scholarly journals Diversity of root nodule bacteria from leguminous crops

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Agrawal ◽  
Shruti Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Acetic Acid Production

In the present study, a total of 353 nodule-associated bacteria were isolated from 220 legume plant samples belonging to Cicer arietinum (85), Glycine max (74), Vigna radiata (21) and Cajanus cajan (40). A total of 224 bacteria were identified as fast-growing Rhizobium spp. on the basis of differential staining (Gram staining and carbol fuchsin staining) and biochemical tests. All the isolates were tested for indole acetic acid production (IAA), phosphate solubilization and siderophore production on plate assay. To examine the effect of volatile organic metabolites (VOM) and water soluble soil components (WSSC) on nodule bacteria, culture conditions were optimized by observing the effects of various parameters such as pH, salt content and temperatures on the growth of bacteria. Selected rhizobia were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) analysis to identify their species. On the basis of RAPD and ARDRA, 10 isolates were identified as Rhizobium meliloti. In this study, Rhizobium GO4, G16, G20, G77, S43, S81, M07, M37, A15 and A55 were observed as the best candidates among the tested bacteria and can be further used as potent bioinoculants.

scholarly journals Synthesis of the Microbial Polysaccharide Gellan from Dairy and Plant-Based Processing Coproducts

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-244
Author(s):  
Thomas P. West
Keyword(s):  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Microbial Polysaccharide ◽  
Steep Liquor ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Condensed Distillers Solubles

This review examines the production of the microbial polysaccharide gellan, synthesized by Sphingomonas elodea, on dairy and plant-based processing coproducts. Gellan is a water-soluble gum that structurally exists as a tetrasaccharide comprised of 20% glucuronic acid, 60% glucose and 20% rhamnose, for which various food, non-food and biomedical applications have been reported. A number of carbon and nitrogen sources have been tested to determine whether they can support bacterial gellan production, with several studies attempting to optimize gellan production by varying the culture conditions. The genetics of the biosynthesis of gellan has been explored in a number of investigations and specific genes have been identified that encode the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of this polysaccharide. Genetic mutants exhibiting overproduction of gellan have also been identified and characterized. Several dairy and plant-based processing coproducts have been screened to learn whether they can support the production of gellan in an attempt to lower the cost of synthesizing the microbial polysaccharide. Of the processing coproducts explored, soluble starch as a carbon source supported the highest gellan production by S. elodea grown at 30 °C. The corn processing coproducts corn steep liquor or condensed distillers solubles appear to be effective nitrogen sources for gellan production. It was concluded that further research on producing gellan using a combination of processing coproducts could be an effective solution in lowering its overall production costs.

scholarly journals Effects of culture conditions on acetic acid production by bacteria isolated from Ivoirian fermenting cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) beans

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 8981
Author(s):  
Souleymane Soumahoro ◽  
Bernadette G Goualie ◽  
Jacques N Adom ◽  
Honoré G Ouattara ◽  
Gisèle Koua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Acetic Acid Production

Alkali investigations in the Sudan

1925 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
Nile Water ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Alkali Salts ◽  
Very High

(1) The cotton growing area in the Gezira consists of a heavy clay soil, the proportion of clay being about 50–60 per cent. in the upper layers with a maximum at about the 4th foot.(2) The water soluble salts amount to about 0·2 per cent. The proportion is highest at about the 3rd to 5th foot. The alkalinity (pH) is highest at the 2nd foot.(3) In the first 2 feet, the salts consist mainly of sodium carbonate and the third and fourth of sodium sulphate.(4) The irrigation (Blue Nile) water is of excellent quality as judged by its natural chemical composition. The concentrated water, however, contains a very high proportion of alkali salts. It is estimated that a season of normal irrigation would cause an increase of 0·01 per cent. in the alkali content of the first 4 feet of soil.(5) The sodium salts can readily act on the clay and the sodium clay so formed hydrolyses with the formation of sodium carbonate.(6) Samples taken at the same time from good and bad plots in the same area show a strong correlation between salt content and cropyielding power. There is also a correlation between pH and fertility.(7) In the same season and in the same area, virgin (i.e. unirrigated) plots give a higher yield than those which have been previously under the same system of cultivation.

scholarly journals Experimental study of paint coatings resistance to osmotic destruction depending on water-soluble salts content on a metal surface

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Allanazar Atdaev ◽  
Arthur Mazitov ◽  
Rustam Akhmetgaliev
Keyword(s):  
Metal Surface ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Regulatory Document ◽  
Soluble Salts ◽  
High Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Paint Coatings

The main purpose of this work is to assess the relevance of the requirements for the quantitative content of water-soluble salts on the metal surface before applying an anti-corrosion coating. To do this, a series of tests are carried out by coating the metal surface of samples with different salt content, followed by aging in distilled water at high temperature and pressure. After exposure, the defects will be analyzed. The results obtained will help to choose the maximum allowable amount of soluble salts on the metal surface, because the internal coating of field pipelines is practically beyond repair, and to fix this value in the regulatory document.

scholarly journals Selection of Method of Chemical Analysis in Measuring the Salinity of Mineral Materials

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 559
Author(s):  
Teresa Stryszewska ◽  
Marta Dudek
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chloride Salts ◽  
Sulphate Salts ◽  
Selection Of

The article deals with the issue of salt content in brick buildings, which plays an important role in the assessment of the technical condition, in particular of historic buildings. A question has been asked about the selection of the best research method to determine the salinity of mineral materials. To obtain the answer, the authors conducted some tests on ceramic bricks salted with seven types of salt solutions. Research methods such as: spectrophotometry (UV), ion chromatography (High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)), X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF) and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were compared. The above methods belong to two groups: the first is based on aqueous extracts and allows the determination of water-soluble salts, and the second concerns testing directly on the sample so that insoluble salts can also be determined. The results tests indicate that the methods based on solid phases (XRF and EDS) give higher salinity values than those based on aqueous extracts (HPLC and UV). The results were also analysed with regard to the type of salt. Larger differences are observed for sulphate salts while chloride salts are characterised by smaller differences. On this basis, it is concluded that the salt content of the material is best assessed using tests that make it possible to recognise the salt in question and its quantity.

Anionic polyacrylamide “water-in-water” emulsion prepared by dispersion polymerization in mixed salt aqueous media

e-Polymers ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongli Lü ◽  
Yujun Feng ◽  
Yongfeng Zhao ◽  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
Songkuang Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Dispersion Polymerization ◽  
Inorganic Salt ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Mixed Solution ◽  
Water Emulsion

AbstractPolyacrylamide “water-in-water” emulsion was regarded as a new generation of water-soluble polymeric materials and has attracted much attention from both academia and industry because of its environmentally-friendly character. Anionic polymeric “water-in-water” emulsions prepared by dispersion polymerization of acrylamide (AM) and sodium acrylic acid (NaAA) in mixed solution of Na2SO4 and (NH4)2SO4 are reported in this paper, and the parameters influencing polymerization and the final dispersion stability, including, N2 flow rate, chain transfer agent content, inorganic salt content, and the molar ratio of AM to NaAA were examined and opitimized. It was found that the intrinsic viscosity of resulting copolymers decreased as the N2 flow rate and CTA concentration increased, and the resultant dispersions with 27 % ∼ 28 % inorganic salt have regular particle shape, lowest particle size, better flowability and storage stability. The salt level in the reaction system would also dominate the time that the dispersion formed, and the ratio of AM to NaAA would influence the total monomers conversion and polymerization rate.

Phylogenetic grouping and identification of Rhizobium isolates on the basis of random amplified polymorphic DNA profiles

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 665-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Dooley ◽  
Stephen P. Harrison ◽  
Lance R. Mytton ◽  
Malcolm Dye ◽  
Ann Cresswell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Principal Coordinate Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phylogenetic Grouping ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
Selection Of

Through the use of a single, random 15mer as a primer, between 1 and 12 DNA amplification products were obtained per strain from a selection of 84 Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium isolates. A principal-coordinate analysis was used to analyse the resulting amplified DNA profiles and it was possible to assign isolates to specific groupings. Within the species Rhizobium leguminosarum, the biovar phaseoli formed a distinct group from the other biovars of the species, viciae and trifolii, which grouped together. Isolates of Rhizobium meliloti and Bradyrhizobium species formed their own clear, specific groups. Although it was possible to identify individual isolates on the basis of differences in their amplified DNA profiles, there was evidence that some amplified segments were conserved among individuals at the biovar and species levels.Key words: Rhizobium, DNA amplification, random primers.

77. A Study of Factors Influencing the Keeping Quality of Some Victorian Salted Butters in Cold Storage

1934 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Loftus-Hills ◽  
L. R. Scharp ◽  
T. S. Bellair
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Keeping Quality ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Controlled Deterioration ◽  
Fat Hydrolysis

Seventy boxes of salted Victorian butter were held at 12° F. for three months. Bacteriological and chemical examinations were carried out before and after storage in order to observe the changes which occurred and the factors which controlled deterioration.The bacteriological examination showed that on the average only slight changes in bacterial numbers occurred during the actual cold storage period. None of the bacterial, yeast or mould counts revealed any positive association with keeping quality.The catalase test gave negative results. It is suggested that enzyme activity is not an important factor in controlling deterioration of the butters.The chemical examinations indicated that the variations in curd or salt content did not affect keeping quality. Fat hydrolysis, as measured by ether soluble acidity of the fat, and fat oxidation as measured by peroxide value, did not appear to be important factors in deterioration. Considerable variations were observed in the acidity of butters made from cream supposed to be “neutralised” to the same acidity. Acidity of the butter as measured by titration of water-soluble material was closely related to the pH of the butter. Butter acidity and copper content appeared to be the most important factors controlling keeping quality. The mechanism by which acidity causes deterioration was not revealed by the investigation.

Exopolymers from curdlan production: incorporation of glucose-related sugars by Agrobacterium sp. strain ATCC 31749

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin W. Lee ◽  
Walter G. Yeomans ◽  
Alfred L. Allen ◽  
David L. Kaplan ◽  
Frank Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Strain Atcc ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Aerobic Culture ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry ◽  
Curdlan Production

Three different exopolymers were purified from cultures of Agrobacterium sp. strain ATCC 31749 grown in a mineral salts medium containing 2% glucose at 30 °C for 5 days under aerobic culture conditions. These exopolymers were curdlan (extracellular, homo-β-(1-3)-glucan, water insoluble at neutral pH), a water-soluble noncurdlan-type exopolymer A (WSNCE-A), and a water-soluble noncurdlan-type exopolymer B (WSNCE-B). Curdlan, WSNCE-A, and WSNCE-B composed by weight 61, 27, and 12%, respectively, of the exopolymer produced from glucose. Compositions of all polymers were confirmed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The WSNCE-A is composed of glucose and galactose with lower contents of rhamnose. The WSNCE-B consists of glucose and mannose. To biosynthesize modified biopolymers, glucose-related sugars including 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose, and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose (N-acetylglucosamine) were fed separately as the sole carbon source. Using 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, 8 – 12 mol% of the curdlan repeats were 3-O-methyl-D-glucose based on GC and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. N-Acetylglucosamine was incorporated into WSNCE-A at 10 mol% based on the GC–MS but was not found in curdlan or WSNCE-B.Key words: Agrobacterium sp., curdlan, exopolymer, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose.

Characterization and epidemiological relationships of SpanishBrachyspira hyodysenteriaefield isolates

2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Á. HIDALGO ◽  
A. CARVAJAL ◽  
M. PRINGLE ◽  
P. RUBIO ◽  
C. FELLSTRÖM
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Pcr ◽  
Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
First Time

SUMMARYThis research aimed to describe the genetic and phenotypic diversity of 74 SpanishBrachyspira hyodysenteriaefield isolates, to establish epidemiological relationships between the isolates and to confirm the presence of tiamulin-resistant isolates in Spain. For these purposes, we performed biochemical tests in combination with diagnostic PCR analysis for the identification ofBrachyspiraspp. and for detection of thesmpA/smpBgene. We also used antimicrobial susceptibility tests, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and a new pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) protocol. The combination of RAPD and PFGE allowed the study of epidemiological relationships. Both indole-negative and tiamulin-resistant isolates ofB. hyodysenteriaeare reported in Spain for the first time. The genetic analyses indicated a relationship between these Spanish isolates and indole-negative isolates previously obtained from Germany and Belgium.

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