scholarly journals CHANGES IN THE INCOMES AND EXPENDITURES OF HOUSEHOLDS IN POLAND AND THEIR REGIONAL RELATIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-53
Author(s):  
Beata Kasprzyk ◽  
Małgorzata Leszczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Explanatory Variable ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Trend Functions ◽  
Econometric Approach ◽  
Point Of Reference

The article assesses the financial situation of households in 2000-2019 in prospect of changes of incomes and expenditures in Poland. It has been assumed, as a point of reference, that dispersionof the analysed processes is dependent on geographical area– therefore regional scale was applied. To the analysis and comparison the data from the researches on households budgetsperformed by GUS were used. Adopting simultaneously an econometric approach (considering the time (years 2000-2019) as independent, explanatory variable) analytical trend functions wereestimated. A retrospective analysis of the incomes and expenditures of the population of Poland indicates the growing trends. Regional comparative analysis of households allows to drawconclusions that level of economic condition is very diversified.

Agrarian receipts as a tool for the structural transformation of financial and credit relations in the agrarian business of the region

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-53
Author(s):  
Yuliia Nehoda
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
Business Entities

The subject of the research – is a set of organizational-economic relations arising in the process of structural transformation of financial and credit relations in the agricultural business. The purpose of the article is a retrospective analysis of structural transformations of financial and credit relations in the agricultural business, evaluation of the effectiveness and feasibility of the introduction of agricultural receipts as a new instrument of lending to the agricultural business of the regions. Methodology of work – system-structural and comparative analyzes (to determine the effectiveness of the crediting mechanism according to the agricultural receipts of the farmers of the region); monographic (when studying the problems of the functioning of the mechanism of lending to agrarians by agrarian receipts) economic analysis (when carrying out a comparative analysis of the mechanism of classical bank lending to the agrarian business and the mechanism of lending to agrarians according to agrarian receipts); modeling and forecasting (when determining ways to overcome the existing deficiencies in the mechanism of lending to agrarian business entities of the region according to agrarian receipts). The results of the work – a retrospective analysis of the structural transformation of financial and credit relations in the agricultural business was carried out. The mechanism of crediting agrarians according to agrarian receipts and the scale of its distribution in the agrarian business of the region are considered. A comparative analysis of the mechanism of classical bank lending to the agrarian business and the mechanism of lending to agrarians according to agrarian receipts was carried out. In the framework of the pilot project “Agrarian receipts in Ukraine” of the international financial corporation (IFC) in partnership with the Swiss Confederation in Ukraine, the example of the Poltava region defined the effectiveness of the crediting mechanism according to the agrarian receipts of the agrarians of the region. The advantages and disadvantages of the mechanism of crediting the subjects of the agrarian business on agrarian receipts are noted. The ways to overcome the existing shortcomings of the mechanism of crediting the subjects of the agrarian business of the region according to agricultural receipts are determined. Conclusions – according to the results of the conducted research, the effectiveness of the mechanism of lending to the agricultural business of the regions according to agricultural receipts was proved, its advantages and disadvantages were noted, and attention was also focused. Proposed in Art. 7 of Law No. 5479-VI clearly delineate cases and restrictions on the debtor’s reimbursement of expenses incurred by the lender with the acquisition of the right to grow and harvest the pledged crop of agricultural products, which will ensure the principle of equality of parties on economic benefits and distribution of credit risks according to agricultural receipts.

scholarly journals Political topology of Europe

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-93
Author(s):  
Remigiusz Rosicki
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Topological Dimension ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Specific Geographical Area ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Selection Of

The objective scope of the analysis performed in the text encompasses selected aspects of policy in its topological dimension. The space of policy is understood as both a theoretical construct (a policy field) and relations between the characteristics of political actors and their special kind of geographical co-existence. The following have been recognised as essential characteristics of policymaking: (1) electoral process and pluralism, (2) functioning of government, (3) political participation, (4) political culture and (5) civil liberties. These features can become an object of analysis in the assessment of democratic and authoritarian tendencies in selected countries. The text uses two statistical methods of multidimensional comparative analysis (Ward’s method and k-means method), apart from which use has been made of basic descriptive statistics and a comparative analysis of the values of the parameters of political characteristics. A selection of 40 European countries (EU-28 and 12 other countries) have been subjected to a statistical analysis according to the 2018 data. The main goal of the analysis is to connect facts and characteristics attributed to policy with a specific geographical area. In order to elaborate the objective scope of the research problem, the following research questions have been presented in the text: (1) Which of the characteristics of policy will determine the division of state entities according to a special type of clusters?, (2) Will political characteristics determine the division of particular state entities according to a special type of geographical division? The addressed research questions have been related to the hypotheses subjected to verification in the text.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to analyze the determinants attributes in housing prices

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (58) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Núñez Tabale ◽  
Francisco J. Rey Carmona ◽  
José Mª Caridad y Ocerin
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Explanatory Variable ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Marginal Prices ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Econometric Approach ◽  
Hedonic Approach

The econometric approach to obtain the value of a property began with hedonic modelling, which were based on a set of property attributes, internal or external, associated to each particular dwelling. The final sale value can be estimated, and also the marginal prices of each exogenous explanatory variable. A good alternative to the hedonic approach is based on several Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, such as artificial neural networks (ANN), these tend to be more precise. Both methodologies are compared, and a case study is developed using data from Seville, the larger town in the South of Spain.

Retrospective Analysis of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin and Unfractionated Heparin in Pediatric Trauma Patients: A Comparative Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hunter Culbert ◽  
Mohammad Hamidi ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan ◽  
Kamil Hanna ◽  
Andrew Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Unfractionated Heparin ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Pediatric Trauma ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Trauma Patients

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN AGRICULTURE FROM AREAS WITH DIFFERENCES IN CONDITIONS OF RESOURCES IN THE LIGHT OF DATA OF AGRICULTURAL CENSUS (NATIONAL AND REGIONAL SCALE)

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (4) ◽  
pp. 180-186
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Smędzik-Ambroży
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sustainability ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Agricultural Census

The aim of the article was to assess the level of sustainability of agriculture from areas with differences in conditions of resources in the scales: national (regions in Poland) and regional (Wielkopolska counties). For this purpose was made a comparative analysis of the indicators of agricultural sustainability in economic, environmental and social dimensions with using the data from the 2002 and 2010 agricultural censuses. It was found that in the case of environmental and social dimensions of sustainable development in agriculture were different directions of change in agriculture in Poland and in the Wielkopolska region.

Comparative Analysis of Pension Systems in Russia and Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
В. Лановая ◽  
V. Lanovaya
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Statistical Indicators ◽  
Design Experience

The problems arising from the transformation of the pension system are the most relevant in recent years. This article presents a retrospective analysis of pension systems in Russia and Italy. The statistical portrait of the number of pensioners, the dynamics of life expectancy and the number of years in retirement, the coefficient of pension load, the average pension in these countries were studied. Particular attention is paid to the advantages and disadvantages of the functioning of pension systems, the main directions of reform in recent years. The analyzed data allows to substantiate the relationship between statistical indicators explaining the prerequisites of the latest changes in the functioning of pension systems and the directions of their current improvement. The reasoned position regarding the design experience of the organization of the Italian pension system in relation to Russia will avoid a number of problems that can adversely affect not only each individual, but also the development of the whole country.

Oecuménisme méthodologique et dialogue entre paradigmes

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (S1) ◽  
pp. 37-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Haldemann ◽  
Ron Lévy
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Internal Reference ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Quality Research ◽  
External Point ◽  
Point Of Reference ◽  
The Way

ABSTRACTWhile multi-method research is currently provoking much interest, there is little reflection on the legitimacy of this kind of research and on the conditions for achieving high quality research. This article first describes the scientific and socio-political contexts from which this movement towards multi-method research has emerged. It then goes on to discuss why comparative analysis is central to the triangulation of methods and why the notion of triangulation itself requires an external point of reference. It is suggested that the reason why we produce only half-hearted or even illigitimate comparisons is because the reference points are hidden. For multi-method research to be of high quality it must clearly externalize valid inferences at each moment in the spiral of knowledge, identify its analytical logic and establish its internal reference points. (This article is the result of joint research and the respective positions of the authors are reflected in the way in which the article is presented.)

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