scholarly journals Phylogeography of Myrica nana: the Wumeng Mountains as a natural geographical isolation boundary on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Cai
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Vulnerable Species ◽  
Geographical Isolation ◽  
Cpdna Haplotype ◽  
Environmental Isolation ◽  
Climate Fluctuation ◽  
Guizhou Plateau

The Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau (YGP) is characterized by the distinctive isolated habitat of limestone Karst Islands and features the Wumeng Mountains (Mts), which divide the YGP into the two Plateaus of Yunnan and Guizhou. This study aims to assess the effects of past geographic and environmental isolation and climate fluctuation on the flora distribution in the YGP. To this effect, we analyzed the phylogeographical pattern and genetic structure for Myrica nana, a vulnerable species endemic to the YGP, based on chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence. The results suggest that the genetic and haplotype network structures are divided into at least two groups—cpDNA haplotype H2 (or nrDNA haplotypes h1, h2, and the native haplotype) mainly distributed to the east of the Wumeng Mts, and cpDNA haplotype H1 and haplotypes H3–H10 (or nrDNA haplotype h3) distributed to the west of the Wumeng Mts. A deep genetic split was noted within the two groups to reach 25 steps, especially for the cpDNA fragment variation. The east–west divergence reveals the existence of a natural geographical isolation boundary in the form of the Wumeng Mts, which divides the YGP into the Yunnan and Guizhou Plateaus. Therefore, there existed at least two glacial refugia during the Quaternary glacial period, along with a genetic diversity center, and at least two large geographic protection units for the vulnerable species of M. nana, distributed throughout the eastern and western sides of the Wumeng Mts. This study not only clarifies that the phylogeographical pattern and genetic structure for M. nana can be attributed to geographic and environmental isolation and climate fluctuation, but it also proposes an effective strategy to protect vulnerable species and the important wild flora of the YGP.

Genetic variability and demographic history of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) populations from Brazil inferred by mtDNA sequences

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.C. Albernaz ◽  
K.L. Silva-Brandão ◽  
P. Fresia ◽  
F.L. Cônsoli ◽  
C. Omoto
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Heliothis Virescens ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Demographic Expansion ◽  
Significant Genetic Structure ◽  
History Of

AbstractIntra- and inter-population genetic variability and the demographic history of Heliothis virescens (F.) populations were evaluated by using mtDNA markers (coxI, coxII and nad6) with samples from the major cotton- and soybean-producing regions in Brazil in the growing seasons 2007/08, 2008/09 and 2009/10. AMOVA indicated low and non-significant genetic structure, regardless of geographical scale, growing season or crop, with most of genetic variation occurring within populations. Clustering analyzes also indicated low genetic differentiation. The haplotype network obtained with combined datasets resulted in 35 haplotypes, with 28 exclusive occurrences, four of them sampled only from soybean fields. The minimum spanning network showed star-shaped structures typical of populations that underwent a recent demographic expansion. The recent expansion was supported by other demographic analyzes, such as the Bayesian skyline plot, the unimodal distribution of paired differences among mitochondrial sequences, and negative and significant values of neutrality tests for the Tajima's D and Fu's FS parameters. In addition, high values of haplotype diversity (Ĥ) and low values of nucleotide diversity (π), combined with a high number of low frequency haplotypes and values of θπ<θW, suggested a recent demographic expansion of H. virescens populations in Brazil. This demographic event could be responsible for the low genetic structure currently found; however, haplotypes present uniquely at the same geographic regions and from one specific host plant suggest an initial differentiation among H. virescens populations within Brazil.

Population genetic structure of golden pheasant Chrysolophus pictus in the Qinling Mountains, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuhao Huang ◽  
Xiaoping Yu ◽  
Wei Liang
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Central China ◽  
Qinling Mountains ◽  
Geographical Isolation ◽  
Natural Barrier

The golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus) is an endemic pheasant of central China and is protected under national legislation. The Qinling Mountains form a natural barrier between northern and southern China. We investigated the population genetic structure using 1123 nucleotides of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control-region from 55 individuals sampled from five populations of gold pheasant in the Qinling Mountains. We found sixteen haplotypes defined by fourteen polymorphic sites. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the haplotypes sampled from the five putative populations did not cluster into separate geographic branches. There was an insignificant genetic differentiation among the putative populations (except GSTS population), probably due to high levels of gene flow. Results from the mismatch distribution and neutrality test analyses indicated the populations did not experience a range expansion over the course of their histories. They also suggested there was no geographical isolation shaped by the Qingling Mountains for Chrysolophus pictus.

scholarly journals Quaternary diversification in European alpine plants: pattern and process

2004 ◽  
Vol 359 (1442) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim W. Kadereit ◽  
Eva Maria Griebeler ◽  
Hans Peter Comes
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Alpine Plants ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Filling Process ◽  
Geographical Isolation ◽  
Climatic Oscillations ◽  
Late Tertiary ◽  
Branching Patterns ◽  
Firm Evidence

Molecular clock approaches applied previously to European alpine plants suggest that Primula sect. Auricula , Gentiana sect. Ciminalis and Soldanella diversified at the beginning of the Quaternary or well within this period, whereas Globularia had already started diversifying in the (Late–)Tertiary. In the first part of this paper we present evidence that, in contrast to Globularia and Soldanella , the branching patterns of the molecular internal transcribed spacer phylogenies of both Primula and Gentiana are incompatible with a constant–rates birth–death model. In both of these last two taxa, speciation probably decreased through Quaternary times, perhaps because of some niche–filling process and/or a decrease in specific range size. In the second part, we apply nonlinear regression analyses to the lineage–through–time plots of P. sect. Auricula to test a range of capacity–dependent models of diversification, and the effect of Quaternary climatic oscillations on diversification and extinction. At least for one major clade of sect. Auricula there is firm evidence that both diversification and extinction are a function of temperature. Intriguingly, temperature appears to be correlated positively with extinction, but negatively with diversification. This suggests that diversification did not take place, as previously assumed, in geographical isolation in high–altitude interglacial refugia, but rather at low altitudes in geographically isolated glacial refugia.

Population genetic structure of Simulium degrangei (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Western Carpathians

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Jedlička ◽  
Matúš Kúdela ◽  
Tomáš Szemes ◽  
Peter Celec
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Western Carpathians ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Molecular Variation ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Of Greece

AbstractSimulium degrangei Dorier & Grenier, 1960 was recorded in southern and central Europe and in the Crimea and Caucasus. Its distribution pattern is scattered. The variability of the mtDNA gene encoding cytochrome oxidase I was studied in populations of S. degrangei from the Western Carpathians in Slovakia and in the northern Hellenides of Greece. In the analyzed samples, 21 haplotypes were recorded, of which twenty were private and occurred in only one mountain range, but one haplotype was found in all three studied populations from the Western Carpathians. Both haplotypes from the Hellenides were private, but these were not isolated and they fit into the haplotype network of the Western Carpathians. Statistics of genetic variability, different designs of analysis of molecular variation with non-significant differences and the pair-wise genetic distances support the hypothesis that there are no differences between the analyzed populations. Similarly, using nested clade phylogeographical analysis, no genetic-geographical structure was found.

scholarly journals Genetic identification of populations of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera Tephritidae) in the Niayes and Lower Casamance areas in Senegal

2021 ◽  
Vol 158 ◽  
pp. 16351-16362
Author(s):  
Mariama FAYE ◽  
Awa NDIAYE ◽  
Ibrahima DIALLO ◽  
Pape Mbacké SEMBENE
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Genetic Structure Of Populations ◽  
Identity Card ◽  
High Level

Objectives: the study examines the effect of the host plant and of the agro-ecological area on the genetic structure of populations of Bactrocera dorsalis in order to apprehend an appropriate period to fight this pest. Methodology and results: this study was conducted in two large areas mango productions Senegal (area Niayes and the forest area South) on 41 individuals of Bactrocera dorsalis with mitochondrial gene sequencing (cytochrome B). Several haplotypes (28) of which 27 individual have been identified with a high level of genetic diversity (Hd 0.972 and Pi 0.1563). The genetic demo tests suggested a population in equilibrium, a moderate expansion and a grouping according to the areas thus revealing a genetic structure linked to the localities. In addition, the haplotype network showed a majority haplotype comprising all areas, 24 individual haplotypes and a typical haplotype to Notto. Conclusion and application of findings : this exploratory study was in addition to having provided information on the genetic characterization of the species Bactrocera dorsalis , describes its structure and its genetic differentiation based on two areas - ecological where mango is practically cultivated in Senegal . It helped to understand the genetic identity card of the species Bactrocera dorsalis, whose purpose will be to know its weakest link and food preferences to provide alternative struggles. Keywords: Bactrocera dorsalis, Niayes, lower Casamance, mangoes, citrus, PCR, sequencing, cytochrome B

Population structure and parentage analysis of black poplar along the Morava River

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1067-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markéta Pospíšková ◽  
Ivana Šálková
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Parentage Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Poplars ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Nuclear Microsatellite ◽  
Dispersal Distances ◽  
Morava River

Twelve nuclear microsatellite markers were used to assess the population genetic structure of the riparian pioneer tree species Populus nigra L. along the Morava River in the Czech Republic. Parentage analysis of 30 seedlings was performed to examine the extent of hybridization between P. nigra and introduced hybrid poplars and to determine the distances of pollen and seed movement. Additionally, spatial genetic structure was analysed and gene dispersal was estimated indirectly. In spite of the limited size of our studied population (65 adult trees), the apparent overall genetic diversity was high (expected heterozygosity He = 0.82) and comparable to the known diversity of P. nigra in southern Europe, where its glacial refugia were located. Introgression of Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. genes to P. nigra was confirmed, since 13% of tested seedlings descended from a Populus ×canadensis Moench female. The results of parentage analysis showed that a low percentage (20%) of offspring originated from parents located outside the study site. Dispersal distances for pollen and seeds movement ranged from 10 to 230 m and from 163 to 370 m, respectively. The study revealed significant spatial genetic structure (regression slope –0.0158), which was probably caused by limited gene flow.

scholarly journals Genetic structure of the grey side-gilled sea slug (Pleurobranchaea maculata) in coastal waters of New Zealand

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeşerin Yıldırım ◽  
Marti J. Anderson ◽  
Selina Patel ◽  
Craig D. Millar ◽  
Paul B. Rainey
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Founding Population ◽  
Mtdna Sequence ◽  
Expansion Time ◽  
History Of

AbstractPleurobranchaea maculatais a rarely studied species of the Heterobranchia found throughout the south and western Pacific – and recently recorded in Argentina – whose population genetic structure is unknown. Interest in the species was sparked in New Zealand following a series of dog deaths caused by ingestions of slugs containing high levels of the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin. Here we describe the genetic structure and demographic history ofP. maculatapopulations from five principle locations in New Zealand based on extensive analyses of 12 microsatellite loci and theCOIandCytBregions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Microsatellite data showed significant differentiation between northern and southern populations with population structure being associated with previously described regional variations in tetrodotoxin concentrations. However, mtDNA sequence data did not support such structure, revealing a star-shaped haplotype network with estimates of expansion time suggesting a population expansion in the Pleistocene era. Inclusion of publicly available mtDNA sequence from Argentinian sea slugs did not alter the star-shaped network. We interpret our data as indicative of a single founding population that fragmented following geographical changes that brought about the present day north-south divide in New Zealand waters. Lack of evidence of cryptic species supports data indicating that differences in toxicity of individuals among regions are a consequence of differences in diet.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of Nasutitermes ephratae (Termitidae: Nasutitermitinae) in Neotropical region

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda de Faria Santos ◽  
Eliana Marques Cancello ◽  
Adriana Coletto Morales
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Central America ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Ancestral Area ◽  
Genetic Patterns ◽  
Dispersal Route ◽  
Ancestral Area Reconstruction ◽  
History Of

Abstract The neotropical region ranks third in the number of termites with five different families. Of these, Termitidae is the most diverse and includes the species Nasutitermes ephratae and is common in the neotropics. To date, only one study has been published about phylogeographic issues in neotropical termites (N. corniger). Here, we aimed to investigate and analyze the population genetic patterns of N. ephratae and then evaluated the phylogeographical processes involved in the evolutionary history of the species. We used the mitochondrial genes 16S rRNA and COII as molecular markers: These were sequenced for 128 samples of N. ephratae. We estimated the genetic diversity and divergence time as well as the demographic and genetic structure analyses. We also produced ancestral area reconstruction and a haplotype network. The results showed high genetic variability, recent demographic expansion, and strong genetic structure. We also inferred a dispersal route for the species that occurred in both directions between South and Central America. The results emphasize a temporary separation between the South and Central America population that affected the origin of the current Central America populations. These were formed form different phylogeographic histories.

scholarly journals Population structure and geographically structured reproductive strategies of the haplodiplontic seaweed Dictyota dichotoma

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédérique Steen ◽  
Verlaque Marc ◽  
Sofie D’hondt ◽  
Christophe Vieira ◽  
Olivier De Clerck
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Population Diversity ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Dictyota Dichotoma ◽  
Southern Norway

AbstractBoth mating system variation and the propensity of many seaweeds to reproduce both sexually and asexually, leave a strong imprint in the genetic structure of species. In this respect, we study the population genetic structure of Dictyota dichotoma, a common haplodiplont brown subtidal seaweed. This benthic species is widespread in the NE-Atlantic, from the Canary Islands and Mediterranean Sea to southern Norway, but lately populations have been reported from Argentina and South Africa. Phenology and reproduction of D. dichotoma was monitored year-round in four populations to investigate how the species has adapted to the steep thermal gradient in southern and northern ranges of its distribution. Thirteen microsatellites are developed in order to assess patterns of population diversity and structure across the biogeographic range, as shaped by past and present processes. Last, we assess the genetic structure of South African and South American populations and their relationship to the northern hemisphere populations.Throughout its range, D. dichotoma shows a varying reproductive effort, with sexual reproduction being more abundant in the northern range. In contrast, the Mediterranean populations show a clear sporophyte dominance, suggesting that sexual reproduction is not the prime mode of reproduction, and indicating that the species potentially resorts to other modes of propagation as for instance fragmentation or apospory.Genetic diversity is highest in the southern population decreasing gradually northward, indicative for a recolonization pattern after the demise of the last glacial maximum where these areas served as glacial refugia. European mainland populations show an isolation by distance pattern, while the population in the Canary Islands has its own genetic identity, being significantly diverged from the mainland population. Populations in South Africa and Argentina are seemingly introduced from mainland Europe, but no conclusion can be made on the exact timing of these introductions.

scholarly journals Genomic differentiation in an endemic Philippine genus (Aves: Sarcophanops) owing to geographical isolation on recently disassociated islands

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 814-821
Author(s):  
Luke C Campillo ◽  
Joseph D Manthey ◽  
Robert C Thomson ◽  
Peter A Hosner ◽  
Robert G Moyle
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Deep Structure ◽  
Island Population ◽  
Geographical Isolation ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Genetic Sampling ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Species Analysis

Abstract Phylogeographical studies of Philippine vertebrates have demonstrated that genetic variation is broadly partitioned by Pleistocene island aggregation. Contemporary island discontinuity is expected to influence genetic differentiation but remains relatively undocumented, perhaps because the current episode of island isolation started in relatively recent times. We investigated inter- and intra-island population structure in a Philippine endemic bird genus (Sarcophanops) to determine whether genetic differentiation has evolved during the recent period of isolation. We sequenced thousands of genome-wide restriction site associated DNA (RAD) markers from throughout the Mindanao group to assess fine-scale genetic structure across islands. Specifically, we investigated patterns of gene flow and connectivity within and between taxonomic and geographical bounds. A previous assessment of mitochondrial DNA detected deep structure between Sarcophanops samarensis and a sister species, Sarcophanops steerii, but was insufficient to detect differentiation within either species. Analysis of RAD markers, however, revealed structure within S. samarensis between the islands of Samar/Leyte and Bohol. This genetic differentiation probably demonstrates an effect of recent geographical isolation (after the Last Glacial Maximum) on the genetic structure of Philippine avifauna. We suggest that the general lack of evidence for differentiation between recently isolated populations is a failure to detect subtle population structure owing to past genetic sampling constraints, rather than the absence of such structure.

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