scholarly journals The development of an ecofriendly binder containing high volume of cement replacement by incorporating two by-product materials for the use in soil stabilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-74
Author(s):  
Hassnen Jafer ◽  
Ibtehaj Jawad ◽  
Zaid Majeed ◽  
Ali Shubbar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Reference Specimens ◽  
Silty Clay Soil

The development of an ecofriendly binder containing high volume of cement replacement by incorporating two waste materials for the use in soil stabilization. This paper investigates the possibility of replacing ordinary Portland cement (OPC) by two waste and by-product materials for the use of a silty clay soil stabilization purpose. The soil was treated by 9.0% OPC where this mixture was used as a reference for all tests. Two by-product materials: ground granulated blast furnace slag and cement kiln dust were used as replacement materials. Consistency limits, compaction and unconfined compression strength (UCS) tests were conducted. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was carried out for the proposed binder to investigate the reaction of products over curing time. Seven curing periods were adopted for all mixtures; 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 52, and 90 days. The results showed that the strength development over curing periods after cement replacement up to 45–60% was closed to those of the reference specimens. The microphotographs of SEM analysis showed that the formation of Ettringite and Portladite as well as to calcium silicate hydrate gel was obvious at curing periods longer than 7 days reflected that the replacing materials succeed to produce the main products necessary for binder formation.

Effect of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag on Compressive Strength of POFA Blended Concrete

2015 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
M.N. Noor Azline ◽  
Farah Nora Aznieta Abd Aziz ◽  
Arafa Suleiman Juma
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Replacement Level ◽  
Concrete Compressive Strength ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Furnace Slag

The article reports a laboratory experimental programme that investigated effect of ground granulated blast furnace (GGBS) on compressive strength of POFA ternary concrete. Compressive strength tests were performed at a range of cements combinations, including 100%PC, two POFA levels for binary concrete, 35% and 45%, and 15%GGBS inclusion for POFA ternary concrete. The compressive strength results were examined in comparison to PC only and equivalent POFA binary concretes for up to 28 days. Results show that the reduction in compressive strength is greater with the higher cement replacement level for all concretes particularly for POFA binary concretes. However, 15%GGBS in POFA blended concrete has a comparable compressive strength compared to PC concrete at both, 35% and 45%, cement replacement levels except for ternary concrete at 0.65 w/c. In addition, the compressive strength of ternary concrete is slightly higher compared to binary concrete for all concrete combinations. Although there is no significant noticeable influence on strength development, the presence of GGBS did not adverse the strength development of POFA blended concrete. Thus, it can be concluded that GGBS compensates the adverse effect of POFA at early strength development.

scholarly journals Blended Cement Containing High Volume Ground Dune Sand and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag for Autoclave Concrete Industry

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Abdalla Alawad ◽  
Abdulrahman Alhoziamy ◽  
Mohd Saleh Jaafar ◽  
Farah Noor Abdul Aziz ◽  
Abdulaziz Al-Negheimish
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Blended Cement ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Dune Sand ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

This paper presents the results of using ground dune sand (GDS) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (slag) as high volume cement replacement materials. In this study, plain and four blended mixtures were fabricated and cured under normal and autoclave conditions. For the blended mixtures, 40% GDS by weight of the total binder materials and different percentages of slag (15%, 30% and 45%) were incorporated as partial cement replacement materials. The effect of curing conditions (normal and autoclave) on the compressive strength of prepared mixtures was studied. The results showed that, for the autoclave cured mixture, up to 85% of cement can be replaced by GDS and slag without significant drop in the compressive strength. Microstructure analyses using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) were carried out to examine the microscale changes of the hydrated mixtures. The SEM revealed the formation of thin plate-like calcium silicate hydrate and compacted microstructure of autoclave cured mixture. XRD showed the elimination of calcium hydroxide and existence of residual crystalline silica of all blended mixtures.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Na2CO3-Activated High-Volume GGBFS Cement Paste

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Taewan Kim ◽  
Yubin Jun
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Dry Shrinkage

The use of Na2CO3 to improve the mechanical properties of high-volume slag cement (HVSC) is experimentally investigated in this study. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was replaced with 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90% ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) by weight. Na2CO3 was added at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt.% of HVSC (OPC + GGBFS). The compressive strength, water absorption, ultrasonic pulse velocity, dry shrinkage, and X-ray diffraction spectra of the Na2CO3-activated HVSC pastes were analyzed. The results indicate that Na2CO3 was effective for improving the strength of HVSC samples at both early and later ages. There was a trend of increasing HVSC sample strength with increasing Na2CO3 content. The 5% Na2CO3-activated HVSC (50% OPC + 50% GGBFS) paste had the best combination of early to later-age strength development and exhibited the highest UPV and the lowest water absorption among the Na2CO3-activated HVSC samples at later age.

Impact of natural or industrial liming materials on soil properties and microbial activity

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Lalande ◽  
Bernard Gagnon ◽  
Isabelle Royer
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silty Clay Soil

Soil acidity is a major problem in agriculture because it limits plant growth and reduces crop productivity. The neutralizing potential of industrial by-products and their impact on soil properties were evaluated in two acidic soils characterized by contrasting textures, and submitted to intensive agriculture practices. Soil pH, microbial (dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase) activity, and Mehlich-3 extractable P, K, Ca and Mg were monitored in the year of soil incorporation of eight liming products and in the following 2 yr. In the sandy loam, liming products did not result in significant increases in soil pH in the 0- to 7.5-cm soil layer. Lime mud (LM) significantly increased soil pH by 0.4 units in the 7.5- to 20-cm layer compared with cement kiln dust (CKD). In the silty clay, calcium-phosphate-magnesium (CalPoMag) significantly raised pH by 0.65 units over both natural calcitic lime (NCa) and the magnesium dissolution product (MgD) in the first soil layer, and by 0.5 units over carbide lime (CL) treatment in the second soil layer. Activities of dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase were increased to various degrees by all liming materials, especially on the silty clay; LM and CalPoMag were the most beneficial materials. The exception was MgD, which did not result in any impact on microbial activity relative to the control. Both enzymatic activities were related to the increase in soil pH, particularly the alkaline phosphatase. Ion leaching was more pronounced in the sandy loam than in the silty clay soil, where large differences in the Ca and Mg ion levels were still detected in the 20- to 40-cm layer of the sandy loam. In this study, LM and CalPoMag are interesting liming products, particularly in the silty clay soil. Key words: Enzymatic activity, soil pH, lime, soil cations

scholarly journals Determination of Initial and Final Set of Ternary Mortars and Compressive Strength with Regard to Temperature Variation

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Alan Richardson ◽  
Susan Dawson ◽  
Giovanni Pesce
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Setting Times ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Ambient Room Temperature ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Time Required

The research examined herein classifies initial and final set times, for samples of ternary mortars composed of CEM 1 (52.5) and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS). The samples  tested comprised of different CEM 1 and GGBS proportions. The mixes used, ranged from 100% CEM1 where this component was replaced at 10% increments by mass terminating at a 20% CEM1 content.  With a reduction in cement content, the balance of the total required binder was being made up with GGBS. The ternary mortar cubes were tested for initial and final set times at average ambient room temperature (19.7 – 22.2 °C) and temperatures of 5 and 40 degrees Celsius. The findings highlighted the additional time required for initial and final set times at reduced temperatures and it also highlighted the further additional time for initial and final set times when GGBS is used as a cement replacement in progressively increasing quantities. Initial and final set times at 40 degrees Celsius were faster than ambient and 5 degrees Celsius, however the difference between initial and final set times was much reduced at 40 degrees Celsius. Both temperature and cement replacement affected the compressive strength at a curing period of 28 days, however GGBS is known to take longer than CEM1 to achieve a given strength development of say 90% of the final or ultimate strength. The two factors of temperature and cement replacement have a significant impact on setting times.

Effects of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) on the strength and swelling properties of lime-stabilized kaolinite in the presence of sulphates

Clay Minerals ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wild ◽  
J. M. Kinuthia ◽  
R. B. Robinson ◽  
I. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Chloride Penetration Resistance ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThe use of ground granulated blast furnace slag (ggbs) is well established in many cement applications where it provides enhanced durability, including high resistance to chloride penetration, resistance to sulphate attack and protection against alkali silica reaction (ASR). The use of ggbs in soil stabilization is, however, still a novel process in the UK although it has been used in South Africa. This paper reports on efforts to extend the use of ggbs to highway and other foundation layers by determining the beneficial effect which it has on the reduction of expansion due to the presence of sulphates. The paper describes the results of laboratory tests on lime-stabilized kaolinite containing different levels of added sulphate to which different amounts of ggbs have been added. The tests determine the strength development of compacted cylinders, moist cured in a humid environment at 30°C, and the linear expansion of these moist cured cylinders on soaking in water. The results illustrate that small additions of ggbs to sulphate containing clays which are stabilized with lime reduce substantially their expansion when exposed to water and have no significant deleterious effect on strength development.

Effect of ground granulated blast funrnace slag and fly ash on strength, permeability, and under-water abrasion of fine-grained concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 775-788
Author(s):  
Quyet Truong Van ◽  
Sang Nguyen Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Chloride Permeability ◽  
Cement Replacement ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Economic Ground

The utilisation of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) is widespread in the concrete industry because of the performance benefits and economic. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and fly ash (FA) have been used as the SCMs in concrete for reducing the weight of cement and improving durability properties. In this study, GGBFS at different cement replacement ratios of 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% by weight were used in fine-grained concrete. The ternary binders containing GGBFS and FA at cement replacement ratio of 60% by weight have also evaluated. Flexural and compressive strength test, rapid chloride permeability test and under-water abrasion test were performed. Experimental results show that the increase in concrete strength with GGBFS contents from 20% to 40% but at a higher period of maturity (56 days and more). The chloride permeability the under-water abrasion reduced with the increasing cement replacement by GGBFS or a combination of GGBFS and FA

scholarly journals Control of the setting reaction and strength development of slag-blended volcanic ash-based phosphate geopolymer with the addition of boric acid

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Noël Yankwa Djobo ◽  
Dietmar Stephan
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Setting Times ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Furnace Slag

AbstractThis work aimed to evaluate the role of the addition of blast furnace slag for the formation of reaction products and the strength development of volcanic ash-based phosphate geopolymer. Volcanic ash was replaced by 4 and 6 wt% of ground granulated blast furnace slag to accelerate the reaction kinetics. Then, the influence of boric acid for controlling the setting and kinetics reactions was also evaluated. The results demonstrated that the competition between the dissolution of boric acid and volcanic ash-slag particles is the main process controlling the setting and kinetics reaction. The addition of slag has significantly accelerated the initial and final setting times, whereas the addition of boric acid was beneficial for delaying the setting times. Consequently, it also enhanced the flowability of the paste. The compressive strength increased significantly with the addition of slag, and the optimum replaced rate was 4 wt% which resulted in 28 d strength of 27 MPa. Beyond that percentage, the strength was reduced because of the flash setting of the binder which does not allow a subsequent dissolution of the particles and their precipitation. The binders formed with the addition of slag and/or boric acid are beneficial for the improvement of the water stability of the volcanic ash-based phosphate geopolymer.

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