scholarly journals Economic development and direct foreign investment in the transition economies

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (171) ◽  
pp. 75-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruzica Mrdakovic-Cvetkovic
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Foreign Investment ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Per Capita

The paper deals with the problems related to economic development in Serbia and Southeast-European countries. Comparative analysis has been used for distinguishing typical changes of gross domestic product, foreign direct investment and gross domestic product per capita in Serbia, the countries of Southeast Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States. The analysis indicates that the levels of both the gross domestic product (GDP) and production in Serbia and other countries are currently lower than in 1989, the year generally taken as the beginning of the process of transition from centrally planned to market economies. .

scholarly journals Implications of Free Trade Area For Poverty, Household Welfare And Economic Development In Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Idris Abubakar ◽  
Thomas onimisi Abaukaka ◽  
Muhammad Kabir O. Momoh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
Per Capita

Purpose of the study: The study aims to investigate the implications of free trade areas for poverty, household welfare and economic development in Nigeria. Methodology: This study employed a fully modified least squares (FMOLS) regression technique. The income per capita and unemployment out of many macroeconomics indexes were employed in this study to measure welfare and poverty implications of free trade area respectively. To enable the study, determine the policy and decision-making implications of the free trade area on Nigeria economy, historical data were drawn from the central bank statistical bulletin for 27 years. Main findings: The estimated results revealed that the income per capita (welfare) model demonstrated a fair view of free trade scenarios as indicated by the explanatory variables; export contributions to gross domestic product and foreign direct investment contributed positively to the welfare of the individual. Besides, the study also found foreign direct investment and export contributions to gross domestic product to have a negative relationship with unemployment, which implies a reduction in the unemployment rate in Nigeria. Research implications: This study documented that households’ welfare will be increased by free trade area, while unemployment will also be reduced by participating in free trade area. Based on study findings, policies makers, academia, researchers, the and government will find the study relevant in making policies that promote foreign direct investment, export contributions to the growth of the economy and gross domestic product such as reduction in tariff, simplifying trade regulations, increasing the availability of credit to exporters, creations of duty drawback, improving cooperation among economic actors and overall structural changes which will have positive implications on the households welfare, poverty and economic development. The novelty of the study: The relevance for free trade area as one among economic policies to promote the welfare and reduce poverty among nations is gaining momentum globally especially African continent. Given the paucity of studies on this area, the study is undertaken as a framework to determine what the implications of free trade areas will be among the African continent.

PENGARUH PENANAMAN MODAL ASING, PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL, GDP PER KAPITA, SEKTOR PERTANIAN, DAN URBANISASI TERHADAP PENDUDUK BEKERJA DI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
John Marcell Rumondor
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Per Capita

This research aims to understand the influenceof foreign investment, international trade, Gross Domestic Product per capita, agriculture and urbanization of the working population. Country used as an object in this research is Indonesia. This research uses the method of analysis Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and the multiple linear regression analysis method. Research period are from 1997 – 2012. The results showed that the international trade, Gross Domestic Product per capita, agriculture and urbanization have significantpositive influenceon the population work in Indonesia, but foreign investment has no significanteffect on the working population in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Key Determinants of Energy Demand: Case of Morocco

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Bikrat Fatiha ◽  
Mohamed Karim
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Direct Foreign Investment ◽  
Vector Model ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
To Come

Energy management is a major issue in economic development that goes hand in hand with sustainable development. The objective of this study is to analyze the determinants of energy demand in Morocco during the period 1990-2016. For years to come, energy demand has tended to grow. As a result, it is important to understand the key determinants of energy demand through the analysis of three independent variables: gross domestic product (GDP), access to electricity and direct foreign investment. The approach adopted is to use an Error Correction Vector Model (VECM). Empirical results show that energy demand in Morocco is linked to real causes, which are GDP, access to electricity and foreign direct investment.

scholarly journals The Asymmetrical Effects of Economic Development on Consumption-based and Production-based Carbon Dioxide Emissions, 1990 to 2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 237802311877362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaorui Huang ◽  
Andrew K. Jorgenson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
National Data ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cross National

The authors examine the potentially asymmetrical relationship between economic development and consumption-based and production-based CO2 emissions. They decompose economic development into economic expansions and contractions, measured separately as increases and decreases in gross domestic product per capita, and examine their unique effects on emissions. Analyzing cross-national data from 1990 to 2014, the authors find no statistical evidence of asymmetry for the overall sample. However, for a sample restricted to nations with populations larger than 10 million, the authors observe a contraction-leaning asymmetry whereby the effects of economic contraction on both emissions outcomes are larger in magnitude than the effects of economic expansion. This difference in magnitude is more pronounced for consumption-based emissions than for production-based emissions. The authors provide tentative explanations for the variations in results across the different samples and emissions measures and underscore the need for more nuanced research and deeper theorization on potential asymmetry in the relationship between economic development and anthropogenic emissions.

scholarly journals Impact of self-perceptions, social norms, and social capital on nascent entrepreneurs: a comparative analysis by level of economic development in Latin American countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Barrera-Verdugo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Nascent Entrepreneurs ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThe impact of individual psychological and social conditions on participation in entrepreneurship has been widely studied. However, little is known about these variables’ comparative influence on the development of nascent ventures in countries with different levels of gross domestic product per capita. This research compares the effects of self-perceptions, perceived subjective norms, and first-hand connections with entrepreneurs on participation in nascent entrepreneurs in Latin America. Logistic regressions are performed and the resulting coefficient magnitudes and pseudo-R2 values compared for the populations of 11 countries in this region. The evidence reveals heterogeneity in the effect of these psychological and social attributes on nascent ventures’ creation process, conditional on different levels of gross domestic product per capita. Notably, higher economic development is positively related to a greater influence of these perceptual and social variables. The findings enhance understanding of the effects of key variables from theories of entrepreneurial behaviour, incorporating economic development level as a new determinant. In addition, the results could guide programmes aimed at strengthening entrepreneurship in Latin America by supporting the adaptation of efforts to support nascent entrepreneurship according to the influence of perceptual and social variables in different countries.

How does employment respond to minimum wage adjustment in China?

2020 ◽  
pp. 103530462097083
Author(s):  
Chung-Khain Wye ◽  
Elya Nabila Abdul Bahri
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Minimum Wages ◽  
Employment Effect ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Capita Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Per Capita

Under what circumstances can minimum wages increase without adverse effects on employment levels? In 31 Chinese provinces between 2004 and 2015, the employment effect of a minimum wage depended on the minimum wage level, foreign direct investment, per capita gross domestic product and labour productivity. A minimum wage increase reduced hiring as foreign direct investment inflow rose, regardless of the amount of investment. Any positive employment effect of a minimum wage increase was mitigated by per capita gross domestic product growth, except when per capita gross domestic product was above the average. Above-average labour productivity enhancement significantly mitigated the adverse employment effect of the minimum wage. Employers responded to a rising minimum wage by increasing hiring when the geometric growth rates of the minimum wage and foreign direct investment for a particular province within a period of time were above the overall average across provinces. However, they scrutinised both annual and overall economic growth within a time period when making hiring decisions in the face of minimum wage adjustments. An inverted U-shape relationship between minimum wages and employment suggest a maximum threshold value for the minimum wage. Thus, government policy measures should foster short-term and long-term economic growth, to facilitate employment creation when minimum wages increase. JEL Codes: J38, J21, F16, O40

Causal Relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth

2015 ◽  
pp. 319-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Bakır ◽  
Filiz Eryılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Foreign Investment ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Causality Relationship ◽  
Granger Causality Tests ◽  
Per Capita

In this chapter, the authors investigate the causality relationship between the inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth as measured by Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in Turkey during the period 1974-2012 by using the Granger causality tests. The causality test indicates that economic growth Granger-causes FDI. This means that there is bidirectional causality from Reel GDP to FDI in Turkey. So the author results support “the growth – driven FDI hypothesis”. This demonstrates that in the related time in Turkey, more direct foreign investment entered the economy together with an increase in economic growth.

scholarly journals Continuous national gross domestic product (GDP) time series for 195 countries: past observations (1850–2005) harmonized with future projections according to the Shared Socio-economic Pathways (2006–2100)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 847-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Past ◽  
Online Archive ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Climate Impact Research

Abstract. Gross domestic product (GDP) represents a widely used metric to compare economic development across time and space. GDP estimates have been routinely assembled only since the beginning of the second half of the 20th century, making comparisons with prior periods cumbersome or even impossible. In recent years various efforts have been put forward to re-estimate national GDP for specific years in the past centuries and even millennia, providing new insights into past economic development on a snapshot basis. In order to make this wealth of data utilizable across research disciplines, we here present a first continuous and consistent data set of GDP time series for 195 countries from 1850 to 2009, based mainly on data from the Maddison Project and other population and GDP sources. The GDP data are consistent with Penn World Tables v8.1 and future GDP projections from the Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs), and are freely available at http://doi.org/10.5880/pik.2018.010 (Geiger and Frieler, 2018). To ease usability, we additionally provide GDP per capita data and further supplementary and data description files in the online archive. We utilize various methods to handle missing data and discuss the advantages and limitations of our methodology. Despite known shortcomings this data set provides valuable input, e.g., for climate impact research, in order to consistently analyze economic impacts from pre-industrial times to the future.

scholarly journals Export, Foreign Direct Investment and Gross Domestic Product: Case of the Commonwealth of Independent States Countries and Armenia

REGIONOLOGY ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 206-223
Author(s):  
Lilit N. Sargsyan
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Gross Domestic Product Growth ◽  
Commonwealth Of Independent States ◽  
Independent States ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Export and foreign direct investment have great significance for economic development of the developing and transition countries, like Armenia and the Commonwealth of Independent States countries. As the domestic market of the Republic of Armenia is small, Armenia’s economic development depends on external demand. The aim of this article is to estimate the impact of foreign direct investment and export on gross domestic product of the Commonwealth of Independent States countries and the Republic of Armenia. Materials and Methods. For the Commonwealth of Independent States countries, regression analysis with panel data was performed using Stata V10 statistical package. For Armenia, correlation and regression analysis was performed, the results of the Granger causality test were revealed. The regression analysis employed the least squares method. Results. The performed analysis has shown that in the Commonwealth of Independent States countries the export growth of 1 % causes the gross domestic product growth of 0.92 % and the increase in foreign direct investment of 1 % causes the gross domestic product growth of 0.4 %. In the Republic of Armenia, the export growth of 1 unit causes the gross domestic product growth of 8.89 units and the increase in foreign direct investment of 1 unit causes the gross domestic product growth of 1.23 units. Discussion and Conclusion. Comparison of the obtained results with those of the similar analysis conducted earlier by the author makes it possible to state that in the Commonwealth of Independent States countries the impact of export has decreased while the impact of foreign direct investment has increased. In Armenia, the impact of both export and foreign direct investment is higher than before. The materials of this article may be useful for other researcher studying this issue, as well as for the governments of the Commonwealth of Independent States countries and the Republic of Armenia responsible for the development of the economic policy.

scholarly journals MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN (MEA) SETELAH TIGA TAHUN PENGIMPLEMENTASIAN DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gita Paramita Agustin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Asean Economic Community

The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) is a community of ASEAN countries having a vision and mission to further enhance the welfare of ASEAN countries. The AEC makes the boundaries that were more complicated and difficult to run easier and there are almost no restrictions at all in terms of the economy. There are several advantages and disadvantages with the enactment of the AEC in Indonesia. The AEC is expected to further improve the economy in Indonesia. The level of export imports, poverty rates and the number of unemployed and the level of income per capita and gross domestic product are indicators in measuring the economic development in a country. To find out the success of the AEC which has been running for 3 years, this study will compare these indicators before and after the enactment of the AEC in Indonesia. Keywords: ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), import exports, poverty rates, unemployment, per capita income and gross domestic product.

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