scholarly journals Problems in radon measurements in context of epidemiological studies

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilia Yarmoshenko ◽  
Ivan Kirdin
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Radon Progeny ◽  
Indoor Radon Concentration ◽  
Special Investigation ◽  
Equilibrium Factor ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Gas Measurements

Epidemiological case control study is considered to be primary instrument to investigate the relationship between population indoor radon exposure and risk of lung cancer. A number of such studies had been completed in last 15 years and others are running now. Considering indoor radon and progeny some specific efforts should be undertaken to assess the exposure. While the lungs exposure after inhalation arises mainly due to radon progeny, in the case of the radon gas measurements application the researchers have to address the disequilibrium between radon and radon progeny. It is widely accepted by researchers and approved by ICRP that worldwide average value of equilibrium factor is 0.4 though real equilibrium factor value can deviate significantly from average. Temporal variation of indoor radon concentration complicates the evaluation of exposure as well. Three types of variation can be emphasized: diurnal, seasonal and long time. Experimental and modeling investigation of radon entry shown that pattern of indoor radon temporal variation firmly depends on relationship between entry rates of primary radon sources (diffusive and advective) and influencing factors are construction characteristics, climatic condition and life style. To find appropriate parameters describing radon disequilibrium and temporal variation it is necessary to perform special investigation in the representative sample of houses.

scholarly journals RESULTS OF INDOOR RADON MEASUREMENTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA: – A REVIEW –

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Zdenka Stojanovska ◽  
Blažo Boev ◽  
Ivan Boev
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Indoor Radon Concentration ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Balkan Region ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Mitigation Methods

Radon and its short lived decay products accumulated in indoor environment are the main source of public exposure to natural radiations. The health effects as well as a great number of natural and artificial factors affecting the radon accumulation in indoor environments are some of the motives for the scientific interest in radon issue. Following this global trend, many studies of indoor radon in the Balkan region, including the Republic of Macedonia have been conducted in the last decade. This paper is an overview of the published papers regarding indoor radon concentration measurements with nuclear track detectors in the Republic of Macedonia. It gives basic information about the spatial and temporal variability of indoor radon over the territory of the country, following by a description of the some factors which affect its variations. This review attempts: to organize available indoor radon results in order to show clear picture of the so far conducted surveys; to highlight the need for continuation of more extensive radon investigation in workplaces; to motivate the building professionals to create as much as possible mitigation methods for indoor radon reduction, to motivate the health professionals for epidemiological studies etc.

scholarly journals Measurement of indoor radon concentrations in different dwellings in Arar, Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-300
Author(s):  
Ayman Abdalla ◽  
Samy El-Gamal
Keyword(s):  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Geometric Standard Deviation ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Indoor Radon Concentration ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Radon Concentrations

Indoor radon concentrations in 33 dwellings in Arar city were measured using a CR-39 detector. This work is the first in the region and was done to assess the health risks. The exposure time was about 4 months, from May to September 2017. It was found that the indoor radon concentration changed in the range from 7.7 to 89.1 Bqm-3 with an overall average of 44.05 ? 6.21 Bqm-3 while the geometric mean is 39.51 Bqm-3 with a geometric standard deviation of 1.67. These values are within the acceptable level set by the International Committee for Radiation Protection. The annual effective dose received by the population of Arar was reported and it varied in the range 0.16 -1.82 mSv with an average value of 0.9 ? 0.16 mSv and the geometric mean is 0.81 mSv. The exposure to radon progeny was studied where the minimum, maximum, average, and geometric mean of exposure are 0.83?10-3, 9.63?10-3, 4.76 ? 0.67? 10-3 and 5.05?10-3 WLM, respectively. Finally, for the estimation of cancer risks, the excess lifetime cancer risk was investigated. Its average value was 3.7?10-3 which is relatively higher.

ASSESMENT OF INDOR RADON, THORON AND THEIR PROGENY LEVELS IN RESIDENTIAL HOUSES OF HARDOI, UTTAR PRADESH, (INDIA)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Alok Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Experimental Finding ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Radon Progeny ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Equilibrium Factor ◽  
Thoron Progeny

Radon, thoron and their progeny levels are significant natural sources of radiation exposure for general population in both living and working places. The concentration of radon varied from 15 Bq/m3 to 78 Bq/m3 with an average of 46 Bq/m3, while thoron concentration varied from 11 Bq/m3 to 26 Bq/m3 with an average of 18 Bq/m3. The concentration of radon progeny (EERC) varied from 10 Bq/m3 to 26 Bq/m3 with an average of 18 Bq/m3, while the concentration of thoron progeny (EETC) varied from 0.56 Bq/m3 to 1.91 Bq/m3 with an average of 1.11 Bq/m3 .The value of equilibrium factor for radon varied from 0.19 to 0.76 with an average of 0.37 while for thoron it varied from 0.02 to 0.12 with an average of 0.06. Our experimental finding confirmed that the indoor radon, thoron and their progeny concentration were within internationally accepted norms.

scholarly journals Measurements of radon, thoron and their progeny concentrations using twin cup dosimeter for indoor Al-Madaan city – Baghdad – Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (30) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafik S. Shafik
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Health Hazards ◽  
Radon Progeny ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Activity Concentrations

In this study, the activity concentrations of indoor radon, thoronand their progeny have been measured in air for 61 differentlocations of Al-Maddan city using twin cup dosimeter. Furthermore,some useful parameters concerning the health hazards have beenestimated; working level month (WLM), annual effective dose (Eff),and excess lung cancer per million person per year (ELC).The resultsshow that the values of radon gas levels in the investigated districtsvaried from 56.28 to 194.43Bq/m3with an overall average value132.96Bq/m3, while 0.313 to 1.085 for WLM with an overall average0.740, respectively. The value of Eff and ELC have been found tovary from 1.420 to 4.918 mSv/y with an overall average value3.354mSv/y, and 852 to 2951 with an overall average value 2013,respectively. For thoron gas only, the results showed that the thoronactivity concentration varied from 15.05 to 172.40 Bq/m3 with anoverall average 76.48 Bq/m3, and 0.021to 0.240for WLM with anoverall average 0.106, respectively. The values of Eff and ELC havebeen found to vary from 0.256 to 2.94 mSv/y with an overallaverage1.30 mSv/y and from 57 to 652 with an overall average of298, respectively. The concentration of radon progeny varied from59.44 to 301.39 Bq/m3 with an overall average 157.62 Bq/m3. Theresults illustrated that there is a large variation in the values of themeasured concentrations. This is due to the wide variation in theconstruction of the houses in Al-Madaan city. However, allinvestigated locations have radon concentration below the actionlevel (200-300Bq/m3) that recommended byICRP. Therefore, there isno health hazard of radon in the region of Al-Madaan city wheremeasurements have been performed.

scholarly journals A simple model for the assessment of indoor radionuclide Pb-210 surface contamination due to the presence of radon

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Dusan Mrdja ◽  
Istvan Bikit ◽  
Miroslav Veskovic ◽  
Sofija Forkapic ◽  
Natasa Todorovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Radioactive Decay ◽  
Surface Contamination ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Indoor Radon Concentration ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
Concentration Changes

The presented, very simplified model provides a possibility for estimation of surface Pb-210 activity, depending on the changes of Rn-222 concentration during the long-term radon presence inside the closed room. This can be useful for retrospective assessment of the average indoor radon concentration for certain historical period, based on the surface contamination by the radionuclide Pb-210 in a closed or poorly ventilated room over a long period of time. However, the surface Pb-210 contamination depends on the pattern of radon concentration changes, and in this model is supposed that the change of indoor radon concentration, which periodically enters the room, is affected only by the radioactive decay and the inserted amount of radon in each entry. So, each radon entry can be comprehended as a ?net amount? of radon, or excess which remains inside the room due to radon?s periodical in-out flow. It is shown, that under the conditions of the model, the achieved average value of radon concentration of 275 Bq/m3, implies that the saturated surface contamination by the Pb-210 of 160 Bq/m2 after approximately 150 years.

scholarly journals Indoor risk assessment of radon gas in the science college buildings-University of Mustansiriyah using RAD-7 detector

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (27) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Ali A. Ridha
Keyword(s):  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Indoor Radon Concentration ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Science College ◽  
The University ◽  
Short Time ◽  
First Time ◽  
Recommended Action

In the present work, a set of indoor Radon concentration measurements was carried out in a number of rooms and buildings of Science College in the University of Mustansiriyah for the first time in Iraq using RAD-7 detector which is an active method for short time measuring compared with the passive method in solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTD's). The results show that, the Radon concentrations values vary from 9.85±1.7 Bq.m-3 to 94.21±34.7 Bq.m-3 with an average value 53.64±26 Bq.m-3 which is lower than the recommended action level 200-300 Bq/m3 [ICRP, 2009].The values of the annual effective dose (A.E.D) vary from 0.25 mSv/y to 2.38 mSv/y, with an average value 1.46±0.67 mSv/y which is lower than the recommended the range 3-10 mSv/y [ICRP, 1993]. While the values of lung cancer cases per year per million person vary from 4.50 per million person to 42.84 per million person with an average value 24.35±12 per million person which is lower than the recommended range 170-230 per million person [ICRP, 1993].The values of the potential alpha energy concentration were found to vary from 10.18 mWL to 1.06 mWL, with an average value 5.79±2.8 mWL which is lower than the recommended value of 53.33 mWL given by [UNSCEAR, 1993].

Measurement of the radon exhalation rate and effective radium concentration in soil samples of southern Sakarya, Turkey

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emre Tabar ◽  
Hakan Yakut ◽  
Adem Kuş
Keyword(s):  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Effective Dose Equivalent ◽  
Exhalation Rate ◽  
Dose Equivalent ◽  
Indoor Radon Concentration ◽  
Radon Exhalation ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Radon Exhalation Rates

In the present study, radon exhalation rates in terms of mass and area, as well as the effective radium concentration in soil samples collected simultaneously from different districts of southern Sakarya have been measured by Sealed Can technique using LR-115 type-II detectors. Mass and areal radon exhalation rates in soil samples vary from 35.76 ± 1.5 to 253.15 ± 3.8 mBqkg−1h−1 with an average value of 112.53 ± 2.7 mBqkg−1h−1 and 0.73 ± 0.2 to 5.18 ± 0.6 Bqm−2h−1 with an average value of 2.30 ± 0.6 Bqm−2h−1, respectively. The effective radium content was found to vary in the range 3.77 ± 0.5 to 26.69 ± 1.3 Bqkg−1 with an average value of 11.86 ± 0.9 Bqkg−1. The area exhalation rate was also used to calculate indoor radon concentration contributed by radon exhalation from soil, and to estimate annual effective dose equivalent. While the indoor radon concentration contributed by radon exhalation from soil varies from 2.93 ± 0.9 to 20.73 ± 2.3 Bqm−3 with an average value of 9.22 ± 1.5 Bqm−3, the estimated effective dose equivalent varies from 0.09 to 0.61 mSvy−1 with an average value of 0.27 mSvy−1.

Distribution characteristics on indoor radon concentration of multiple-use facilities in Gwangju area

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-jin Kim ◽  
Sang-su An ◽  
Min-cheol Cho ◽  
Se-il Park ◽  
Jong-min Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Indoor Radon Concentration

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Berdasarkan Teori Apos pada Materi Fungsi Kuadrat

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Arie Gusman ◽  
Kamid Kamid ◽  
Syamsurizal Syamsurizal
Keyword(s):  
Learning Theory ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Quadratic Function ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Quadratic Functions ◽  
High School Mathematics ◽  
Constructivist Learning Theory ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Action Process

Learning quadratic functions that had been performed by the majority of vocational school and high school mathematics teacher in Kuala Tungkal is still using conventional learning media. The use of conventional learning media is experiencing a lot of obstacles, such as: a fairly long time in describing the graph function, especially when analyzing some quadratic function graphs with various characteristics. APOS is one of the constructivist learning theory which states that students learn through several stages, namely: action – process – object – schema. And to integrate into media APOS writer adapting ADDIE development model. The effectiveness of the use of media-based learning theory APOS seen from the student activity sheet can be concluded more increased activity of students in the learning process. Study of the test results, students were able to meet the completeness criteria stipulated minimum is 75. With an average value of learning outcomes, namely 87.14. It can be seen from the students' responses on a test group of small and large groups where it is concluded that researchers develop learning media can be categorized as good / interesting in the teaching and learning of mathematics.

scholarly journals A new approach to radon temporal correction factor based on active environmental monitoring devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Dicu ◽  
B. D. Burghele ◽  
M. Botoş ◽  
A. Cucoș ◽  
G. Dobrei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Smart Device ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
Indoor Radon Concentration ◽  
Radon Measurements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Monitoring Devices ◽  
Temporal Correction

AbstractThe present study aims to identify novel means of increasing the accuracy of the estimated annual indoor radon concentration based on the application of temporal correction factors to short-term radon measurements. The necessity of accurate and more reliable temporal correction factors is in high demand, in the present age of speed. In this sense, radon measurements were continuously carried out, using a newly developed smart device accompanied by CR-39 detectors, for one full year, in 71 residential buildings located in 5 Romanian cities. The coefficient of variation for the temporal correction factors calculated for combinations between the start month and the duration of the measurement presented a low value (less than 10%) for measurements longer than 7 months, while a variability close to 20% can be reached by measurements of up to 4 months. Results obtained by generalized estimating equations indicate that average temporal correction factors are positively associated with CO2 ratio, as well as the interaction between this parameter and the month in which the measurement took place. The impact of the indoor-outdoor temperature differences was statistically insignificant. The obtained results could represent a reference point in the elaboration of new strategies for calculating the temporal correction factors and, consequently, the reduction of the uncertainties related to the estimation of the annual indoor radon concentration.

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