scholarly journals Productivity of wheat grown in conditions of unconventional agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (29) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Vesselin Dochev ◽  
◽  
Atanas Atanassov ◽  
Krasimira Uzunova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combined Treatment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Positive Difference ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
Common Variety ◽  
Modern Wheat ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Biodynamic Preparations ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Made In

The production of clean, healthy and high quality agricultural products is becoming increasingly important. In modern wheat agriculture, research with biological and biodynamic preparations is increasingly presented. With the common variety of winter wheat Venka 1, a study was conducted in the period 2019 - 2020 on carbonate, chernozem soil type, in the experimental field of Agricultural Institute Shumen. The experiment is based on the block method, in four replications with the size of the experimental plot 10 m2. Sowing was carried out in October with a sowing rate of 500 sprouts / m2 after the predecessor sugar flower. In the appropriate periods, treatments were made in 4 variants: 1) Control – untreated variant; 2) Treatment with biodynamic preparations: Preparation 500 + Fladen preparation + preparation 501; 3) Treatment with biological preparations: Heliosulfur + Free N; 4) Combined treatment with the same biodynamic and biological preparations. After the readings of the biometric indicators and the statistical analysis for the first year of the study, a proven positive difference was found in the variant treated with biological preparations on the length of the spike, number and weight of grains per spike. In the second year, a proven positive difference was obtained in the variants treated with biological and biodynamic preparations and in their combination on the length of the spike, number and weight of grains per spike. A difference in the number of spikelets per spike was substantially demonstrated only in the variant treated with biological preparations in the second year of the study. For a proven positive effect in the variant treated with biodynamic preparations, technological time is needed in order to show the real effect of their action on the yield in wheat.

scholarly journals Technological properties of triticale (Secale cereale L.) grown under unconventional agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
Veselin Dochev
Keyword(s):  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Solution Preparation ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Biodynamic Preparations ◽  
Formation Phase ◽  
Made In

Abstract During the period 2019 - 2020, a study was conducted on soil type calcic chernozem with Kolorit triticale variety. The experiment is based on the block method, in four replications with a size of the experimental plot of 10 m2. Sowing was carried out in October with a sowing rate of 500 sprouts/m2 after the predecessor sugar beet. In the appropriate periods, treatments were made in 4 variants: 1) Control - untreated variant, 2) Treatment with biodynamic preparations: 500 + Fladen preparation + preparation 501, 3) Treatment with biological preparations: Heliosulfur + Free N, 4) Combined treatment with the same biodynamic and biological preparations. Preparation 500 was applied in the phase of autumn and spring triticale tillering - 5% solution. Preparation 501 was applied in the phase of ear formation - 1.5 g for 30 l of water/da. Fladen preparation was applied in the phase of autumn and spring tillering - 1.5% solution. Heliosulfur was applied in the ear formation phase - flowering at a dose of 50 ml/da, on an appropriate date on the biodynamic calendar. Free N was applied to the soil in the phase of autumn and spring tillering at a dose of 50 ml/da, on an appropriate date on the biodynamic calendar. The analysis of the technological qualities is made according to the respective ISO methodology. The statistical data processing was performed with the STATGRAPH program. The application of biodynamic and biological preparations and their joint use leads to an increase in the content of Nitrogen-free Extracts, an increase in the content of Minerals and Ca in the variant treated with a combination of biodynamic and biological preparations. Treatment with biodynamic preparations has been shown to increase the dry matter and organic matter content of the grain, while when compared to the control one, a difference in the same indicators has been observed only in the second year of the experiment with biological preparations. Treatment with biodynamic and biological preparations and their joint use did not affect the content of N, P and K.

scholarly journals Phytochemical properties and heavy metal accumulation in wheat grain after three years’ fertilization with biogas digestate and mineral waste

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Różyło ◽  
Michał Świeca ◽  
Urszula Gawlik-Dziki ◽  
Ewa Kwiecińska-Poppe ◽  
Sylwia Andruszczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Biogas Digestate ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Bioaccumulation Index ◽  
Positive Effect

Non-standard materials used for plant fertilization, require characterization to reduce any possible undesired effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fertilization with biogas digestate (BD) and mining waste (carboniferous mudstones (MS) from coal mine) on wheat yield quality and the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in wheat grains in relation to conventional fertilization (NPK) and no fertilization. Using the co-application of waste (MS+BD), the highest yield was obtained in the first and second year, but in the third year, a slight decrease in yield was observed compared to NPK. In all years, BD and MS+BD fertilization increased the content of protein, wet gluten, and phenols in wheat grain compared to NPK and no fertilization. Waste fertilization had a positive effect on the antioxidant capacity index of grain but only in the first year. The bioaccumulation index (BAI) demonstrated that NPK decreased BAI for Zn, B, Cd, and Mn, whereas MS+BD decreased BAI for Cu, Sr, Pb, Co, Ba, and Cr.

scholarly journals Technological qualities of common winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in conditions of unconventional agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-87
Author(s):  
Veselin Dochev
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Solution Preparation ◽  
Biodynamic Preparations ◽  
Formation Phase ◽  
Made In

Abstract During the period 2019 - 2020, a study was conducted on soil type calcic chernozem with Venka 1 common winter wheat variety. The experiment is based on the block method, in four replications with a size of the experimental plot of 10 m2. Sowing was carried out in October with a sowing rate of 500 sprouts/m2 after the predecessor sugar beet. In the appropriate periods, treatments were made in 4 variants: 1) Control - untreated variant, 2) Treatment with biodynamic preparations: 500 + Fladen preparation + preparation 501, 3) Treatment with biological preparations: Heliosulfur + Free N. 4) Combined treatment with the same biodynamic and biological preparations. Preparation 500 was applied in the phase of autumn and spring wheat tillering - 5% solution. Preparation 501 was applied in the phase ear formation - 1.5 g for 30 l of water/da. Fladen preparation is applied in the phase of autumn and spring tillering - 1.5% solution. Heliosulfur was applied in the ear formation phase - flowering at a dose of 50 ml/da, at an appropriate date on the biodynamic calendar. Free N was applied to the soil in the phase of autumn and spring tillering at a dose of 50 ml/da, at an appropriate date on the biodynamic calendar. The analysis of the technological qualities is made according to the respective ISO methodology. The statistical data processing was performed with the STATGRAPH program. The application of biodynamic and biological preparations and their joint use leads to an increase in the yield of wet gluten, as well as an increase in the content of N, P, K and protein in wheat grain. It has been proven that the combined use of biodynamic and biological preparations increases the content of dry matter, organic matter and the content of nitrogen-free extracts in wheat grain. The content of crude proteins has been shown to increase only in the varieties treated with biodynamic and biological preparations.

The Case for General Mathematics

1922 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 381-391
Author(s):  
William David Reeve
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Plane Geometry ◽  
First Year ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
The Third ◽  
Teaching Algebra ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Made In

I shall not attempt, in this paper, to discredit our traditional methods of teaching algebra in the first year of the high school, followed by plane geometry in the second year, intermediate algebra in the third year, and so on. I say this in spite of the fact that much of our traditional practice and the accompanying results might justify one in so doing. In short, I am not interested in a destructive type of criticism of past methods with a view to setting up new bits of content (or at least reorganized content) and technique of procedure. Certainly, I should not favor a method which would seem to be attempting to force any set program upon the teaching body. The best progress is not made in that way. With many teachers of mathematics, the traditional order of treatment, if not the traditional methods, will prevail. Moreover, this will he true even after much experience and available scientific data may make a trial of some form of reorganized content and methods seem wise and feasible.

Phytotoxicity of Herbicides to a Tifgreen Bermudagrass Green

Weed Science ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Callahan
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Third ◽  
Calcium Arsenate ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Made In

A ‘tifgreen’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers.] golf-type green was treated with seven preemergence and one postemergence type herbicides at two rates each for three consecutive years to assess their phytotoxicity. A few herbicides were applied on a second, third, and fourth treatment date during the year with applications made in separate plots. Severe foliage injury occurred the first year with siduron [1-(2-methylcyclohexyl)-3-phenylurea] while moderate injury occurred with bromacil (5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil) and DCPA (dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate); and slight injury occurred with benefin (N-butyl-N-ethyl-α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine), bensulide [0,0-diisopropyl phosphorodithioateS-ester withN-(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide], and terbutol (2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-tolyl methylcarbamate). No injury was observed with bandane (polychlorodicyclopentadiene isomers) and tri-calcium arsenate. Injury to the bermudagrass in the second year following renewal treatments was severe with siduron and bromacil; moderate with benefin, bandane, DCPA, and terbutol; and slight with bensulide and tri-calcium arsenate. Injury in the third year following repeat applications was severe with siduron, terbutol, bandane, bromacil, benefin, and DCPA; slight to moderate with bensulide, and slight with tri-calcium arsenate. Injury observed the fourth year resulting from residues was moderate with bandane; slight with terbutol, benefin, bensulide, and DCPA; and none with siduron, bromacil, and tri-calcium arsenate.

scholarly journals Mulching with Leaf Litter from Municipal Green Waste Favours Predatory Mononchid Nematodes

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2522
Author(s):  
Renáta Petrikovszki ◽  
Mihály Zalai ◽  
Franciska Tóthné Tóthné Bogdányi ◽  
Ferenc Tóth ◽  
Péter István Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
First Year ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Although the incorporation of organic amendments into the soil is widely researched, less attention has been given to the impact of in-situ composting of municipal green wastes (MGW), especially leaf litter, on free-living nematodes. In a four year experiment (2016–2019) of tomato cropping cycles, we tested the hypothesis that leaf litter mulch has a positive effect on mononchid predatory nematodes and influences their species composition. Two treatments were applied every year: plots were either mulched with leaf litter or left unmulched. Soil samples were collected every autumn at the end of the growing season. Active, free-living nematodes were extracted by Baermann funnel from soil samples, the density of mononchid predatory nematodes was determined, and the individuals were identified to genus or species. In the first year (2016), mulching did not affect the density of mononchids. From the second year (2017) on, their number significantly increased in mulched plots, compared to in unmulched ones. During the study period the presence of four mononchid genera: Clarkus, Mylonchulus, Prionchulus, and Iotonchus, were detected. Our hypothesis was confirmed, as the number of mononchids increased in the presence of MGW leaf litter mulch layer.

scholarly journals A NEW SAMPLING TECHNIQUE FOR MANAGEMENT OF SPIDER MITES IN FIELD ROSES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 630f-630
Author(s):  
John F. Karlik ◽  
Peter B. Goodell ◽  
Gary Osteen
Keyword(s):  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Spider Mites ◽  
First Year ◽  
Kern County ◽  
Background Data ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Arthropod Pest ◽  
Made In

Spider mites are the most commonly treated arthropod pest of roses grown for sale as plants in Kern County, California. One obstacle to possible reduction of acaricide use has been lack of a quantitative method for field evaluation of mite populations. A presence/absence (P/A) technique for mite sampling was evaluated in 1987-1991. Background data was collected in six fields of first-year and second-year rose plants in 1987 and 1989. A strong correlation existed between numbers of infested leaflets and leaves. P/A counts were similar among strata within first-year and second-year fields. A strong correlation existed between numbers of infested leaflets and leaves. In 1990 and 1991 P/A data was compared to mite counts obtained by brushing in replicated plots using leaves as sampling units. Acaricide applications have been made in the field on the basis of P/A count. Further work is underway to estimate the effects of treatment at several threshold levels of mite infestation as evaluated by P/A.

Stream Studies on Planted Atlantic Salmon

1954 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. McCrimmon
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
First Year ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Average Survival ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Made In

Plantings of Atlantic salmon fry were made in the Duffin Creek system in order to determine the survival and distribution of salmon under a variety of stream conditions. Population studies estimated that the three general June plantings resulted in an average survival of 12.7 per cent until the autumn of the first year, 9.2 per cent until the autumn of the second year. High summer temperatures were lethal to the salmon in certain parts of the creek system. Over the balance of the planted part, the greatest mortality occurred soon after plantings when heavy predation by other species of fish occurred. The extent of predation was determined largely by the amount of shelter available to the fry. Suitable shelter for the young salmon was limited generally to gravelly riffle areas where the degree of bottom sedimentation determined the amount of shelter offered. Other stream conditions were of minor or no importance in salmon survival. Further losses of salmon were low once the young salmon had become established in the creek system.

scholarly journals Incentives and Services for College Achievement: Evidence from a Randomized Trial

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Angrist ◽  
Daniel Lang ◽  
Philip Oreopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Support Services ◽  
Study Skills ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Service Use ◽  
College Freshmen ◽  
Academic Support ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Academic Standing ◽  
Second Year

This paper reports on an experimental evaluation of strategies designed to improve academic performance among college freshmen. One treatment group was offered academic support services. Another was offered financial incentives for good grades. A third group combined both interventions. Service use was highest for women and for subjects in the combined group. The combined treatment also raised the grades and improved the academic standing of women. These differentials persisted through the end of second year, though incentives were given in the first year only. This suggests study skills among some treated women increased. In contrast, the program had no effect on men. (JEL I21, I28)

Results of Four Years of Intermittent Human Growth Hormone (hGH) and Fluoxymesterone Therapy in Hypopituitary Dwarfism

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 562-566
Author(s):  
Rebecca T. Kirkland ◽  
R. B. Harrist ◽  
George W. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Velocity ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
First Year ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Group A ◽  
Second Year

In order to investigate the synergistic effect on growth of human growth hormone (hGH) and an anabolic agent, fluoxymesterone, 28 children with hypopituitarism received the combined therapy in an intermittent regimen for one to four years. Fourteen of the children had received prior therapy with growth hormone alone. All of the children were prepubertal. They had a mean chronologic age (CA) of 9.53 years ± 2.33 SD and mean bone age (BA) of 6.05 years ± 2.07 SD. The change in BA/change in height age (HA) ≤1 in 15 of the 28 children (53.6%). The change in HA/change in CA was ≥1 in 17 of 28 (60.7%). The 14 children who had received hGH therapy alone, group A, had a growth velocity of 4.72 cm/yr ± 1.24 SD in the year prior to the combined treatment. This did not differ significantly from the average growth velocity of 5.58 cm ± 1.47 SD during the first year of combined therapy. The average growth velocity of the remaining 14 children, group B, during the first year of combined therapy was 6.72 cm/yr ± 1.01 SD. This differed significantly from the growth velocity of group A before combined therapy (P < .001) and also during the first year of combined therapy (P < .025). The overall mean growth rate in the second year, 5.33 cm, was less than that of the first year, P < .025, and was not different from that achieved with hGH alone. Furthermore, the velocity in each of the following years was similar to that of the second year. The use of intermittent combined therapy in the doses employed in this study does not appear to be of benefit in prolonging catch-up growth in hypopituitary patients. This regimen provides acceleration of growth in the initial year of therapy for those children who have not received prior hGH therapy.

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