over two years of follow-up. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the association between HbA1c and mortality, adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates and CAD burden, and including a term for interaction between HbA1c and CAD burden. Results: In adjusted models with 6.5 ≤ HbA1c ≤ 6.99% as the reference category, HbA1c < 6% was associated with increased risk of mortality (HR 1.55 [1.25, 1.92]), whereas HbA1c categories above 7% were not. We observed significant interaction between glycemic control and CAD burden (interaction p=0.0005); the increased risk of short-term mortality at HbA1c < 6% was limited to individuals with non-obstructive and obstructive CAD (Figure 1). Conclusions: HbA1c below 6% was associated with increased risk of short-term mortality, but only in individuals with CAD. CAD burden may thus inform individualized diabetes management strategies, specifically treatment de-escalation in individuals with any angiographically-defined CAD.

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Antibodies against Malondialdehyde in Haemodialysis Patients and Its Association with Clinical Outcomes: Differences between Subclasses and Isotypes

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9030753 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 753

Author(s):

Shailesh Kumar Samal ◽

Abdul Rashid Qureshi ◽

Mizanur Rahman ◽

Peter Stenvinkel ◽

Johan Frostegård

Keyword(s):

Significant Risk ◽

Premature Death ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Multivariate Risk ◽

Increased Risk ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Low Levels ◽

Antibody Levels

Patients on haemodialysis (HD-patients) have an increased risk of premature death. Low levels of IgM antibodies against malondialdehyde (anti-MDA) are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with underlying potential mechanisms described. Here, we studied subclasses and isotypes of anti-MDA in 210 HD-patients with mortality as outcome (56% men, median age 66, Interquartile range (IQR) 51–74 years, vintage time 29 (15–58) months, mean follow up period of 41 (20–60)months). Patients were also divided into inflamed c-reactive protein (CRP >5.6 mg/mL) and non-inflamed. Antibody levels were measured by ELISA. In multivariate risk analysis, patients in low tertile of IgM anti-MDA sub-distribution hazard ratio (sHR 0.54); 95% confidence interval (CI: 0.34–0.89) inversely and significantly associated with all-cause mortality after five years, after adjusting for confounders. Low tertile of IgG (sHR 0.48, 95%CI: 0.25–0.90, p = 0.02) and IgG1 (sHR 0.50, CI: 0.24–1.04, p = 0.06) was associated low mortality among non-inflamed patients. In contrast, anti-MDA IgG2 among inflamed patients was significantly associated with increased mortality, IgG2(sHR 2.33, CI: 1.16–4.68, p = 0.01). IgM anti-MDA was a novel biomarker among HD-patients with low levels being associated with mortality, while low levels of IgG and IgG1 but not IgA anti-MDA were associated with mortality only among non-inflamed patients. IgG2 anti-MDA was a significant risk marker among inflamed patients, which could be related to infection.

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Maternal Partner Criminality and Cannabis use in Young Adulthood: Prospective Study

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1080/00048670701341897 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 546-553 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mohammad R. Hayatbakhsh ◽

Stuart A. Kinner ◽

Konrad Jamrozik ◽

Jake M. Najman ◽

Abdullah A. Mamun

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Mater Hospital ◽

Frequent Use ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of

Objectives: The present study examined whether the experience of the arrest or incarceration of a mother's partner before a child reached 14 years of age was associated with use of cannabis in early adulthood and, if so, whether this association was confounded or mediated by other factors. Method: Data were from the Mater Hospital University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy, a prospective birth cohort study in Brisbane, Australia. The history of partner arrest and incarceration was reported by mothers at the 14 year follow up. Mothers were divided into four groups: mothers whose partner had no history of arrest or incarceration, mothers reporting partner arrest, mothers reporting partner incarceration, and unpartnered mothers. Young adults’ cannabis use was assessed at 21 years. Other covariates were prospectively measured between birth and 14 years. Results: After controlling for potential confounding and mediating factors, frequent use of cannabis at age 21 was more likely among young adults with a history of maternal partner arrest (odds ratio=2.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.4–3.8). There was no significant association between maternal partner incarceration or single motherhood, and cannabis use at age 21. Conclusions: Arrest of the mother's partner before the child is 14 is associated with that child's increased cannabis use at age 21 but this does not appear to be the case for children whose fathers have been imprisoned. It appears that for children whose fathers have been arrested, the father's ongoing presence in the family may result in worse outcomes for the child, including an increased risk of cannabis use in young adulthood.

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Growth hormone replacement does not increase serum prostate-specific antigen in hypopituitary men over 50 years

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1470059 ◽

2002 ◽

pp. 59-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

CW le Roux ◽

PJ Jenkins ◽

SL Chew ◽

C Camacho-Hubner ◽

AB Grossman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Specific Antigen ◽

Gh Deficiency ◽

Hormone Replacement ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Serum Prostate Specific Antigen ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Igf I ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

OBJECTIVE: Epidemiological studies have shown an increased risk for prostate carcinoma in men with serum IGF-I in the upper part of the age-related reference range. Recombinant human GH (rhGH) is widely used in patients with GH deficiency, usually raising the serum IGF-I levels into the normal range: safety surveillance is therefore mandatory, with particular regard to neoplasia. The aim was to examine whether rhGH replacement in hypopituitary adults is associated with changes in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a surrogate marker of changes in prostatic growth. DESIGN AND METHODS: A prospective longitudinal study was used with a median follow-up of 22 (range 2.5-32) months, in which 41 men aged over 50 years with adult onset hypopituitarism and GH deficiency during rhGH replacement were examined. Serum PSA and IGF-I were measured at baseline and at latest follow-up. RESULTS: Mean serum PSA remained unchanged during rhGH replacement, with a median follow-up of 2 years. No correlation was found between the individual changes in serum IGF-I and changes in serum PSA. CONCLUSIONS: These data are reassuring thus far regarding the safety of GH replacement in relation to the prostate in this patient group.

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Early Exposure to Direct Instruction and Subsequent Juvenile Delinquency: A Prospective Examination

Council review ◽

10.1177/001440290206900106 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 85-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Paulette E. Mills ◽

Kevin N. Cole ◽

Joseph R. Jenkins ◽

Philip S. Dale

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Juvenile Delinquency ◽

Direct Instruction ◽

Preschool Education ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Young Children With Disabilities ◽

Long Term Impact ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

In a widely cited follow-up study of disadvantaged preschool attendees, Schweinhart, Weikart, and Larner (1986a) found that graduates of an early childhood program using direct instruction (DI) methods exhibited higher rates of juvenile delinquency at age 15 than did graduates of two other preschool education models. The present research examined juvenile delinquency outcomes for young children with disabilities in a prospective longitudinal study that tracked the long-term impact of two preschool models—one using DI, the other using a cognitively oriented, child-directed model. We followed 171 children who had been randomly assigned to the two early childhood models. At age 15, the groups did not differ significantly in their level of reported delinquency. Analyses suggest that gender differences in delinquent behavior may provide a more parsimonious explanation than program effects for the earlier Schweinhart et al. findings.

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The long-term longitudinal course of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in ADHD boys: findings from a controlled 10-year prospective longitudinal follow-up study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291707002668 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 38 (7) ◽

pp. 1027-1036 ◽

Cited By ~ 154

Author(s):

J. Biederman ◽

C. R. Petty ◽

C. Dolan ◽

S. Hughes ◽

E. Mick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Conduct Disorder ◽

Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Survival Function ◽

Oppositional Defiant ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

BackgroundA better understanding of the long-term scope and impact of the co-morbidity with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) youth has important clinical and public health implications.MethodSubjects were assessed blindly at baseline (mean age=10.7 years), 1-year (mean age=11.9 years), 4-year (mean age=14.7 years) and 10-year follow-up (mean age=21.7 years). The subjects' lifetime diagnostic status of ADHD, ODD and CD by the 4-year follow-up were used to define four groups (Controls, ADHD, ADHD plus ODD, and ADHD plus ODD and CD). Diagnostic outcomes at the 10-year follow-up were considered positive if full criteria were met any time after the 4-year assessment (interval diagnosis). Outcomes were examined using a Kaplan–Meier survival function (persistence of ODD), logistic regression (for binary outcomes) and negative binomial regression (for count outcomes) controlling for age.ResultsODD persisted in a substantial minority of subjects at the 10-year follow-up. Independent of co-morbid CD, ODD was associated with major depression in the interval between the 4-year and the 10-year follow-up. Although ODD significantly increased the risk for CD and antisocial personality disorder, CD conferred a much larger risk for these outcomes. Furthermore, only CD was associated with significantly increased risk for psychoactive substance use disorders, smoking, and bipolar disorder.ConclusionsThese longitudinal findings support and extend previously reported findings from this sample at the 4-year follow-up indicating that ODD and CD follow a divergent course. They also support previous findings that ODD heralds a compromised outcome for ADHD youth grown up independently of the co-morbidity with CD.

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