scholarly journals Risk Analysis of Cargos Damages for Aquatic Products of Refrigerated Containers: Shipping Operators’ Perspective in Taiwan

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Jui Tseng ◽  
Chien-Chang Chou . ◽  
Fu-Ting Hsu . ◽  
Yu-Meng Wang . ◽  
Ya-Ning Liu, Nai-Wen Chang, Yi-Wen Wu .
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Container Shipping ◽  
Container Transportation ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Aquatic Products

As the development of refrigerated container, transportation of aquatic products is growing rapidly in recent years. It is very important to avoid cargos damages for aquatic products of refrigerated containers, while the shipping operators are running this scope of business. Hence, the risk issue of adopting various improvement strategies would be important for the container shipping operators. In the light of this, the main purpose of this paper is to analyze the risks of cargos damages for aquatic products of refrigerated containers based on the container shipping operators’ perspective in Taiwan. We use four risk assessment procedures - risk identification, risk analysis and evaluation, risk strategies, and risk treatment - as the research method in this paper. The risk factors are generated from literature review and experts interviewing. Then, three dimensions with nineteen risk factors are preliminary identified. We used these risk factors to proceed with the empirical study via questionnaires. Three points of empirical results are presented. At first, the top factor of perceived risk as well as of risk severity is ‘container data setting errors.’ Secondly, the top factor of risk frequency is ‘lack of the goods’ pre-cooling themselves.’ Thirdly, three risk factors are classified into the low-risk area, whereas sixteen risk factors are placed on the medium-risk area. There is no risk factor fix on the high-risk area. Furthermore, three risk strategies - risk prevention, risk reduction, and risk transfer - are suggested to adopt by different risk factors.

Risk analysis for container shipping: from a logistics perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Hsun Chang ◽  
Jingjing Xu ◽  
Dong-Ping Song
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Container Shipping ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Operational Risks ◽  
Potential Risks

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore and analyse the risks in container shipping operations from a logistics perspective. In the paper, risks associated with the three flows in logistics − information, physical, and payment flow are identified and analysed. Design/methodology/approach – The use of case study method was first explained and justified. Second, risk identification was started with supporting references, several interviews were then conducted to identify and validate the potential risks in container shipping operations. A questionnaire was deployed to collect related data; and the impacts of the risks were then assessed and ranked using the method of risk mapping. Findings – The paper has identified a total of 35 risk factors and classified them into different categories. The paper has also revealed that the risks associated with physical flows have more serious risk impacts than the other types of risks; however, one of the risk factors associated with information flow (shippers hiding cargo information) is the most significant one among all the factors. Originality/value – Although many studies have been conducted on container shipping operational risks, no studies so far have approached this issue from a perspective that inclusively examines all the possible risks and comprehensively evaluates the relative importance of each of them. This study has identified the risks in container shipping operations, and analysed and ranked the level of these risks. The research further “refines” the findings of some previous studies by placing the risk factors addressed therein in a full “risk picture” which was developed systematically.

Risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma in high-risk area of Thailand: Role of lifestyle, diet and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. e89-e94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nopparat Songserm ◽  
Supannee Promthet ◽  
Paiboon Sithithaworn ◽  
Chamsai Pientong ◽  
Tipaya Ekalaksananan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
High Risk Area

scholarly journals Environmental Sanitation Factors and human Behaviour Associated with Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Rural Communities of Cameroon

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Natchema S. F. Brice ◽  
Atembeh Noura E. ◽  
Nkengazong Lucia ◽  
Ebogo Belobo Jean Thierry ◽  
Ngo Ngué Thérése Nadyne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Human Aspects

Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infections still constitute major public health threats in many areas in Cameroon. To improve control measures, epidemiological data from environmental and human aspects are necessary to draw concrete control strategies to better follow-up the population at risk. Aim of the Study: This study aimed to investigate environmental risk factors related to infections in the Lolodorf health district, a high risk area of south Cameroon. Methods: A total of 325 participants who gave their informed consent were recruited for the study. Stool samples were collected and examined microscopically in search of helminth eggs and protozoan cysts using the Kato Katz and concentration Formol-ether techniques. Questionnaires were filled by participants to evaluate the risk factors. Results: Overall, 117 (42.9%) among the 325 participants harbored at least one parasite species with 75 (27.5%) having single infections and 42 (15.4%) having multiple infections. Ascaris lumbricoides (11.0%), Trichuris trichiura (26.4%), Hookworms (12.5%), Entamoeba coli (10.6%) and Entamoeba histolytica / Entamoeba dispar (1,5%) were diagnosed. Females were more infected (48.7%; p=0.04) compared to males (35.2%). Infection rate varied significantly according to villages (p=0.001). Univariate analysis revealed the following: gender (48.7%; p= 0.04), agricultural activities (47.7%; p= 0.04) and absence of treatment (50.8%: p=0.02) to be risk factors correlated to infection. Other factors such as age (49.3%), family size (47.8%), absence of toilets (53.5%), irregular use of shoes (48.6%), not wearing shoes (60.0%), irregular hand washing before meals (48.4%) and eating raw food (45.5%) had high infestation rates though with no significance. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that people who had never received any treatment had high risks of being infected (p=0.01; OR =0.17; 95% CI = 0.06 to 0.5). Conclusion: Improved sanitation, water supply and regular and extended deworming in the entire communities are fundamental issues in controlling intestinal parasitic infections.

Shaping an audit strategy based on mapping and spectral risk analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1276-1309
Author(s):  
Aleksei V. PETUKH ◽  
Ol'ga I. SHVYREVA
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Heat Map ◽  
Audit Risk ◽  
Internal Auditors ◽  
Audit Strategy ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

Subject. This article deals with the practice of forming an audit strategy in conditions of uncertainty of parameterization of probability and significance of risks of material misstatement of financial statements. Objectives. The article aims to substantiate a risk-based audit strategy construction using the risk heat map tool and determining the necessary and sufficient actions of the auditor in response to the assessed risks. Methods. For the study, we used a content analysis, systematization, classification, and the abstract-logical and data visualization graphical methods. Results. Based on the content analysis of the revised ISAs that regulate audit risk, the article clarifies the aspects of risk identification, assessment, and fixing, the parameters of positioning and visualization of risk factors depending on their likelihood and significance. The article introduces a scenario mechanism for sufficient appropriate actions of the auditor in response to specific risk factor characteristics. It develops and presents a method of spectral analysis of a complex of assessed risk factors of material misstatement of reporting in order to build up an audit strategy. Conclusions and Relevance. The developed models of the audit risk heat map and the generalized map of the spectral risk analysis are the most rational tools for the formation of a scientifically based audit strategy with emphasis on the high-risk areas. The results of this article can be used in the practical activities of auditors and audit organizations, as well as internal auditors seeking to plan control measures using digital methods most effectively.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Risk Factors for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in a High-risk Area of India, the Northeastern Region

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 4927-4935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Singh Lourembam ◽  
Asem Robinson Singh ◽  
T. Dhaneshor Sharma ◽  
Th Sudheeranjan Singh ◽  
Thiyam Ramsing Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Northeastern Region

Updated incidence rates and risk factors of esophageal cancer in Nan'ao Island, a coastal high-risk area in southern China

2016 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua-Zhen Tan ◽  
Wen-Jie Lin ◽  
Jin-Qu Huang ◽  
Meng Dai ◽  
Jian-Hua Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
High Risk Area

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Esophageal Cancer in a High-incidence Area of Malawi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja L. Geßner ◽  
Angelika Borkowetz ◽  
Torsten J. Wilhelm ◽  
Enock Ludzu ◽  
Michael Baier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Smoked Fish

Abstract Purpose To explore associations of nutritional, infectious, and lifestyle factors with esophageal cancer (EC) occurrence in a high-risk area of Malawi.Methods This case–control study was performed with 227 patients. Data on clinicopathological characteristics and risk factors were collected using a questionnaire developed for this study specifically. Ninety-eight blood samples were collected and the prevalence of antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and Helicobacter pylori were determined serologically. Fisher’s exact test was used for nominal variables and the Mann–Whitney U test was used for continuous variables. Binary linear regression was performed with variables that were significant in the Fisher and Mann–Whitney tests.Results The tumor and control groups comprised 157 and 70 patients, respectively. Patients with tumors were significantly older than controls (P < 0.001). EC was associated with smoking (P < 0.001) and alcohol consumption (P = 0.020), but 43% of patients with tumors did not smoke or drink. EC was associated with the consumption of hot food and tea (P = 0.003) and smoked fish (P = 0.011). EC was not associated with any serologically investigated infectious agent. In logistic regression analysis, age [odds ratio (OR), 1.042; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.019–1.066; P < 0.001] and hot food and tea consumption (OR, 2.331; 95% CI, 1.167–4.656; P = 0.016) were significant.Conclusions Apart from alcohol consumption and smoking, the consumption of hot food or tea and smoked fish are associated with EC in Malawi.

Periodic monitoring of vampire bats and rabies: a new framework for animal restoration projects in the Neotropics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Gonçalves ◽  
Daniel G. Streicker ◽  
Mauro Galetti
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Food Web Structure ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Restoration Project ◽  
Vampire Bats

Nowadays, restoration project might lead to increased public engagement and enthusiasm for biodiversity and is receiving increased media attention in major newspapers, TED talks and the scientific literature. However, empirical research on restoration project is rare, fragmented, and geographically biased and long-term studies that monitor indirect and unexpected effects are needed to support future management decisions especially in the Neotropical area. Changes in animal population dynamics and community composition following species (re)introduction may have unanticipated consequences for a variety of downstream ecosystem processes, including food web structure, predator-prey systems and infectious disease transmission. Recently, an unprecedented study in Brazil showed changes in vampire bat feeding following a rewilding project and further transformed the land-bridge island into a high-risk area for rabies transmission. Due the lessons learned from ongoing project, we present a novel approach on how to anticipate, monitor, and mitigate the vampire bats and rabies in rewilding projects. We pinpoint a series of precautions and the need for long-term monitoring of vampire bats and rabies responses to rewilding projects and highlighted the importance of multidisciplinary teams of scientist and managers focusing on prevention educational program of rabies risk transmitted by bats. In addition, monitoring the relative abundance of vampire bats, considering reproductive control by sterilization and oral vaccines that autonomously transfer among bats would reduce the probability, size and duration of rabies outbreaks. The rewilding assessment framework presented here responds to calls to better integrate the science and practice of rewilding and also could be used for long-term studying of bat-transmitted pathogen in the Neotropical area as the region is considered a geographic hotspots of “missing bat zoonoses”.

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