scholarly journals Determinants of Financial Sustainability of Microfinance Institutions in Ghana

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4(J)) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Gershwin Long
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Administrative Efficiency ◽  
High Level

The importance of microfinance to developmental objectives relating to access to financial services, poverty alleviation, inequality reduction, and providing a solution to financial market failure among others cannot be over-emphasized. Academic literature confirming this is abundant. However the sustainability of these institutions has been a major concern in the recent past. This study seeks to determine what drives financial sustainability of microfinance institutions within the Ghanaian context. The study follows a quantitative approach using secondary data sourced from MIX Market. An unbalanced panel dataset from 25 Ghanaian microfinance institutions over six years (2006-2011) was used. Econometric results found that sustainability of microfinance institutions is positively related to the yield on gross portfolio and administrative efficiency ratio and negatively related to staff productivity. The direction of the staff productivity is puzzling and calls for more in-depth research to understand the source of the negative relationship between high level of staff productivity and financial sustainability.

scholarly journals A Survey of Literature on the Sustainability of Grameen Bank

2008 ◽  
pp. 71-88
Author(s):  
Mamunur Rashid ◽  
Dr. Taslima Begum ◽  
Md. Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Md. Monimul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Rural Poor ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Grameen Bank ◽  
Group Lending ◽  
Soft Term

This paper is designed to survey the existing literatures on the issue of financial sustainability of microfinance institutions working with group-lending approach. The paper is based on secondary data and information. The most highlighted feature of microfinance program is embodied in the innovation of group-lending approach introduced by the Grameen Bank (GB) in Bangladesh. Even though most of the micro­finance institutions have their striking results of reaching to the poorest borrowers with high repayment rates, most of them are, however, still dependent on the subsidized or soft-term loans. Grameen Bank, with all its success in poverty alleviation and in increasing living standard of the rural poor, is yet to achieve financial sustainability to a fullest form. Should it increase the lending rate, should it reduce its operating costs to a greater extent, or should it try to diversify its investment, or should it try to mobilize savings as a base for re-lending? All these questions are still open for further research and planning.

scholarly journals The Islamic Microfinance System And Its Ultimate Impact On The Poor In Bauchi Metropolis In The Context Of Socio-Economic Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Hashim Sabo Bello ◽  
Shamsuddeen Abubakar ◽  
Sunusi Abdulkadir Fateh
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Islamic Microfinance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level ◽  
Financial Transactions ◽  
The Impact

One of the conditions for providing social services to the population, reducing the differentiation of their incomes, as well as reducing poverty is to provide equal access to financial services for all segments of the population. Despite high unemployment and a significant number of poor people, only about a few thousand Nigerians today use Islamic microfinance services. The main purpose of this study is to study the impact of the Islamic microfinance system on the financial situation of the population. The study is based on the principles of the theory of positivism. Methods of deduction, statistical analysis, and survey served as methodological tools. The authors of the article developed a structured questionnaire, the analysis of which allowed to analyze the attitude of citizens to Islamic microfinance services. A representative sample of citizens of the metropolis Bauchi with different levels of wealth, age and gender was selected for the study. According to the results of the survey, the development of special microcredit programs for low-income people allowed to finance the start of their own business, thus providing their own and household members’ employment. The main factors hindering the development of microfinance in Muslim countries are the high level of non-repayment of borrowed funds, imperfect infrastructure, the presence of Sharia bans on certain types of financial transactions. The results of the study showed the need for an active information campaign aimed at explaining the benefits of using macro-financial services and their accessibility for low-income citizens, as well as expanding the network of microfinance institutions throughout the metropolis. These measures will create conditions for the development of small business in the country, and as a consequence reduce poverty and reduce the number of unemployed in the country.

scholarly journals Examining the Social Problem of Kidnapping as a Reaction Against Injustice in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-185
Author(s):  
Dare O. Omonijo ◽  
Michael C. Anyaegbunam ◽  
Chidozie B. Obiorah ◽  
Samuel N. C Nwagbo ◽  
Caleb A. Ayedun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Review Paper ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
High Level

Abstract Although, studies have shown several cases of kidnapping in both developed and developing countries but the case of a developing country like Nigeria is seems to be pathetic and worrisome, largely because of its contributions to the ancient slave trade that greatly affected several Nigerians for many centuries in the past. With such awful experiences in the past and its contribution to backwardness of the human race, one would have thought that cases of kidnapping would never occur in Nigeria, but the reverse has been the case in the contemporary. Hence, several studies have emerged on the subject of kidnapping in recent times. However, it could be observed that these studies are strongly connected with rituals power, wealth and traditional purposes. While the nature of the Nigerian society which is characterised by injustice and its contributions to the menace of kidnapping has been hitherto neglected in academic literature. The present study intends to address this flaw in knowledge by addressing the three research questions raised. Being a review paper, the study engaged secondary data in collecting relevant information to analyse and illustrate questions raised. The study argues that if the current high level of injustice in Nigeria could be reduced, there may be a corresponding reduction in the cases of kidnapping.

scholarly journals Developing a Financial Sustainability Model of the Performance Indicators Applied by Jordan Water Company (Miyahuna)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-87
Author(s):  
Lubna Owais ◽  
Judit T. Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Performance Measurement System ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Water Association ◽  
And Training

Jordan is now facing real challenges to satisfy the current population water needs due to limited resources. Moreover, unfortunately, as a result of the increased demand for water in developing countries, water resources become scarce, thus, the sustainable management of water resources is very important everywhere and especially in these areas. The Ministry of Water and Irrigation in Jordan is aiming to improve both its quality of service and financial sustainability, therefore, it started to apply the performance measurement system developed by the International Water Association (IWA) to monitor its performance towards achieving these goals. In this article, a model connecting a financial sustainability indicator (operating cost coverage ratio) with other performance indicators applied by the ministry is developed. To assess the performance indicators and to build the model secondary data are collected from the targeted company, the data are analyzed using SPSS and Excel computer programs. Non-revenue water (NRW), speed of repair of bursts, and training per employee are found to be the indicators that have a major impact on Miyahuna’s financial sustainability, the NRW is found to have a negative relationship with the financial sustainability, whereas the other two indicators have a positive relationship. As a conclusion, reducing the NRW and increasing both the speed of repair and training per employee are recommended, by applying some methods that continuously diagnose problems in the water systems and defining clear and strict policies to control the water theft. Furthermore, using Active Leakage Control (ALC) methods, providing the needed equipment, tools and resources, and adopting new methods for training.

scholarly journals ANALISIS SUKU BUNGA, INFLASI DAN KREDIT MACET MODAL KERJA DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Poeja Maura ◽  
Yeniwati Yeniwati
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Library Studies

This study aims to determine the effect of reference interest rates on inflation and bad credit working capital and also see how the effect of inflation on bad credit working capital in Indonesia. The type of research used is descriptive and associative research, namely research that describes the research variable and finds the presence or absence of influence between the independent variable and the dependent variable. The type of data in this study are quantitative secondary data and time series from 2016M6-2018M11 with documentation data collection techniques sourced from Bank Indonesia (BI), Financial Services Authority (OJK), Central Statistics Agency (BPS), and other library studies . Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression models with steps: (1) classical assumptions, (2) hypothesis testing, and (3) test coefficient of determination (R2). The results of this study indicate that: (1) The benchmark interest rate has a negative and significant relationship to inflation. (2) The reference interest rate has a positive and significant relationship to non-performing loans of working capital in Indonesia. (3) Inflation has a non-significant and negative relationship to non-performing loans of working capital in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the effect of reference interest rates on inflation and bad credit working capital and also see how the effect of inflation on bad credit working capital in Indonesia. The type of research used is descriptive and associative research, namely research that describes the research variable and finds the presence or absence of influence between the independent variable and the dependent variable. The type of data in this study are quantitative secondary data and time series from 2016M6-2018M11 with documentation data collection techniques sourced from Bank Indonesia (BI), Financial Services Authority (OJK), Central Statistics Agency (BPS), and other library studies . Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression models with steps: (1) classical assumptions, (2) hypothesis testing, and (3) test coefficient of determination (R2). The results of this study indicate that: (1) The benchmark interest rate has a negative and significant relationship to inflation. (2) The reference interest rate has a positive and significant relationship to non-performing loans of working capital in Indonesia. (3) Inflation has a non-significant and negative relationship to non-performing loans of working capital in Indonesia. <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid

scholarly journals Determinants of Financial Sustainability for Microfinance Institutions: Lessons for Islamic Microfinance Banks in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 301-320
Author(s):  
Abdurrahman Abdullahi ◽  
Anwar Hasan Abdullah Othman
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Islamic Microfinance ◽  
Asset Size ◽  
Good Risk ◽  
Economic And Financial Crisis

Islamic microfinance institutions play a major role in the provision of financial services to the poor and underprivileged through non-interest, equity-based products and services. To achieve these critical objectives, however, they need to be financially sustainable, which is threatened by the current economic and financial crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The objective of this paper is to review the determinants of financial sustainability of microfinance institutions with a view to drawing lessons for Islamic microfinance banks in Nigeria. The paper utilized the literature review methodology to synthesize research findings in the area. The review revealed that the major determinants of financial sustainability of microfinance institutions are the capital structure, asset size, and financial innovation. Others are good risk management and corporate governance frameworks. The paper thus recommended that Islamic microfinance institutions in Nigeria should maintain a robust capital structure that relies more on equity, a lean but diversified Board, and utilize more technology-based services. Most importantly, they should emphasize profit and loss sharing principles in their operations.

Social and Financial Efficiency: A Study of Indian Microfinance Institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Swati Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Social Efficiency ◽  
Financial Efficiency ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data

Microfinance institutions (MFIs) provides savings, credit, insurance and remittance facilities to more impoverished people without any collateral. MFIs have twin goals: social outreach and financial sustainability. Outreach refers to how many people are served by MFIs while the capacity of MFIs to serve longer is financial sustainability. The social and financial performance of MFIs is the most debatable issue in the Indian microfinance industry. Social efficiency indicates MFIs’ willingness to support a higher number of poorer consumers while financial efficiency indicates how long financial services can be offered to the poor by institutions. The success of these organizations is very critical for the continuity of funding support for donor agencies and the government. Using data envelopment analysis (DEA) techniques this paper calculates the efficiency of Indian NGO–MFIs. The research also uses Tobit regression to estimate the factors of the efficiency of MFIs. The data is taken from the Microfinance Information Exchange for the period 2009 to 2015. Results indicate that NGO–MFIs are financially more efficient than social ones. Regression findings show that the critical variable for the financial and social efficiency of NGO–MFIs is operational self-sufficiency (OSS). Very few empirical studies are available in the Indian context that discuss the efficiency of Indian NGO–MFIs. The present paper provides standards for performance measures of NGO–MFIs operating in India to assist in improving the performance and growth of microfinance firms.

scholarly journals Impact of Microfinance Banks on Micro and Small Enterprises in Ogun State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard O. Akingunola ◽  
Enitan O. Olowofela ◽  
Lateef Yunusa
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Small Enterprise ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Simple Regression Analysis ◽  
Micro And Small Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

This research investigated the impact of microfinance on Micro and Small Enterprise (MSE) in Ogun State, Nigeria. There were two research problems. First, it was whether microfinance bank (financial intermediation services) assists MSEs in Ogun State, Nigeria. Second, it was whether microfinance banks assist MSEs in improving the volume of trade they engaged in Ogun State, Nigeria. The purposive and stratified sampling method was used. The survey obtained 408 respondents in MSEs in Ogun State. The research problems were tested with simple regression analysis. Findings from the first problem show that there is a negative relationship between intermediary financial services (credit disbursement) and MSEs. The second finding also shows there is a positive relationship between microcredit and business expansion. The research concludes that businesses that access microcredit have grown averagely regarding business expansion. Therefore, it is recommended that microfinance banks should increase the size of loan and interest charged to MSEs, so they have enough funds to finance their operations. The researchers further recommend that government should review the activities of microfinance institutions.

scholarly journals In competency Aspects of Microfinance Industry: Via SFA approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1(J)) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madiha Riaz
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Analysis ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Mission Drift ◽  
Social Mission

Microfinance is a well known terminology used for microcredit and financial services for financially deprived community. Through informal, semi-formal and formal ways different institutions has been providing these services. Expenditure of the industry is considered to be high because of its inherent structure, dealing with small loans and having high risk of recovery. Therefore, expected inefficiency is greater than its profit. There are several factors and reason. Through this study, we analyzed few factors which have a positive or negative relation with the inefficiency of Microfinance in Pakistan. Stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) is used for weighing up a relationship between inefficiency and its determinants. It is seen that the average efficiency of this sector is low, on average the highest technical efficiency score is 87 only. Age and number of clients have a negative relationship with inefficiency whereas for other variable's relationship is conditional on Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) working status. The number of women borrowers and average loan balance has been incorporated in the study to analyze the focus of MFIs, either on mission drift or achievement. We found that microfinance banks (MFBs) are drifting away, however, Non Government Organizations (NGOs) and Rural Support Programs (RSPs) are fulfilling their social mission efficiently. We did not find a strong evidence of mission drift in the industry because microfinance banks considered their social mission on second priority. Hence, if MFBs are drifting away from their social services, it is not unexpected.

scholarly journals Profiting from Poverty? A Case Study of UK based Microfinance Institutions

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Navin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
External Capital

The success of the microfinance movement is beyond doubt. However, as the scope of the sector increased and commercialised, some problems of it became evident. Issue of profitability and sustainability of Microfinance institutions (MFIs) and, use of external capital by them are the two most debatable issues of the microfinance sector. The current study investigates these issues by targeting MFIs and consultants of microfinance sector located in UK. These MFIs and consultants have operations in different poor and developing countries. The study found that believing that MFIs can alone eliminate poverty is a fallacy. Any such belief by the policymakers will make further delay in eradicating poverty. The study also found that financial sustainability of microfinance seems to remain unachievable for most of the MFIs and, that there are fair chances of having trade-off between financial performance and social performance for those MFIs. On this line of thought, the study concludes by arguing that microfinance cannot be treated only as a substitute of the traditional financial services.

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