scholarly journals The effect of magnesium stearate and sodium starch glycolate on powder flowability

2019 ◽  
pp. 304-310
Author(s):  
Gordana Svonja-Parezanovic ◽  
Mladena Lalic-Popovic ◽  
Svetlana Golocorbin-Kon ◽  
Nemanja Todorovic ◽  
Nebojsa Pavlovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Magnesium Stearate ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Sodium Starch Glycolate ◽  
Compressibility Index ◽  
Powder Flowability ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
Spray Dried

The powder flow plays an important role in the manufacture of dosage form such as direct compression tablets. The objective of this research was to investigate the individual and interaction effects of magnesium stearate (MgSt) (Merck Ltd., Germany) as lubricant and sodium starch glycolate (SSG) (Primojel?) as superdesintegrator on powder flowability. Powder formulations were prepared by mixing different concentration of MgSt (0.25% and 5%) and SSG (0.5% and 4%) with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) (Vivapur?101) or spray-dried lactose (LAC) (Super Tab 21AN) as diluents. Eight powder formulations were prepared using as filler LAC and MCC, as superdesintegrator SSG and as lubricant MgSt in ratios as follows: P1 (LAC : 0.5% SSG : 0.25% MgSt); P2 (LAC : 4% SSG : 5% MgSt); P3 (LAC : 0.5% SSG : 5% MgSt); P4 (LAC : 4% SSG : 5% MgSt); P5 (MCC : 0.5% SSG : 0.25% MgSt); P6 (MCC : 4% SSG : 5% MgSt); P7 (MCC : 0.5% SSG : 5% MgSt); P8 (MCC : 4% SSG : 0.25% MgSt). The powder formulations were evaluated using indirect methods of flowability evaluation according to 9th European Pharmacopoeia: measurement of tapped and bulk density (Ph.Eur.9, 2.9.34) and angle of repose (Ph.Eur. 2.9.36). Also, compressibility index, Hausner?s ratio were calculated. A full factorial design with three factors at two levels and response surface methodology were applied to evaluate the influence of various concentrations of MgSt and SSG on powder flowability. The results indicate that flow properties improved with decrease of SSG content and with increase of MgSt content. Magnesium stearate in powder formulations with microcrystalline cellulose has a greater influence on the improvement of the flow properties than powder formulations with spray-dried lactose.

Optimization of Microcrystalline Cellulose PH 101, Lactose, and Kollidon® K 30 To Obtain Co-Processed Excipient Through Spray Drying

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kusuma P. ◽  
Syukri Y ◽  
Sholehuddin F. ◽  
Fazzri N. ◽  
Romdhonah . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Chemical Change ◽  
Direct Compression ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Compression Process ◽  
Infrared Spectrophotometer ◽  
Physical Mixtures ◽  
Spray Dried

The most efficient tablet processing method is direct compression. For this method, the filler-binder can be made by coprocessing via spray drying method. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of spray dried co-processing on microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) PH 101, lactose and Kollidon® K 30 as well as to define the optimum proportions. Spray dried MCC PH 101, lactose, and Kollidon® K 30 were varied in 13 different mixture design proportions to obtain compact, free-flowing filler-binder co-processed excipients (CPE). Compactibility and flow properties became the key parameters to determine the optimum proportions of CPE that would be compared to their physical mixtures. The result showed that the optimum proportion of CPE had better compactibility and flow properties than the physical mixtures. The optimum CPE, consisting of only MCC PH 101 and Kollidon® K 30 without lactose, that were characterized using infrared spectrophotometer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) indicated no chemical change therein. Therefore, this study showed that spray dried MCC PH 101, lactose and Kollidon® K 30 could be one of the filler-binder alternatives for direct compression process.

Formulation and Evaluation of Immediate Release Tablets of Etizolam

2021 ◽  
pp. 281-284
Author(s):  
Abhishek Kumar Singh ◽  
Kasif Shakeel
Keyword(s):  
Immediate Release ◽  
Magnesium Stearate ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Compressibility Index ◽  
Tablet Hardness ◽  
In Vitro Disintegration

In the present investigation, immediate release tablet formulation of etizolam was developed for management of insomnia and anxiety using different Superdisintegrants (Sodium Starch Glycolate, Croscarmellose, Crospovidone), Povidone K-30 and Magnesium stearate by wet granulation method. The drug-excipients interaction was investigated by UV spectrophotometer. The granules and tablets of Etizolam were evaluated for various pre and post compression parameters like angle of repose, compressibility index, hausners ratio, tablet hardness, friability and in vitro disintegration and dissolution studies and their results were found to be satisfactory. These results suggest that maximum in vitro dissolution profile of formulation F6 were found to have equivalent percentage of drug release and concluded that F6 is better and similar to innovator product.

scholarly journals Repurposing Butenafine as An Oral Nanomedicine for Visceral Leishmaniasis

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Bezerra-Souza ◽  
Raquel Fernandez-Garcia ◽  
Gabriela F. Rodrigues ◽  
Francisco Bolas-Fernandez ◽  
Marcia Dalastra Laurenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Stability ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Spray Dried

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease affecting more than 12 million people worldwide, which in its visceral clinical form (VL) is characterised by the accumulation of parasites in the liver and spleen, and can lead to death if not treated. Available treatments are not well tolerated due to severe adverse effects, need for parenteral administration and patient hospitalisation, and long duration of expensive treatments. These treatment realities justify the search for new effective drugs, repurposing existing licensed drugs towards safer and non-invasive cost-effective medicines for VL. In this work, we provide proof of concept studies of butenafine and butenafine self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (B-SNEDDS) against Leishmania infantum. Liquid B-SNEDDS were optimised using design of experiments, and then were spray-dried onto porous colloidal silica carriers to produce solid-B-SNEDDS with enhanced flow properties and drug stability. Optimal liquid B-SNEDDS consisted of Butenafine:Capryol 90:Peceol:Labrasol (3:49.5:24.2:23.3 w/w), which were then sprayed-dried with Aerosil 200 with a final 1:2 (Aerosil:liquid B-SNEDDS w/w) ratio. Spray-dried particles exhibited near-maximal drug loading, while maintaining excellent powder flow properties (angle of repose <10°) and sustained release in acidic gastrointestinal media. Solid-B-SNEDDS demonstrated greater selectivity index against promastigotes and L. infantum-infected amastigotes than butenafine alone. Developed oral solid nanomedicines enable the non-invasive and safe administration of butenafine as a cost-effective and readily scalable repurposed medicine for VL.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physical Properties of Selected Excipients for Direct Compressible Tablet

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
SM Moshiur Rahman ◽  
Tushar Saha ◽  
Zia Uddin Masum ◽  
Jakir Ahmed Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Sodium Starch Glycolate ◽  
Peg 4000

Excipients play important roles in the manufacturing of direct compressible tablet. The physical properties of excipients like flow properties, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility and diameter of particles are the most important studies which should be taken under consideration. Excipients like lactose, ludipress, avicel, povidone, sodium starch glycolate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG 4000) and maize starch are used and found that PEG 4000, avicel PH-101, ludipress and sodium lauryl sulfate showed an angle of repose below 400 which indicates good flow properties and others are not. The highest compressibility value is obtained from lactose and compressibility value was lowest for PEG 4000. It was found from the average diameter of excipients that sodium starch glycolate is very fine graded powder because all particles pass through a sieve (100 mesh) and the highest value is obtained from PEG 4000.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20(1): 34-38, 2017

scholarly journals Improvement of fluconazole flowability and its effect on dissolution from tablets and capsules

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Vladi Olga Consiglieri ◽  
Samanta Mourão ◽  
Mauricio Sampaio ◽  
Patricia Granizo ◽  
Pedro Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Drug Dissolution ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Granulation Process ◽  
Index Data ◽  
Compressibility Index ◽  
Dissolution Efficiency

The aim of this work was to improve fluconazole flowability by wet granulation and to study the effect of granulation on drug dissolution from tablets and capsules. Fluconazole was submitted to a process of wet granulation in a high-speed granulator using Plasdone® K29/32 or K90. Flow properties of granules and dissolution profiles for tablets and capsules produced with them were determined. Fluconazole granules demonstrated better flowability, calculated by angle of repose and compressibility index data, compared with powder. Additionally, it was observed that the granulation process improved the dissolution efficiency (ED) of fluconazole from tablets and capsules, which could also suggest an increase in bioavailability. Higher dissolution efficiencies were achieved with Plasdone® K29/32.

Application of Spray Drying Technique for Flowability enhancement of Divalproex Sodium

Drug Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (03) ◽  
pp. 168-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Ghanbarzadeh ◽  
Hadi Valizadeh ◽  
Shadi Yaqoubi ◽  
Arash Asdagh ◽  
Hamed Hamishehkar
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Flow Property ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Content Uniformity ◽  
Divalproex Sodium ◽  
Powder Flowability ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Spray Dried

Abstract Background Tablets and capsules are the most accepted and widely used solid dosage forms in the medical therapy. Flow property of the powders is playing a key role in the various pharmaceutical fields especially in the fomulation of tablets and capsules. The high hygroscopic crystalline structure of anhydrous Divalproex sodium (DVX) makes it to be appear as waxy white flakes with almost no powder flowability which cause serious problems during the tabletting and capsule filling procedures. Purpose The main objective of this study was to improve the flowability of DVX powder. Methods DVX was mixed with mannitol or lactos in different ratios, dissolved in water and differet binary mixtures of ethanol:water, and finally spray dried with different spray drying conditions. Particle size and powders morphology were assessed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The poweder flowability was assessed by measurmet of Hausner ratio (HR), Carr’s index (CI) and angle of repose (AOR) indexes. Furthermore, the content uniformity of DVX in spray-dried powders was determined by using a validated HPLC technique. Results The results showed that spray drying technique improved DVX flowability by forming spherical particles with narrow size distribution AOR value of DVX was decrease from not flowable to 36.1° in spray dried solid dispersion indicating the improvmet of powder flowability from very poor to fair/good condition. Conclusion Findings suggest that the spray drying technique improves DVX flowability and may pave the way for improvement in the tabletting procedure of DVX.

scholarly journals Formulation and evaluation of chewable tablets of Desloratadine prepared by aqueous and non-aqueous techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abbas ◽  
Musharraf Abbas ◽  
Fatima Tariq ◽  
Rabiya Yasin ◽  
Muhammad Nabeel
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Stearate ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Drug Content ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Compressibility Index ◽  
Tap Density ◽  
Chewable Tablets

In the modern era, chewable tablets are preferred over conventional dosage forms by pediatric, geriatric and bedridden patients due to difficulty in swallowing, lesser amount of water for swallowing medications as well as unable to tolerate the bitter taste of certain drugs. Chewable tablets of Desloratadine (DS) were formulated by aqueous and non-aqueous granulation method using water paste and Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) as a wetting agents respectively. Desloratadine is used to treat the symptoms of allergy such as sneezing, watery eyes. In the recent research, we have formulated eight trials by various concentrations of excipients. For instance; lactose, talcum, magnesium stearate, blue color, flavor, aspartame, mannitol, avicel 101 and polyvenylpyrollidine (PVP). Pre-compression and post compression parameters (thickness, hardness, friability weight variation and drug content) of the formulations were evaluated. B3 was our optimum dosage form because its Hausner’s ratio, compressibility index, bulk density, tap density, angle of repose have optimum values i.e. 1.01, 5.1%, 0.66(g/cc), 0.69(g/cc), 26.1º respectively and post-compression i.e. thickness, hardness, friability weight variation and drug content have values, 2.9mm, 3.9(kg/cm²), 0.6%, 99.5% respectively. Tablets prepared by wet granulation technique showed reasonable release profile i.e. 100% within the required time i.e. 2 hours.  Moreover, organoleptic evaluation of all formulations were performed. Keywords: Desloratadine, chewable, magnesium stearate, aspartame, compressibility, granulation.

scholarly journals Drug Technology in Hunting Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-65
Author(s):  
S. Laca Megyesi ◽  
A. Königová ◽  
L. Molnár ◽  
M. Várady ◽  
M. Fedorová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Particle Shape ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Hausner Ratio ◽  
Compressibility Index ◽  
Drug Technology ◽  
The Right ◽  
Shape And Size

Abstract Antiparasitic therapy in living ratites is based on the right dose and efficacy is only when the drug is pharmaceutically stable and safe. Ivermectin is considered to be the most widely used drug in the treatment of parasitosis in ruminants worlwide. For these reasons, in our study, we focused on the pharmaceutical investigation of ivermectin by SEM analysis of its powder particle shape and size, flow properties of solids (angle of repose, compressibility index, Hausner ratio) and zeta potential.

FORMULASI GRANUL EFFERVESCENT EKSTRAK ETANOL 90% BUAH LABU AIR (Lagenaria siceraria) SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN DENGAN VARIASI GAS GENERATING AGENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-229
Author(s):  
Dyera Forestryana ◽  
◽  
Yunitha Hestiarini ◽  
Aristha Novyra Putri
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Compressibility Index

Water pumpkin (Lagenaria siceraria) is a vegetable that contains secondary metabolites that are beneficial to health. Its use as a vegetable is less attractive to the people so that to increase its utilization, dosage forms are made that can attract public interest, one of which is effervescent granules. Effervescent granules are the most popular dosage form because they can serve in fresh drinks. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in the concentration of acids (citric acid-tartaric acid) and base (sodium bicarbonate) on the physical properties of the formula. The water pumpkin effervescent granules made with various ratios of citric acid, tartaric acid, and sodium bicarbonate consisting of FI (2: 1: 2.5); F II (1: 2: 2,5); F III (2: 1: 3,52); F IV (1: 2: 3,44). The granule made by the wet granulation method. The physical properties of the formula included organoleptic, moisture content, flow properties, compressibility index, pH, solubility time, and acceptability test. Based on the results of the evaluation of physical properties, the granule formula of the water pumpkin effervescent meets the standard requirements with a moisture content of 1.26% -2.26%, flow properties from 6.33 to 7.0 seconds, angle of repose 31.14˚-33.69 ˚, compressibility index 13.61% -17.08%, pH 6.1-7.1 and dissolving time 191-223.33 seconds. Variations of citric acid-tartaric acid and sodium bicarbonate affect the physical properties and taste of the effervescent granules. Based on the acceptability test showed that the panelists liked the water pumpkin effervescent granules in FII.

scholarly journals Formulation Design and in Vitro Evaluation of Oral Disintegrating Tablets of Selegiline

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (04) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
K Sunand ◽  
V Sandhya ◽  
A Swapna ◽  
K Prasanth ◽  
A Vijaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Compression Method ◽  
Sodium Starch Glycolate ◽  
Control Evaluation ◽  
Tapped Density ◽  
Evaluation Parameters ◽  
Fast Disintegrating Tablets ◽  
Good Flow

In the present work, an attempt has been made to develop fast disintegrating tablets of Selegiline, were as sodium starch glycolate, cross povidone and cross carmellose sodium were employed as super disintegrating agents to enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of drug molecule. Formulations were prepared by direct compression method using 6mm punch on 8 station rotary tablet punching machine. The blend of all the formulations showed good flow properties such as angle of repose, bulk density and tapped density. The prepared tablets have shown good post compression parameters and they passed all the quality control evaluation parameters as per IP limits. Among all the formulations F2 formulation showed maximum percentage drug release i.e., 97.26 % in 45 min, hence it is considered as optimized formulation. The F2 formulation contains SSG as super disintegrate in the concentration of 24mg.

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