Comparative Analysis of Pension Systems in Russia and Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
В. Лановая ◽  
V. Lanovaya
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Statistical Indicators ◽  
Design Experience

The problems arising from the transformation of the pension system are the most relevant in recent years. This article presents a retrospective analysis of pension systems in Russia and Italy. The statistical portrait of the number of pensioners, the dynamics of life expectancy and the number of years in retirement, the coefficient of pension load, the average pension in these countries were studied. Particular attention is paid to the advantages and disadvantages of the functioning of pension systems, the main directions of reform in recent years. The analyzed data allows to substantiate the relationship between statistical indicators explaining the prerequisites of the latest changes in the functioning of pension systems and the directions of their current improvement. The reasoned position regarding the design experience of the organization of the Italian pension system in relation to Russia will avoid a number of problems that can adversely affect not only each individual, but also the development of the whole country.

Agrarian receipts as a tool for the structural transformation of financial and credit relations in the agrarian business of the region

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-53
Author(s):  
Yuliia Nehoda
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
Business Entities

The subject of the research – is a set of organizational-economic relations arising in the process of structural transformation of financial and credit relations in the agricultural business. The purpose of the article is a retrospective analysis of structural transformations of financial and credit relations in the agricultural business, evaluation of the effectiveness and feasibility of the introduction of agricultural receipts as a new instrument of lending to the agricultural business of the regions. Methodology of work – system-structural and comparative analyzes (to determine the effectiveness of the crediting mechanism according to the agricultural receipts of the farmers of the region); monographic (when studying the problems of the functioning of the mechanism of lending to agrarians by agrarian receipts) economic analysis (when carrying out a comparative analysis of the mechanism of classical bank lending to the agrarian business and the mechanism of lending to agrarians according to agrarian receipts); modeling and forecasting (when determining ways to overcome the existing deficiencies in the mechanism of lending to agrarian business entities of the region according to agrarian receipts). The results of the work – a retrospective analysis of the structural transformation of financial and credit relations in the agricultural business was carried out. The mechanism of crediting agrarians according to agrarian receipts and the scale of its distribution in the agrarian business of the region are considered. A comparative analysis of the mechanism of classical bank lending to the agrarian business and the mechanism of lending to agrarians according to agrarian receipts was carried out. In the framework of the pilot project “Agrarian receipts in Ukraine” of the international financial corporation (IFC) in partnership with the Swiss Confederation in Ukraine, the example of the Poltava region defined the effectiveness of the crediting mechanism according to the agrarian receipts of the agrarians of the region. The advantages and disadvantages of the mechanism of crediting the subjects of the agrarian business on agrarian receipts are noted. The ways to overcome the existing shortcomings of the mechanism of crediting the subjects of the agrarian business of the region according to agricultural receipts are determined. Conclusions – according to the results of the conducted research, the effectiveness of the mechanism of lending to the agricultural business of the regions according to agricultural receipts was proved, its advantages and disadvantages were noted, and attention was also focused. Proposed in Art. 7 of Law No. 5479-VI clearly delineate cases and restrictions on the debtor’s reimbursement of expenses incurred by the lender with the acquisition of the right to grow and harvest the pledged crop of agricultural products, which will ensure the principle of equality of parties on economic benefits and distribution of credit risks according to agricultural receipts.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INCOME AND HEALTH. COMPARATIVE STUDY ROMANIA VS. UKRAINE

2016 ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Ramona Marinela Simut ◽  
Diana Claudia Perticas
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health System ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
The People ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training

he hereby work plans on analysing to what extent the life expectancy is subject to the influence by different markers, like: GDP, the percentage of GDP allocated for the health system, as well as the income level in Romania and Ukraine. We consider that a comparative analysis between the two countries is representative since, as it results from the data and the diagrams presented within the work, both the GDP evolution and the percentage allocated from GDP for the health system reveal a different evolution, ranging in both countries, unlike the life expectancy going through an ascending trend, slow for both cases. Partially considering the specialized literature in use, our attention was drawn towards the evolution of the income obtained by the people. More precisely, commencing from Keynes’ Basic Psychological Law stipulating that along with the income growth the expenditure on health, education and training the human resource will increase, we have chosen to econometrically test these theories for Romania and Ukraine. Therefore, we would like to research, using a simple linear regression model, whether the income growth, which represents the independent variable, obtained by the people, has a significant contribution in life expectancy (the dependent variable) increase in Romania, as well as in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Collectivist Logic in Comparative Genocide Studies and in the Battles for Memory

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-60
Author(s):  
Lech M. Nijakowski
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Animal Rights ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
Collective Guilt ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Genocide Studies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The Relationship

The article aims to present the mechanisms of collectivist logic as it functions in three areas: (1) in the historical comparative analysis of genocides – the basic method of genocidestudies; (2) in the activities of the organizations of victims and survivors, as well as in actions undertaken by animal rights activists; (3) in nationalist discourses and in the politics of memory. Collectivist logic is a set of operations that address human communities – groups of individuals linked together by significant social bonds and interests, and perceived as culturally distinctive – as the subject of history. As a result of the application of such logic, we may think about collective guilt and collective merit. The article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of historical comparative analysis as an essential methodological tool of genocide studies. The argument further focuses upon the use of the symbolic capital attributed to the term “genocide” in studies involving analyses comparing other crimes – as well as the industrial exploitation of animals – to genocides. Finally, the author describes the relationship between the state policy of memory, nationalist discourses, and the academic integrity of genocide scholars.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE USED METHODS OF FOREST RESTORATION OF GREEN ZONES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
K. Stroganova ◽  
I. Shanin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines the advantages and disadvantages of methods for restoring forest areas lost due to forest fires, illegal logging. The most relevant methods of reforestation measures for the reproduction of green zones in Russia have been identified, taking into account the reasons for the negative impact and the relationship of tree and shrub plantations with the nature of recreation. A comparative analysis of the methods of reforestation used in the formation and reconstruction of forestry areas is presented. The study determined that the most effective method for restoring forest areas is artificial reforestation. Today, most of the forest area is restored using traditional methods, including natural methods. It should be noted that regular forest fires have a detrimental effect on forestry and the country's ecology as a whole; here it is necessary to use the most effective methods aimed at accelerating the renewal of forest resources. The use of the artificial method of reforestation allows the use of seedlings both with an open root system and with a closed one, which are more resistant to various pests and diseases.

The Perspectives of Pension System Modernization in the Republic of Moldova

Economica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Biloocaia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Pension System ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Economic Balance ◽  
Global Aging

The global aging process is changing the demographic structure of the world’s population and the socio-economic balance between generations. This process urgently raises the question of the forms of social support for the elderly population, thereby making new requirements on pension systems. The study of the international experience and practice of the Republic of Moldova, carried out in this article, has revealed that countries with pension systems that combine voluntary and mandatory, public and private schemes are most effective in solving this problem. At the same time, investigation demonstrates that pension system modernization requires strong analysis of its possible advantages and disadvantages, taking into consideration the whole set of peculiarities of the Republic of Moldova.

scholarly journals Pension System as a Limitation Factor on the Development of the Economy of the Republic of Srpska

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 41-55
Author(s):  
Zoran Mastilo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Society Today

Aim of this paper is to, by means of comparative analysis, demonstrate that contemporary pension systems are limitation factors of development of the Republic of Srpska, and that they should be reformed and improved. Ultimately, pension systems should be the basis for development of the Republic of Srpska. They should significantly improve strengthening of financial markets, enhancement of capital markets, higher growth rates of the Republic of Srpska, idecrease of unemployment. Private pension funds are to change the habits and ideas of every future insurance holder, aiming to make the pension rights a matter of concern of every individual, instead being the obligation and ballast of the society. Today, stabile financing of pension systems and their funds is becoming increasingly questionable. A gap is emerging between the area of rights gained by law and financial possibilities for their implementation. Pay-as-you-go (PAYG) systems, i.e. systems of inter-generation solidarityare particularly endangered. Adequate systematization of gathered data, i.e. evidence, should provide conclusions that pension systems are a limitation todevelopment of national economy. This claim is present in underdeveloped and developing countries, with developed economies also facing grave problems.

scholarly journals Thinking in Vertical: A Practical Application of the Two-Stage Pension System in Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9928
Author(s):  
Pierre Devolder ◽  
Inmaculada Domínguez-Fabián
Keyword(s):  
Pension System ◽  
Current System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
The Public ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The One ◽  
Sustainability Problems ◽  
The Relationship

Public pay-as-you-go pension systems are affected by sustainability problems due to the increasing longevity of the population. These problems come to light when there is unsustainable growth in pension expenditure in relation to GDP. The usual arrangement is for public systems to be complemented by private systems that provide a lifetime annuity paid alongside the public pension. This approach, which is horizontal in its way of thinking, is the one that all countries apply; in it, we can expect to find lifetime annuities, which are expensive because they have to take increasing longevity into account, as well as sustainability problems in the public accounts. Therefore, in this paper, we put forward a system that maintains the complementarity between private and public, but considers it from a vertical point of view. By this, we mean that over a certain period of time, the private system would provide the pension in the form of a temporary income, without the need to consider such a high longevity risk, and then in the following period, the public system would take over. We apply the model to Spain, one of the countries whose pension systems are most affected by problems of sustainability, and observe a decrease in the relationship between pension expenditure and GDP using this two-stage model as opposed to the current system, for the period 2025–2068. This decrease can be achieved without decrease of benefits, change in the retirement age or increase of the contribution level.

The problem of trust and modern Russian pension system

2021 ◽  
pp. 232-248
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Moseiko
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Retirement Planning ◽  
External Effects ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Social Contracts ◽  
Club Good ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Basic Prerequisite

The paper attempts to identify the relationship between trust viewed through private good, club good, private external effects and public good, and pension systems, presented in the form of vertical and horizontal social contracts. Guided by the typology of benefits in the analysis of trust, the author argues: trust in a horizontal pension contract develops in a network of transactions regarding the production of a pension good and is a combination of its various types. In a vertical contract, the possibilities of individuals' retirement planning and the position of private structures in the pension market are limited, that reduces the role of trust as a private and club good and strengthens the importance of trust in the form of a public good. The author shows that in a horizontal pension contract, trust is a basic prerequisite for all pension interactions. The effectiveness of a horizontal pension contract depends on the level of trust: low trust increases transaction costs and makes pension planning unviable. The author concludes that in conditions of low confidence, satisfaction of pension needs is easier to organize through a vertical type contract in which pension needs are satisfied centrally. At the same time, low trust of Russians to pension institutions is the result of a vertical pension contract.

scholarly journals ASSESSING THE ADEQUACY OF PENSION SYSTEMS IN GEORGIA AND EUROPE

2020 ◽  
pp. 198-203
Author(s):  
MAKA GHANIASHVILI
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Pension System ◽  
System Reform ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Open Method Of Coordination ◽  
Synthetic Indicators ◽  
The World

For several decades, pension systems across the world have been undergoing reforms. The main reasons for this are demographic changes and increasing life expectancy. As life expectancy increases and the birth rate decreases, more people retire than are added to the workforce. To make these reforms more effective and ensure that they are based on the best benchmarks, the European Union (EU) has introduced the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) in the field of pensions. Pension system reform is on its way in Georgia since 2019, January. OMC evaluates pensions systems in terms of the three main objectives: adequacy, sustainability, and modernization of pensions. Our methodology is based on multivariate statistical analysis, and employs synthetic indicators for adequacy objectives, in case of Georgia and 27 EU countries, in the years 2010, 2015 and 2018. The article contributes to the existing literature on pension reforms through investigation of the convergence of EU27 and Georgia pension systems in terms of one of the OMC objectives, in order to evaluate the adequacy of the pension systems.

scholarly journals TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACCUMULATIVE PENSION PROVISIONS: INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC DIMENSION

2020 ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
Valentina Viktorivna Vyhovska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Pension Fund ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Positive Experience ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Urgent Task

Abstract.Identifying problems and rethinking approaches to the development of an effective pension system in Ukraine is an urgent task that requires a comprehensive analysis of the features of its functioning in Ukraine and the world.The functioning of the domestic pension system is accompanied by many problems, including imbalance in financial flows and a deficit of the Pension Fund of Ukraine, underdevelopment and lack of confidence in the accumulative pension provision on the part of the population. It is important to search for directions of modernization of the domestic pension system and its adaptation to modern conditions of economic development of the state.The formation and development of the domestic pension system are highlighted in the scientific works of such scientists as N. Balaniuk, N. Bakhmach, O. Bobyr, V. Voskoboinikov, O. Kyrylenko, H. Kozak, A. Svyrydovska, V. Prokopenko, N. Tkachenko and others.Research requires the peculiarities of the functioning of the domestic funded component of the pension system and positive experience in the development of such systems in foreign countries.It is necessary to cover the mechanisms of pension provision in Ukraine, to characterize the international experience of such provision in order to determine strategic guidelines for the further improvement of the domestic pension system.In this article, the author describes two main approaches to the formation of the structural structure of pension systems, which have become widespread in world practice, in particular: pay-as-you-go and funded. Their advantages and disadvantages are determined. A comprehensive assessment of the problems of modernization of the domestic pension system is provided. Proposals to activate accumulative pension provision in Ukraine are given.The need for the development and practical implementation of a set of measures aimed at enhancing the development of the funded component of the pension system is pointed out

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