scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL BY STRENGTHENING OF DIGITAL COMPETENCES AMONG GROUPS EXPOSED TO SOCIAL EXCLUSION

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Pięta
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Professional Market ◽  
Digital Exclusion

Competitive advantage in the professional market is shaped by the competences possessed, i.e. skills, qualifications, and permissions. One of the eight types of key competences mentioned in the European Union documents is digital competence.It is a collection of knowledge, skills, and rudiments necessary for both, the purposeful point of view and active participation of a given person in social life. The low level of digital competences possessed is particularly visible among groups at risk of digital exclusion, in particular among people living in rural areas, the elderly and people with low education. The difference between people who have access to a computer and the Internet and people who do not have the possibility to use these devices is affected by the dynamic development of information and communication technologies. Digital exclusion is not only the lack of access to the appropriate infrastructure but also the lack of computer and Internet skills. In order to counteract the exclusion of these groups, activities aimed at developing social capital by strengthening digital competences play an important role.

scholarly journals ROLE OF THE INTERNET IN STRENGTHENING SOCIAL CAPITAL IN EU RURAL AREAS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena KOZERA-KOWALSKA ◽  
Adam KOZIOLEK
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The One ◽  
Access To Knowledge

The article discusses the role of the Internet as an innovative form of interpersonal communication. We assumed that Internet usage in rural areas may not only result in better access to knowledge and information, but also contribute to stronger social cohesion and prevent exclusion of the elderly. We analysed information about individual Internet users in Poland and the EU, including changes related to age, education and domicile. The data enabled us to identify expected change tendencies in rural areas. We highlighted the process of ageing of European farmers with its related social and economic consequences. Against this background, we show the dual role played by the Internet in strengthening social capital in rural areas. On the one hand, it is educational in that it educates and activates young farmers. On the other, it is social, i.e. it helps the elderly stay in touch and participate in social life. We also raised the problem of potential digital exclusion of the elderly.

scholarly journals Survey on energetic short rotation forestry systems – Possibilities of spatial development and job creation

2010 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
József Antal ◽  
Gábor Grasseli
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Support Policy ◽  
Education Profession ◽  
Structural Point

Both the European and the Hungarian rural areas suffer multi dimensional problems. Beside infrastructural under development the most important difficulty is employment. Unemployment is significant in the rural areas, while other structural characteristics like education, profession, work circumstances and seasonality worsen this unfavourable situation. It can be stated that the challenge with the highest priority in rural and spatialdevelopment is to create jobs and to strengthen local employment. The authors examine the job generating possibilities of energetic biomass of agricultural origin in a structural point of view. The aim is to develop spatial biomass product line models that permanently support the raise of employment by utilizing the possibilities of the European Union support policy and the popularity of this branch.

ICTs, Public Access to Documents, and Transparency in the European Union

2014 ◽  
pp. 192-200
Author(s):  
Marios Papandreou
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Access ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Access To Documents

This chapter examines the relationship between Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and transparency in the public sphere. The link between the two is rather easy to conceive: ICTs facilitate flow and management of information, which is crucial to achieve openness and accountability and advance public debate. In this chapter, the issue is examined in the context of the European Union (EU), from the point of view of public access to documents and the role of the European Ombudsman (EO). The author presents the applicable legislative framework and discusses the role of the EO in facilitating and promoting public access to documents, with emphasis on the EO's mandate, the procedure followed, and its possible outcomes. The last part of the chapter examines the decision of the EO on a recent case concerning public access to documents of interest to a wide public, whereby it is illustrated that ICTs, by facilitating access to documents and information, advance openness, transparency, good governance, and accountability.

scholarly journals Smart Villages: Where Can They Happen?

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Komorowski ◽  
Monika Stanny
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Use Of The Internet

The European Union is actively promoting the idea of “smart villages”. The increased uptake of new technology and in particular, the use of the internet, is seen as a vital part of strategies to combat rural decline. It is evident that those areas most poorly connected to the internet are those confronted by the greatest decline. The analysis in this paper is based on Poland, which at the time of EU accession had many deeply disadvantaged rural areas. Using fine-grained socio-economic data, an association can be found between weak internet access and rural decline in Poland. The preliminary conclusions about the utility of the smart village concept as a revitalisation tool for rural Poland point to theoretical and methodological dilemmas. Barriers to the concept’s implementation are also observed, although there is a chance they may be overcome with the continued spread of information and communication technologies in rural areas.

Prescription Drug Use among Ambulatory Elderly in a Swedish Municipality

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1120-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tove M. Jörgensen ◽  
Dag G.L. Isacson ◽  
Mats Thorslund
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Total Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Prescription Drug Use ◽  
Analgesic Agents ◽  
The Difference

OBJECTIVE: To analyze prescription drug use among the elderly in a Swedish municipality. METHODS: The municipality of Tierp, located in mideastern Sweden, is a well-defined geographic area that includes both rural areas and a few small, industrial towns. All people aged 65 years and older (n=4769) as of 1986 in a total population of 21000 inhabitants were included in the study. Their drug use was studied by registering all prescriptions filled by the pharmacies in the area. RESULTS: Most of the elderly (>70 percent) obtained at least one prescription during the year studied. Drug use was more common among women than men. However, the difference between men and women was much smaller among those aged 85 years or more. The drugs most commonly prescribed were cardiovascular, psychotropic, and analgesic agents. Furthermore, the study showed that simultaneous use of several drugs was quite common. One-fourth of all people aged 65 years and older used drugs from at least four different pharmacologic groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed widespread use of prescription drugs among the elderly. An important finding was extensive drug use among men aged 85 years or more. This age group is increasing and there is need for further studies of its medication use.

scholarly journals E-Government clusters in the EU based on the Gaussian Mixture Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (35) ◽  
pp. 6-20
Author(s):  
Armenia ANDRONICEANU ◽  
Jani KINNUNEN ◽  
Irina GEORGESCU
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Gaussian Mixture Models ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Eu

The use of advanced ICT technologies and the support of new ways of thinking, acting and working in public administration, together with the increased provision of information and interactive services accessible through various channels, is the foundation of eGovernment. In recent years, there has been visible progress in all EU countries in terms of the general framework for e-government strategy, which is based on best practices and methodologies. The aim of our research is to discover the way in which the EU states are situated from the point of view of the digitalization of the administration. For this I used Gaussian models. The main research parameters were: accessibility; transparency, investments in information and communication technologies and investments in infrastructure related to public administrations in EU countries. The results show significant differences between state administrations. We applied Gaussian Mixture Model clustering in order to make an analysis of the national E-government situation in the European Union for 2018. The GMM algorithm estimated six clusters. We find that the first cluster, with Nordic countries, Netherlands and Austria, has the highest values of telecommunication infrastructure, citizens’ access to e-government services and Transparency International’s Corruption Perception Index. At the opposite pole, in cluster 2, Romania and Bulgaria have the lowest values of these three indicators, while their public investment levels are not significantly under EU averages. Our research provides not only an overview of the digitization of administrations, but also what are the main lags that state administrations have to recover in order to reach a digital system integrated into the EU's administrative space.

scholarly journals Women’s public societies in сontemporary Khakassia

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Zoya Anayban
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Women's Associations ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Significant Phenomenon ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
Almost All

This article is devoted to studying the сontemporary women’s unions history of formation as well as functioning in a single region of the Russian Federation — the Republic of Khakassia. At the same time, special attention is devoted to those whose activities in the sociopolitical and cultural life of the Republic, from our point of view, are currently most noticeable. The analysis of women’s public organizations activities in this region has shown that the women’s movement in Post-Soviet Khakassia over the past quarter of a century, despite all the difficulties of formation and development, can be characterized as a significant phenomenon in the life of the Republic. Today the vast majority of them, like before, have obvious social and humanitarian orientation. Despite the fact that almost all women’s societies currently operating in the territory of this region have their own political slogans, their main activity is still limited to helping the needy and socially vulnerable. However, the lack of efficiency and effectiveness of women’s associations is largely due to their lack of integrity and lack of unanimity of actions. In addition, the level of involvement of the Republic’s residents in women’s movements and their socio-professional composition leaves much to be desired. According to our research, the vast majority of women, mainly residents of rural areas, unfortunately, do not take any part in the social life of the region. The empirical base of the study is built upon official statistics obtained from the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of National and Territorial Policy of the Republic of Khakassia, as well as materials stored in the archives of local women’s organizations. Besides, the results of our interviews with the leaders and most active participants of these associations have been particularly valuable.

scholarly journals Modal Sosial dan Integrasi Sosial: Asimilasi dan Akulturasi Budaya Masyarakat Multikultural di Polewali Mandar, Sulawesi Barat

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-122
Author(s):  
Abd. Halim K. ◽  
Mahyuddin Mahyuddin
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Social Community ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference

This research aims to explain the role of the social capital of local community in integration process of inter-sociocultural. Discourse of multicultural society is important to be known because the difference of social community has a big potential to be a social disintegration. Nevertheless, the social life, which has different of culture, was not always occurred the disunion. Local wisdoms of community as social capital could facilitate an adhesive social so that they lived in social harmony. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative describing inter-ethnic social integration by taking place Wonomulyo, Polewali Mandar, West Sulawesi, one of provinces in Indonesia. The data collection techniques were observation, depth interview, and documentation. Withdrawal informants were done by purposive sampling. The theory used in this study was social capital by Robert Putnam and Pierre Bourdieu. This theory explained social capital by studying social habitus of local community. The results showed that social capital of local community had a role on processing integration of community that differ ethnic and culture. As a result, the ethnic groups integrated well was characterized by social relationships among ethnic groups remain in a stable state and bound in the integration of groups. Then, the equilibrium of groups created assimilation and acculturation of culture in the society. The ethnic groups cooperated each other in economy and social activity and there was no social conflict among them.

Adoption and Use of ICTs among Rural Youth

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Alexopoulos ◽  
Alex Koutsouris ◽  
Irene Tzouramani
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Potential Benefits

In the last few decades, within the rhetoric of the “information age”, there is a growing enthusiasm for the (potential) benefits of the dissemination of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). This is further enhanced through eGovernment projects undertaken on a worldwide scale. However, a number of issues seem to defy such optimism as far as rural areas are concerned. The critical review of such issues question the thesis that ICTs undoubtedly benefit (human) development. In particular, this paper, drawing on data from a large-scale survey in Greece, identifies the marginal effects of a series of demographic, socioeconomic and spatial characteristics, and information sources on PC and Internet use on the part of young rural inhabitants, especially farmers. The results, pointing toward an emerging intra-rural digital divide, are consequently discussed vis-à-vis eGovernment projects, from the point of view of human development.

THREAT OF SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN RURAL AREAS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (3) ◽  
pp. 244-249
Author(s):  
Anna Rosa ◽  
Agnieszka Jakubowska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Synthetic Index ◽  
European Union Countries

Social exclusion concerns all social and economic groups; however, it concerns chiefly the residents of rural areas rather than the residents of towns. The aim of this paper is to present the problem of social exclusion in rural areas in the European Union Countries. The authors in the study used the data available from Eurostat for EU Member States (NUTS-1). For the purpose of this research, a synthetic index was also prepared. The characteristics of social exclusion were based on objective factors, such as the scale of poverty, the level of unemployment and education. Analysis showed that the problem of social exclusion couldn’t be considered from the point of view of the countries of the “old” and the “new” Union. The analysis indicates that countries in Central and Eastern Europe, with a relatively well-educated population, are much more at risk of poverty than those living in Western Europe.

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