scholarly journals Anthropo(bio)centrism and relations with the environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-192
Author(s):  
Jelena Djuric
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Kind

The text deals with some problems that facing research of the environment. Beside conceptual issues adherent to Serbian language, solving of real environmental problems in general, should resolve the dichotomy anthropocentrism vs. biocentrism which stems from the conflicting human nature and appears just unsustainable in ecology. Among other topics, the meaning of the argument of ?ecology as a new great narrative? which enables continued progress and mutual legitimization of science and democracy is being examined from the point of view of their universal relevance. It also deals with effectiveness of theories that implicate the irrelevance of human kind for its own liberation from anthropocentric worldview which narrows the prospects of survival.

An Islamic Framework for Employer-Employee Relationships

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ramzan Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Wage Structure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Employee Relationships ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Islamic Institutions

IntroductionIslamic teachings envisage a balanced society achieved through thefunctioning of Islamic institutions. This paper visualizes three main institutions:ukhiwah, ‘adl, and ihsan. Ukhuwah (brotherhood) promotes the bonds ofbrotherhood, and ‘adl (justice) enforces a system of individual and socialobligations. Islam stresses the importance of meeting one’s obligations, becauseeach obligation has its corresponding right. Thus, an individual’s effort to meethidher obligations leads to the fulfillment of everyone’s rights. This does notmean that Islam forbids one from demanding hidher rights, even though thisdemand does pose a problem related to human nature: an individual wants his/herrights and also some part of another person’s rights. Therefore, one group’sdemand for its rights tends to encroach upon the rights of another group, whichcauses social friction and disorder. The institution of ihsan (benevolence) goesone step further: it exhorts individuals to forego their rights for the sake of others,which is considered an act of piety.This paper will study employer-employee relationships in the light of thethree institutions mentioned above. A framework for conducting employer-employeerelationships is formulated and is then used to determine, from theIslamic point of view, the proper wages. The findings of this paper show thatan economically efficient and equitable wage structure can evolve within thisframework and that such a wage structure would promote the parties’ mutualrelationships which, in turn, would lead to industrial peace.The body of the paper is organized as follows: a review of the existingliterature on the subject, the development of an Islamic framework for employer-employeerelationships, a discussion of the Islamic approach to wagecompensation, and some concluding remarks ...

«Razao e Liberdade. A Filosofia Politica de James Madison» Arguicao e Resposta

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (37) ◽  
pp. 217-240
Author(s):  
Alessandra Silveira ◽  
José Gomes André ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Alexander Hamilton ◽  
James Madison ◽  
The Relationship

This paper includes the exam of a Ph.D thesis about James Madison’s political philosophy, as well as the answers presented by the candidate to several criticai observations. Various themes are considered, though always surrounding Madison’s work: the peculiar characteristics of his federalism, the relationship between the idea of human nature and the elaboration of political models, the political and constitutional controversies that Madison entangled with several figures from its time (namely Alexander Hamilton), the problem of “judicial review” and the place of “constitutionality control” taken from a reflexive and institutional point of view, and other similar themes.

scholarly journals Perfekcjonizm Bertranda Russella

Etyka ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 177-196
Author(s):  
Czesław Porębski
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Bertrand Russell ◽  
Traditional Morality ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
Industrial Civilization ◽  
Creative Experience ◽  
Free Development ◽  
Individual Ethics

Bertrand Russell was one of those moralists who advocate a broad concept of ethics, including both social and individual ethics. This latter ethics is composed of prescriptions relating to the various ways of attaining happiness and perfection. Since however both happiness and perfection, i.e. the creative experience of one’s own existence can be attained by the same way (through conforming to the natural development principle), the requirement of self-realization may contribute to the harmonious coexistence of all people an effect that is desirable from social point of view. Russell believed that if all people an effect that is desirable form social point of view. Russell believed that if all individuals are granted possibilities of unrestrained self-realization armed conflicts will cease. The requirement of self-realization will be fulfilled above all when the barriers that have up to now handicapped the free development of human possibilities are pulled down. The barriers to self-realization include the restrictions connected with the specific living conditions pertinent to the industrial civilization, the commonly accepted false picture of human nature, and traditional morality.

scholarly journals The Soul’s Need to Connect with God through the Language of Art: Analysis from an Islamic Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Recep Dogan
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Art Analysis ◽  
The Way

Human beings express their emotions through the language of art; it is therefore both the spirit of progress and one of the most important means of developing emotions. Consequently, those who cannot make use of this means are incomplete in their maturation. Ideas and other products of the imagination can be given tangible form with the magical key of art. By means of art, humanity can exceed the limits of the earth and reach feelings beyond time and space. Beauty in the realm of existence can be recognized through art. Moreover, the great abilities inherent in human nature can be understood and witnessed in works of art. However, from an Islamic point of view, there are some restrictions on certain fields such as sculpture and painting. It is therefore imperative to analyse the notion of art in Islam and its philosophy and then reflect upon the need of the spirit to connect to God through the language of art while meeting some religious obstacles on the way.

Current situation and future possibilities for the sewage sludge valorization

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Ballabio ◽  
T. Vollmeier
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Efficient Solution ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
Sludge Disposal

Thermal treatment is an efficient solution for the sewage sludge disposal, able to deal with the environmental problems related to some harmful elements inside sludge itself, as heavy metals, hormones, pharmaceutical derivates etc. This presentation wants to show the several reliable technologies available today, able to fulfil the requirements for efficiency and cheapness. Other solutions with interesting potentialities are now in a research phase, and they show promising future possibilities of application also from the point of view of the environmental acceptability related to these technologies. In addition to the solutions for the sludge thermal treatment, it will be shown the issue of the phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge, a topical issue that will influence the choices for the sludge disposal in the next years.

scholarly journals Ecosystem Management and Ecological Modeling

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 107-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. JØrgensen
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Ecosystem Management ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Ecological Engineering ◽  
Ecological Modeling ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Environmental Technology ◽  
System Properties

It is the intention of this paper to demonstrate that environmental technology must be supplemented by other tools to be able to solve environmental problems properly. Five cases are used to illustrate the possibilities of ecological engineering, a new engineering field based on ecology, as chemical engineering is based on chemistry. It encompasses restoration of ecosystems, utilization of ecosystems to the benefit of both mankind and nature, construction of ecosystems, and ecologically sound planning of ecosystems from a holistic point of view. Ecological engineering requires a good knowledge of the system properties of ecosystems to be able to fully utilize the possibilities that ecosystem management offers. Models reflecting the ecosystem properties are furthermore needed to be able to quantify the effects of the ecological engineering solutions to the environmental problems. This is clearly demonstrated in two of the five case studies presented in the paper.

The Order of Body

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Iwona Krupecka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Cultural Relativism ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Intercultural Dialogue ◽  
Universal Values ◽  
Human Kind ◽  
Cultural Interactions

This text focuses on the possibility of acquiring universal knowledge (especially about values) by individual subjective consciousness as determined both corporeally and culturally. Along with the appearance of the “question” of the cultural Other (and with the cultural relativism as its other side) the attempts of European philosophers to establish a kind of a universal sphere—intellectual basis for an intercultural dialogue—became more intensive, but still often limited by their relation to the values and ideas of the only one culture. In other words, the attempts to search the community of human kind in an intellectual sphere often led to the universality being the “universalized particularity” (Wallerstein), maintained by the empty signifiers (Laclau). But there is also another philosophical tradition, in which the “universality” of ideas, concepts or values is being perceived as a quasi-universality or pluri-versality, mediated by human organic and cultural interactions, and is being derived rather from “beyond”—from the condition of embodiment—than from “above,” the pure intellectual cognition. I focus on three instances of moving from the order of body towards the quasi-universal values: on Bartolomé de Las Casas’s posing a problem of the universal values in the context of intercultural dialogue, on Michel de Montaigne’s reflections on human nature and Walter Mignolo’s naturalistic foundation of the comparative studies. I chose these examples, because they offer a clear and expressed attempt to reformulate the very idea of possible universality in the context of the desired intercultural dialogue, but within the optics of the embodied subjectivities.

Self-Knowledge and a Refutation of the Immateriality of Human Nature

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-199
Author(s):  
Pirooz Fatoorchi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Epistemic Asymmetry

The paper deals with an argument reported by Razi (d. 1210) that was used to attempt to refute the immateriality of human nature. This argument is based on an epistemic asymmetry between our self-knowledge and our knowledge of immaterial things. After some preliminary remarks, the paper analyzes the structure of the argument in four steps. From a methodological point of view, the argument is similar to a family of epistemological arguments (notably, the Cartesian argument from doubt) and is vulnerable to the same objection that can be raised against that form of reasoning. The last section points out that the argument can be used indirectly to highlight the weakness in some arguments for the claim that there is something immaterial in human beings.

Saccharide Fuel Cell (SFC)

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinchas Schechner ◽  
Lea Mor ◽  
Shlomo Kimchie ◽  
Hussein Tarabeah ◽  
Carlos Dosoretz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Demonstration Project ◽  
Satisfactory Performance

A study on the possibility to use saccharides as fuels in a Fuel Cell is presented. The study deals with the abundance of saccharides and ways to extract them from solid organic urban, forest and agricultural wastes, and from food industry effluents. The use of saccharides as fuel is treated from the thermodynamic point of view and compared with other common fuels currently used in fuel cells. Other properties of saccharides, relevant to their use as fuels, such as: safety, transportability, storage, inflammability, poisonous character and volatility, are also considered. The different possible catalytic electrodes needed to create a Saccharide Fuel Cell are discussed. Three options are considered: Microbiological, Enzymatic and Inorganic. None of the available catalytic electrodes has satisfactory performance. We conclude that since sacharides are human friendly, abundant, have high-energy content and are relatively easy to extract, efforts should be given to develop a Saccharide Fuel Cell. These fuel cells have the potential to become the basis of a decentralized power economy and open economical ways to deal with the environmental problems caused by organic wastes. The concept exposed in this paper will be tested in a Pilot-Demonstration Project, planned in the Agan Beit Natufa (ABN) region in Israel. We estimate a production of about 11 GWh/year from this project.

scholarly journals Justification of human nature. Universalism and cultural diversity from the point of view of modern science

KANT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
Alexander Brodsky
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
And Behavior

In this article the author is going to prove that all the data of recent decades obtained in the field of neurophysiology, linguistics, logic, semiotics and anthropology prove that the idea of a unite Human Nature, which was postulated by the Enlightenment, is not a fiction or even "abstraction", but a perfectly recognizable (though nondescript) reality. All humans are the same, and human nature does not depend on culture. However, the paper addresses not so much the data as their consequences. The universal Human Nature implies the existence of uniform standards of thinking and behavior (ethics), unaffiliated with historical experience, traditions, and beliefs. These standards are available to everyone. But they are unevenly implemented in various cultures due to various historical circumstances.

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