scholarly journals Iron content in the fruits of the grapevines and peach trees growing near the mining and smelting complex Bor, east Serbia

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sladjana Alagic ◽  
Snezana Tosic ◽  
Mile Dimitrijevic ◽  
Maja Nujkic
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Mining And Smelting ◽  
Vinifera Cultivar ◽  
Metallurgical Activities ◽  
Smelting Complex

The samples of fruits of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera, cultivar Tamjanika) and the peach tree (Prunus persica L. Batech) from the Bor region were analyzed using an ICP-OES to determine the content of iron (Fe). This was done in order to assess possible health risks related to this essential element; the region of Bor?s municipality is known as one of the most polluted areas in Serbia. The content of Fe in unwashed grapes seems not to be affected by the mining/metallurgical activities, as it was either in the normal concentration range or was at even lower than critical deficiency concentration in plants (21.8-98 mg/kg). The level of Fe in the samples of peaches ranged from 62.4 to 1418 mg/kg, which is much higher than that in grape samples and in one case, even higher than the phytotoxic threshold. The values of the enrichment factor (EF) were lower than 2 in the case of grape samples, while for peach samples, these values ranged from rather low (0.99) to extremely high (22.66). Based on the herein obtained results, in the region of Bor, it seems that the cultivation of grapevine should be favored over the cultivation of peach trees.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Genes Involved in Cold Hardiness of Peach Tree (Prunus persica) Shoots during Cold Acclimation and Deacclimation

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Duk Jun Yu ◽  
Sung Hoon Jun ◽  
Junhyung Park ◽  
Jung Hyun Kwon ◽  
Hee Jae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Triacylglycerol Lipase ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Peach Trees

We analyzed the transcriptomes in the shoots of five-year-old ‘Soomee’ peach trees (Prunus persica) during cold acclimation (CA), from early CA (end of October) to late CA (middle of January), and deacclimation (DA), from late CA to late DA (middle of March), to identify the genes involved in cold hardiness. Cold hardiness of the shoots increased from early to late CA, but decreased from late CA to late DA, as indicated by decreased and increased the median lethal temperature (LT50), respectively. Transcriptome analysis identified 17,208 assembled transcripts during all three stages. In total, 1891 and 3008 transcripts were differentially expressed with a |fold change| > 2 (p < 0.05) between early and late CA, and between late CA and late DA, respectively. Among them, 1522 and 2830, respectively, were functionally annotated with gene ontology (GO) terms having a greater proportion of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with molecular function than biological process or cellular component categories. The biochemical pathways best represented both periods from early to late CA and from late CA to late DA were ‘metabolic pathway’ and ‘biosynthesis of secondary metabolites’. We validated these transcriptomic results by performing reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction on the selected DEGs showing significant fold changes. The relative expressions of the selected DEGs were closely related to the LT50 values of the peach tree shoots: ‘Soomee’ shoots exhibited higher relative expressions of the selected DEGs than shoots of the less cold-hardy ‘Odoroki’ peach trees. Irrespective of the cultivar, the relative expressions of the DEGs that were up- and then down-regulated during CA, from early to late CA, and DA, from late CA to late DA, were more closely correlated with cold hardiness than those of the DEGs that were down- and then up-regulated. Therefore, our results suggest that the significantly up- and then down-regulated DEGs are associated with cold hardiness in peach tree shoots. These DEGs, including early light-induced protein 1, chloroplastic, 14-kDa proline-rich protein DC2.15, glutamate dehydrogenase 2, and triacylglycerol lipase 2, could be candidate genes to determine cold hardiness.

scholarly journals Analysis of the ‘A72’ Peach Tree Growth Habit and Its Inheritance in Progeny Obtained from Crosses of ‘A72’ with Columnar Peach Trees

2009 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyan Hu ◽  
Ralph Scorza
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Incomplete Dominance ◽  
First Report ◽  
New Information ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
The Relationship

Since the first report of the ‘A72’ semidwarf peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] tree in 1975, no new information has become available on this genotype. We evaluated the growth habit and verified the inheritance of ‘A72’ in a population of 220 progeny derived from self-pollination. Detailed tree and branch measurements revealed a unique forked-branch (FBR) character of the ‘A72’ (Nn) phenotype. The progeny segregated into 1 NN:2 Nn:1 nn. NN trees were indistinguishable from standard peach trees, Nn were FBR, and nn were dwarf. Hybrids between ‘A72’ and columnar (brbr) peach trees confirmed that FBR is inherited as a monogenic trait that appears to express incomplete dominance. ‘A72’ (Nn) trees were later blooming than sibling NN trees. The relationship (linkage or pleiotropy) between the growth habit of ‘A72’ and late bloom is not known. The structure of ‘A72’ trees presents new opportunities to breeder/geneticists, physiologists, and horticulturists to further explore the plasticity of peach tree growth and architecture that can be achieved through breeding. Applications of the ‘A72’ growth habit for commercial fruit production and as an ornamental, particularly in the dwarf form (nn) and in combination with the columnar tree (brbr) form, present opportunities that await exploration.

scholarly journals Impact of Fungal Gummosis on Peach Trees

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1141-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.G. Beckman ◽  
P.L. Pusey ◽  
P.F. Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dothidea ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Peach Trees

Peach tree fungal gummosis caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea [(Moug.:Fr.) Cos & de Not.] is widespread throughout the southeastern United States. Until recently, its economic impact on peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] has been impossible to estimate, since no effective controls were known. Significant, though not total, suppression of gummosis on `Summergold' peach trees was achieved with an intensive 5-year spray program with captafol. Captan was far less effective than captafol. Both trunk diameter and fruit yield were negatively correlated with disease severity. After eight growing seasons, trees treated with captafol were 18% larger than the untreated trees. Yield of mature captafol-treated trees was 40% to 60% high er than that of untreated ones. Following termination of the spray program after 5 years, disease severity gradually increased on both captafol- and captan-treated trees. However, through eight growing seasons, disease severity was significantly lower on captafol-treated trees. This study demonstrates that peach tree fungal gummosis significantly depresses tree growth and fruit yield on susceptible peach cultivars.

scholarly journals Orchard Floor Preparation Did Not Affect Early Peach Tree Performance on Aura Sandy Loam Soil

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Belding ◽  
Bradley A. Majek ◽  
Gail R.W. Lokaj ◽  
Jeffrey Hammerstedt ◽  
Albert O. Ayeni
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Peach Trees

Peach (Prunus persica) trees were established and grown from 1996 to 1999 at the Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Bridgeton, N.J., to compare performance under four methods of orchard floor preparation: flat no-till, flat cultivated, mound unmulched, and mound mulched orchard floors. The experimental site was flat and the soil was a well-drained Aura gravelly sandy loam (61% sand, 31% silt, 8% clay) with a pH of 6.5, cation exchange capacity 5.7, and organic matter content of 2.0%. Soil moisture holding and gas exchange capacity determine the efficacy of mounding in peach orchards. Under these conditions, the method of orchard floor preparation had no effect on peach tree trunk cross sectional area (TCSA), fruit number per tree, fruit size, and yield. Thus, without irrigation, there was no advantage to the early performance of peach trees associated with orchard floor mounding on Aura gravelly sandy loam when situated on a flat terrain.

scholarly journals Disease Resistance of ‘MP-29’, a Clonal Interspecific Hybrid Rootstock for Peach, in Post-release Trials

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-641
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Beckman ◽  
Philip A. Rollins ◽  
James Pitts ◽  
Dario J. Chavez ◽  
Jose X. Chaparro
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Clemson University ◽  
Usda Agricultural Research ◽  
Peach Trees

The primary focus of the stone fruit rootstock program at Byron, GA, has been the development of disease-resistant rootstocks for peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch). Historically peach tree short life (PTSL), aka bacterial canker complex, and Armillaria root rot (ARR) have been the two most important causes of premature mortality of commercial peach trees in the southeastern United States. Guardian®, a seedling peach rootstock, was cooperatively released in 1993 by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and Clemson University. It has since been widely adopted by the southeastern peach industry. As a result, trees losses to PTSL have declined sharply. However, Guardian, like most other peach seedling rootstocks, is susceptible to ARR. ARR has now moved to the forefront as the primary cause of premature peach tree death in the Southeast. In response to this threat, the USDA-ARS in cooperation with the University of Florida, released ‘Sharpe’, a plum hybrid rootstock in 2007. Despite its broad disease resistance, ‘Sharpe’ proved unsuited for widespread commercial utilization due to its relatively poor cropping performance. In 2011, ‘MP-29’, a semidwarf, clonal, plum × peach hybrid, was released for commercial trial. ‘MP-29’s broad disease and nematode resistance, in combination with its dwarfing ability and excellent productivity, offered great promise for use in this production area and in others suffering from similar issues. Since its release, testing of ‘MP-29’ has continued both in researcher and grower trials. To date, performance has exceeded all expectations.

scholarly journals Using a Chill Unit/Growing Degree Hour Model to Assess Spring Freeze Risks for `Redhaven' Peach Trees

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1382-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Logan ◽  
Dennis E. Deyton ◽  
David W. LockWood
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Peach Tree ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Growing Degree Hours ◽  
Chill Unit ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Peach Orchard

Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] production in Tennessee has declined since 1985 due to the occurrence of freezing temperatures that kill the buds, usually in the spring. Analyses of long-term (1951-89) daily temperature data from four locations in Tennessee were used to evaluate the freeze risks for `Redhaven' peach tree buds at those sites. A model using daily accumulated chill units and growing degree hours (base 4.4C air temperature) was used to estimate the dates to begin and end chill unit accumulations and the dates of full bloom of `Redhaven' peach trees for each year in the climatological record. The actual dates of freezes with air temperatures at or below –2.2C and the estimated bud developmental stage on the date of each freeze also were determined. The model was tested using peach orchard records and was found to be an improvement over using only freeze data. The model indicated that Spring Hill had the highest risk for peach production and Jackson the lowest. Recent problems with spring freezes at Knoxville and Spring Hill were due to later than normal freeze dates rather than earlier development of the `Redhaven' peach tree buds. At Springfield, the recent freeze problems were due to earlier breaking of rest, earlier full bloom, and later freezes.

Herbicide Effects on Weed Control and Shoot Growth of Young Apple (Malus sylvestris) and Peach (Prunus persica) Trees

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester L. Foy ◽  
Susan B. Harrison ◽  
Harold L. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
One Year ◽  
Broadleaf Species ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Peach Trees

Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Virginia to evaluate the following herbicides: alachlor, diphenamid, diuron, metolachlor, napropamide, norflurazon, oryzalin, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, pendimethalin, and simazine. One experiment involved newly-transplanted apple trees; the others, three in apple and one in peach trees, involved one-year-old trees. Treatments were applied in the spring (mid-April to early-May). Control of annual weed species was excellent with several treatments. A broader spectrum of weeds was controlled in several instances when the preemergence herbicides were used in combinations. Perennial species, particularly broadleaf species and johnsongrass, were released when annual species were suppressed by the herbicides. A rye cover crop in nontreated plots suppressed the growth of weeds. New shoot growth of newly-transplanted apple trees was increased with 3 of 20 herbicide treatments and scion circumference was increased with 11 of 20 herbicide treatments compared to the nontreated control. Growth of one-year-old apple trees was not affected. Scion circumference of one-year-old peach trees was increased with 25 of 33 herbicide treatments.

INDUSTRY-DRIVEN AND CIVIL SOCIETY-DRIVEN STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS IN THE IRON MINING AND SMELTING COMPLEX OF CORUMBÁ, BRAZIL

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 1450010 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA CECI MOTA ◽  
EMILIO LÈBRE LA ROVERE ◽  
ALBERTO FONSECA
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Environmental Assessments ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Iron Mining ◽  
Society Committee ◽  
Mining And Smelting ◽  
Smelting Complex

Historical records of socio-environmental impacts related to large-scale iron ore development in Brazil are driving different planning approaches in the burgeoning iron mining and smelting complex of Corumbá, located at the border of the Pantanal ecosystem in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Among the most relevant efforts are two strategic environmental assessments (SEA): one was led by a mining company and the other by a civil society committee. This paper assesses to what extent these SEAs can contribute to the mitigation of negative socio-environmental impacts of the Corumbá Complex. It also evaluates if the SEA methodologies meet a number of SEA Performance Criteria. The analyses, which were based on literature reviews and content analysis of the SEA documents, reveal that the two SEAs represent an important effort to incorporate environmental variables into more strategic levels of the Pantanal region's planning. Nonetheless, both SEAs have serious limitations, given that they are not formally nested in governmental policies, plans and programmes.

Early performance of micropropagated trees of several Malus and Prunus cultivars on their own roots

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 847-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Quamme ◽  
R. T. Brownlee
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Flesh Firmness ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Early Performance ◽  
Peach Trees

Early performance (6–8 yr) of Macspur McIntosh, Golden Delicious, and Spartan apple (Malus domestica Borkh.); Fairhaven peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.]; Montmorency sour cherry (P. cerasus L.); and Lambert sweet cherry (P. avium L.) trees, tissue cultured (TC) on their own roots, was compared with that of the same cultivars budded on commercially used rootstocks. TC trees of all apple cultivars were similar in size to trees budded on Antonovka seedling or M.4 and exceeded the size of trees budded on M.26. They were delayed in flowering and in cropping compared with trees budded on M.26 and M.4. No difference in titratable acidity, soluble solids, flesh firmness, weight, flavor, and color between fruit from TC trees and from trees on M.4 and Antonovka seedlings was detected in 1 yr of measurement. However, fruit from TC Golden Delicious was more russeted and fruit from TC Spartan had more soluble solids. The difference in fruit appearance between TC and budded trees may result from a root-stock effect or a difference in budwood source, because Spartan fruit from trees on M.4 was more russeted than Spartan fruit from TC trees, but was not different from Spartan fruit from trees on Antonovka seedling. Trees of Macspur McIntosh on TC M.26 and on stool-layered M.26 were similar in size and yield efficiency. TC Fairhaven was larger in size than Fairhaven on Siberian C seedling, but was less yield efficient. No difference in fruit size, flesh firmness, or color was detected between fruit harvested from peach trees on the different roots. Montmorency and Lambert TC and on F12/1 were similar in tree size, respectively, but Montmorency and Lambert TC were more yield efficient than on F12/1. Fruit of TC Lambert was lighter in color and had higher titratable acidity than that of Lambert on F12/1, perhaps a result of earlier fruit maturity. Key words: Apple, peach, sweet cherry, sour cherry, self-rooted, rootstocks

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