scholarly journals Matched Filter Based Spectrum Sensing Technique for 4G Cellular Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 973-978
Author(s):  
Shadab Kalhoro ◽  
Fahim Aziz Umrani ◽  
Mustahsan Khanzada ◽  
Liaquat Ali Rahoo
Keyword(s):  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Matched Filter ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Energy Detection ◽  
Secondary Users ◽  
Single Carrier ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Theoretical Results

Modern and fast developments of wireless technologies have directed to a great demand for resources. It can be seen in the study that the range of existing spectrum is not used effectively, therefore the frequency band should be observed to ensure proper usage and to have the information of primary or licensed user is very much essential. In this research work uplink of LTE (Long-Term Evolution) is observed through MF (Matched Filter) spectrum sensing technique of CR (Cognitive Radio) network. This method examines the existence of signals in minimum possible time, reduces the hindrances between secondary users, increases accurateness of sensing and provides finest choice of threshold. In Uplink the System model which is used is known as SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access). Entire simulation/results are prepared in MATLAB environment. This study also provides graphical contrast of simulated and theoretical results of matched filter and energy detection technique.

NOVEL MULTIPLE LEVEL SUBCARRIER ALLOCATION SCHEME IN SC-FDMA FOR LTE-A UPLINK

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Melood A. Abdased ◽  
Mahamod Ismail ◽  
Rosdiadee Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Access ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Frequency Division ◽  
Robust Performance ◽  
Frequency Allocation ◽  
Single Carrier ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Lower Complexity ◽  
Papr Performance

Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) uses Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Accesses (SC-FDMA) for uplink, because it has robust performance against the Peak Average Power Ratio (PAPR), compared to Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA). SC-FDMA schemes include Interleaved FDMA (IFDMA) and Localized FDMA (LFDMA), both of which are commonly practiced in LTE-A uplink. IFDMA allocates distributed frequency carriers for users, whereas LFDMA allocates localized frequency carriers for users. The frequency allocation in an IFDMA scheme exhibits better PAPR performance, whereas the advantage of LFDMA is its lower complexity requirements. In this paper, a new scheme is introduced that integrates IFDMA and LFDMA by using a variable interleave allocation of subcarriers in the bandwidth. Here, Generalized Interleaved Frequency Division Multiple Accesses (GIFDMA), is used as a master key that controls the allocation for interleaved and localized FDMA, also known as L/I FDMA. This integration of IFDMA and LFDMA has been derived theoretically and empirically. Simulations are conducted to investigate the effect of different parameters on the GIFDMA PAPR performance, which is compared to that of conventional IFDMA and LFDMA. The simulation results revealed that the proposed GIFDMA provides PAPR performance comparable to that of both LFDMA and IFDMA.

scholarly journals Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio using Frequency Domain

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3475-3477
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Bandwidth Allocation ◽  
Dynamic Spectrum Access ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Energy Detection ◽  
Secondary Users ◽  
Sensing Applications

An efficient bandwidth allocation and dynamic bandwidth access away from its previous limits is referred as cognitive radio (CR).The limited spectrum with inefficient usage requires the advances of dynamic spectrum access approach, where the secondary users are authorized to utilize the unused temporary licensed spectrum. For this reason it is essential to analyze the absence/presence of primary users for spectrum usage. So spectrum sensing is the main requirement and developed to sense the absence/ presence of a licensed user. This paper shows the design model of energy detection based spectrum sensing in frequency domain utilizing Binary Symmetric Channel (BSC) ,Additive white real Gaussian channel (AWGN), Rayleigh fading channel users for 16-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation(QAM) which is utilized for the wide band sensing applications at low Signal to noise Ratio(SNR) level to reduce the false error identification. The spectrum sensing techniques has least computational complexity. Simulink model for the energy detection based spectrum sensing using frequency domain in MATLAB 2014a.

scholarly journals 5G cognitive radio system design with new algorithm asynchronous spectrum sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 2046-2054
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mehdi Saleh ◽  
Ahmed A. Abbas ◽  
Ahmed Hammoodi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Energy Detection ◽  
Primary User ◽  
Spectrum Access ◽  
Secondary Users ◽  
Radio System ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Time Required

Due to the rapid increase in wireless applications and the number of users, spectrum scarcity, energy consumption and latency issues will emerge, notably in the fifth generation (5G) system. Cognitive radio (CR) has emerged as the primary technology to address these challenges, allowing opportunist spectrum access as well as the ability to analyze, observe, and learn how to respond to environmental 5G conditions. The CR has the ability to sense the spectrum and detect empty bands in order to use underutilized frequency bands without causing unwanted interference with legacy networks. In this paper, we presented a spectrum sensing algorithm based on energy detection that allows secondary user SU to transmit asynchronously with primary user PU without causing harmful interference. This algorithm reduced the sensing time required to scan the whole frequency band by dividing it into n sub-bands that are all scanned at the same time. Also, this algorithm allows cognitive radio networks (CRN) nodes to select their operating band without requiring cooperation with licensed users. According to the BER, secondary users have better performance compared with primary users.

scholarly journals ANALISA KELAYAKAN BISNIS STARONE DAN REKOMENDASI TEKNOLOGI ALTERNATIF

Jurnal Teknik ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Imron
Keyword(s):  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Code Division Multiple Access ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Key Performance Indicator ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Wireless Broadband ◽  
Code Division Multiple

Dalam perjalanannya teknologi telekomunikasi berbasis Code Division Multiple Acces (CDMA) adalah teknologi telepon seluler yang sudah ada di dunia hampir 20 tahun lebih. Setiap kali ada penantangnya dari teknologi Global System fo Mobile Communication (GSM), teknologi CDMA selalu berhasil menandinginya.  Teknologi CDMA  yang berawal  di Amerika  Serikat  ini telah dicermati selalu  mengimbangi perkembangan teknologi GSM . Pada saat itu GSM pertama muncul dan mengancam, teknologi CDMA dikembangkan menjadi CDMA 1X sebagai jawaban terhadap ancaman GSM. Kemudian ketika operator GSM meluncurkan GSM/EDGE, sekali lagi CDMA dikembangkan menjadi teknologi CDMA Evolution-Data Optimized (CDMA/EV-DO).  Tetapi  dengan  munculnya  3G-UMTS  dan  HSDPA,  kemudian dengan adanya rencana LTE (Long Term Evolution dari kamp GSM) dan WiMax dari dunia wireless broadband, kebanyakan operator dan carrier di Amerika Serikat enggan mendukung perkembangan teknologi CDMA lebih lanjut. Melihat perkembangan teknologi CDMA di dunia yang demikian tentu saja sedikit banyak mempengaruhi perkembangan CDMA di Indonesia tidak terkecuali PT. Indosat Tbk. dengan brand Starone yang sudah berlangsung hampir 10 tahun sejak kemunculannya pada tahun2004. Melihat bisnis CDMA ke depan khususnya Starone perlu dilakukan penelitian yang  dapat  menggambarkan  kelanjutan  bisnis  ini  bisa  dikembangkan  atau  tidak.Dengan pendekatan teori Balanced Scorecard dan Gap Analysis serta melihat profil keuangan yang mempunyai kecenderungan revenue yang menurun secara drastis,  darisisi pelanggan jumlah pelanggan aktif semakin hari semakin menurun, bisnis proses internal yang tidak memasukkan Key Performance Indicator (KPI)  sebagai tolok ukurutama dalam kinerja operasional serta pertumbuhan dan pembelajaran dari Starone ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa bisnis ini secara kontinuitas tidak dapat dilanjutkan lagi. Selanjutnya dicarikan jalan keluar bagi pelanggan yang masih berada pada layananStarone untuk menggunakan teknologi lain sehingga layanan komunikasi masih bisa dirasakan oleh pelanggan.Kata  Kunci:  Code  Division  Multiple  Access,  Strategy,  Balanced  Scorecard,  Key Performance Indicato,Gap Analysis

Next Generation Wireless Multiple Access Technology OFDMA and SC - FDMA Performance Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 1670-1675
Author(s):  
Lin Wan
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Access ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Frequency Division ◽  
Theoretical Derivation ◽  
Access Technology ◽  
Single Carrier ◽  
Access Scheme ◽  
Basic Performance ◽  
Better Than

orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC - FDMA) are the two kinds of 4 g wireless multiple access scheme. In the long term evolution (LTE) downlink link access scheme based on OFDMA, at the same time, the uplink access scheme based on SC - FDMA. In this article, we deduced the OFDMA and SC - FDMA basic performance difference, and then demonstrates the comprehensive performance comparisons between them. Theoretical derivation results show that the system capacity is better than that of SC - FDMA OFDMA. Then, we use the numerical simulation results confirm the conclusion. Keywords: OFDMA SC - FDMA basic capacity of the uplink transmission

scholarly journals Handshake Sense Multiple Access Control for Cognitive Radio-Based IoT Networks

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shafiq ◽  
Maqbool Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Khalil Afzal ◽  
Amjad Ali ◽  
Azeem Irshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Spectrum Sensing ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Markov Chain Model ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Distributed Network ◽  
Secondary Users ◽  
Lte Advanced ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Near Future

Internet-of-Things (IoT) enabling technologies such as ZigBee, WiFi, 6LowPAN, RFID, Machine-to-Machine, LTE-Advanced, etc. depend on the license-free Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM) bands for the Internet. The proliferation of IoT devices is not only anticipated to create a huge amount of congestion in the near future, but even now the unlicensed spectrum is not enough in the ISM bands. Towards this end, Cognitive Radio (CR) technology can resolve the spectrum shortage issue since CR users can opportunistically exploit white spaces in licensed channels of the adjacent wireless systems. In CR networks, it is critical to coordinate spectrum access among Secondary Users (SUs) while protecting priority rights of Primary Users (PUs). Therein, SUs need to take good care of hidden PUs in order to avoid harmful interference. Further, a densely deployed CR network can compromise spectrum sensing quality and certainty of the results when a large number of SUs contends to access the same channel. Therefore, based on the vulnerable sensing results, SUs can cause interference to the PUs. In this paper, we first investigate the leading issues and then propose a novel Handshake Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (HSMA/CA) protocol for CR-based IoT networks. Our proposed HSMA/CA scheme resolves hidden primary terminal problem and maintains sufficient priority rights to PUs in a densely distributed network. In addition, we optimize the spectrum sensing period to maximize the system performance by maintaining peculiarities in the sensing operation like false alarm and misdetection. To evaluate the performance of HSMA/CA, we have analyzed the protocol through the Markov chain model in terms of throughput and verify its accuracy by simulations. Simulation results show that our scheme is suitable for non-collaborative densely deployed CR-based IoT networks.

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