scholarly journals Mineralogical and crystallographic characteristics of bauxites from some Grebnik’s (Metohija, Serbia) ore deposits

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-61
Author(s):  
Zeljko Cvetkovic ◽  
Pavle Tancic
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Cell Dimensions ◽  
Crystallographic Characteristics ◽  
Bauxite Ore ◽  
Unit Cell Dimensions ◽  
Electro Corundum

Five typical bauxite samples from three ore deposits from the wider area of Grebnik Mt. (Metohija, Serbia) were examined with the optical microscopic, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and chemical methods. The occurrences in bauxites were studied and described and the presence of major minerals was determined: diaspore, boehmite and hematite; minor minerals: quartz, goethite, rutile, kaolinite and hydro-hematite; as well as anatase, brookite, magnetite and chromite, which occur only sporadically. According to the quantity of main Al-bearers, three types of bauxite ore were recognized: diaspore, boehmite and boehmite-diaspore. Unit cell dimensions of major minerals were determined, mostly with values within reference data. However, all of the studied hematites have smaller a0 and V0 values, most probably due to the substitution of Fe3+ by Al3+. All samples are further classified as iron-rich and ferritic bauxites. It was found that there were changes in origin conditions between major Al-hydroxides minerals and hematite, as well as between the diaspore and boehmite. Determined chemical compositions put this raw material into high-quality raw materials for obtaining the electro corundum and alumina. The synthesis of the obtained data indicate that Grebnik?s bauxites have some unique characteristics, more or less different from most of the World?s known bauxite ore deposits.

scholarly journals Palm Olein as Renewable Raw Materials for Industrial and Pharmaceutical Products Applications: Chemical Characterization and Physicochemical Properties Studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darfizzi Derawi ◽  
Bashar Mudhaffar Abdullah ◽  
Hasniza Zaman Huri ◽  
Rahimi M. Yusop ◽  
Jumat Salimon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Modification Process

Palm olein (POo) is widely produced as edible oil in tropical countries. POois considered as renewable raw material for the new industrial and pharmaceutical products synthesis based on its characterization. Palm olein was good on its viscosity index, oxidative stability, and flash and fire point. POocontained unsaturated triacylglycerols (TAGs): POO (33.3%); POP (29.6%) which plays an important role in chemical modification process to produce new industrial products. The double bond was detected on1H-NMR (5.3 ppm) and13C-NMR (130 ppm) spectra. The chemical compositions of POowere tested by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) techniques. This unsaturated oil is potentially to be used as renewable raw materials in chemical modification process to synthesise polyols, polyurethane, and biolubricant for industrial and pharmaceutical products application.

Using Calcium Carbide Slag as One of Calcium-Containing Raw Materials to Produce Cement Clinker

2013 ◽  
Vol 743-744 ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Li Wang ◽  
Shi Jie Dong ◽  
Lin Lin Liu ◽  
Su Ping Cui
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calcium Carbide ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Phase Constituent ◽  
Carbide Slag

Calcium carbide Slag is from CaC2 hydrolysis reaction and will do harm to land and make pollution. Calcium carbide slag can be a substitute for limestone to produce clinker with a high portion of CaO as an excellent calcium raw material. As a kind of industrial wastes, the properties of calcium carbide slag differentiate from that of natural limestone. In the present investigation, the modern analysis methods of XRF, XRD, DTA/TG, petrographic analysis were used to compare carbide slag and limestone, and the results showed that the main chemical compositions of the calcium carbide slag were basically the same with that of natural limestone. Comparing with limestone materials, calcium carbide slag had a higher content of CaO, and the main mineral phase constituent of limestone was CaCO3, whereas the main mineral of calcium carbide slag was Ca (OH)2 with a lower decomposition temperature. It has been found that under the same temperature the amount of C3S in the clinker of calcium carbide slag batching was slightly less than that of limestone batching.

Man-Made Waste as a Raw Material Base for the Production of Modern Construction Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
M.S. Saydumov ◽  
S.-A.Y. Murtazaev ◽  
A.Kh. Alaskhanov ◽  
I.S. Dagin ◽  
M.R. Nakhayev
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials

The results of tests of secondary construction materials derived from man-made materials are presented. The granulometric and chemical compositions of secondary products from technogenic raw materials are investigated. The analysis of local natural and man-made raw materials base of the Chechen Republic. The possibilities of using local natural raw materials (crushed stone from gravel, natural sand, gravel, gypsum, cement, etc.) in the technology of building composite materials are shown. The suitability and efficiency of the use of technogenic raw materials in concrete and mortar technology, justified by the complex economic and environmental effect of its use in the practice of building materials science, have been experimentally proved. It has been established that with the introduction of advanced innovations in the field of concrete science it is possible to produce competitive products that are not inferior to foreign analogues.

scholarly journals Production of spherical titanium alloy powders used in additive manufacturing from titanium scrap

2020 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 07008
Author(s):  
Taras Yanko ◽  
Viktor Brener ◽  
Olexandr Ovchinnikov
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Metal Powders ◽  
Hydrogen Recovery ◽  
Production Route ◽  
Actual Yield ◽  
Technical Solutions

The main materials for 3D printing of titanium are fine metal alloy powders from which produce final articles with required quality. These powders must have definite chemical compositions, physical/mechanical characteristics, and also necessary operational properties. Key parameters of titanium alloy powders are homogeneity of chemical compositions, microstructures as well as flow ability. Conventional atomisation methods for metal powders like GA, PREP, PA, etc, are complicated and sufficiently expensive. Alternative production route is usage of complex processing technology of titanium alloy scrap as initial raw material. Spheriodised powder manufacturing scheme which includes raw material preparation, preliminary and final treatments have been presented. At the first step titanium scrap was divided according to titanium alloy types, purified from contaminants and oxide films. Then prepared materials were converted to non-spherical powders with definite fractional compositions using hydrogenation/de-hydrogenation (HDH) method. Experimental HDH equipment allows close cycle of hydrogen recovery almost without losses. Obtained non-spherical powders were treated in the plasma unit yielding spherical titanium alloy. Offered technical solutions permit production of raw materials for 3D printing from scrap with high actual yield of required fractional compositions.

scholarly journals GENETIC MODEL OF LJUBIJA BRANDS DEPOSITS − RAW MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF MINERAL PIGMENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksej Milošević ◽  
Ranko Cvijić ◽  
Miodrag Čelebić ◽  
Žarko Kovačević
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Iron Mineral ◽  
Natural Iron ◽  
Iron Ore Deposits

Specific characteristics of iron ore deposits in Ljubija ore region are given by pelitoid iron ores (,,brand“) which occupy a substantial part of iron mineral resources, on which industrial production of natural iron oxide – pigments depends. This particular technology type of iron ore deposits, until recently was waste from mining production, and now when it is possible to implement new technological processes, that waste became an important commercial product. This paper presents the results of detailed geological research which lasted for a few years, as well as laboratory and tehnological tests. It presents the new data on the metallogenetic characteristics of the environment where iron oxides originate as a raw material for mineral pigments. In this paper, we answered and resolved dilemma about brand identity in adequate genetic iron types in Ljubija mining regions, about their specificity as well as the ore formations and geohistorical development. Through the technological characterization of the ore and its domain of application, we provide the basis for economic evaluation of the deposits of this very important mineral resource.

Ceramic Raw Materials

2016 ◽  
pp. 86-100
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Montana
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Ceramic Paste

Any ceramic object represents the result of a well-structured production chain starting with the localization and the exploitation of a suitable raw material and ending with the artisanship and craftsmanship of the potter. The study of ceramic raw materials has been increasingly regarded in archaeometric research as the best starting point for identifying local paste recipes for pottery diachronically produced in any historical period. The classification of a ceramic paste and its assignment to a production center can be established more easily when ceramic sherds, kiln wasters, and raw material are studied in combination. The reconstruction of the “production chain” should facilitate the study of specific kiln sites or wider regional ceramic circulation. The chapter deals with the most relevant compositional and physical properties of clayey ceramic raw materials. Mineralogical and chemical compositions are discussed together with some characteristic properties such as plasticity, swelling, flocculation, and experimental texts.

The External Shape of Human γ GI Immunoglobulin from Crystal Sections

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
L. W. Labaw
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Molecular Weight ◽  
Cell Dimensions ◽  
Unit Cell Dimensions ◽  
Crystallographic Axes

Crystals of a human γGl immunoglobulin have the external morphology of diamond shaped prisms. X-ray studies have shown them to be monoclinic, space group C2, with 2 molecules per unit cell. The unit cell dimensions are a = 194.1, b = 91.7, c = 51.6Å, 8 = 102°. The relatively large molecular weight of 151,000 and these unit cell dimensions made this a promising crystal to study in the EM.Crystals similar to those used in the x-ray studies were fixed at 5°C for three weeks in a solution of mother liquor containing 5 x 10-5M sodium phosphate, pH 7.0, and 0.03% glutaraldehyde. They were postfixed with 1% osmium tetroxide for 15 min. and embedded in Maraglas the usual way. Sections were cut perpendicular to the three crystallographic axes. Such a section cut with its plane perpendicular to the z direction is shown in Fig. 1.This projection of the crystal in the z direction shows periodicities in at least four different directions but these are only seen clearly by sighting obliquely along the micrograph.

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC MASSES: IMPROVEMENT BY COMPLEX MATERIAL ACTIVATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-351
Author(s):  
A. S. Mavlyanov ◽  
E. K. Sardarbekova
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sensitivity Coefficient ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Production Wastes ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Masses

Introduction. The objective of the research is to study the effect of the complex activation of the alumina raw material on the rheological properties of the ceramic mass. In addition, the authors investigate solutions for the application of optimal coagulation structures based on loams and ash together with plastic certificates.Materials and methods. The authors used the local forest like reserves of clay loams at the BashKarasu, ash fields of the Bishkek Central Heating Centre (BTEC) and plasticizer (sodium naphthenate obtained from alkaline chemical production wastes) as fibrous materials. Moreover, the authors defined technological properties of raw materials within standard laboratory methodology in accordance with current GOSTs.Results. The researchers tested plastic durability on variously prepared masses for the choice of optimal structures. The paper demonstrated the plastic durability of complexly activated compounds comparing with non-activated and mechanically activated compounds. The sensitivity coefficient increased the amount of clay loams by mechanically and complexly activated, which predetermined the possibility of intensifying the process of drying samples based on complexly activated masses.Discussion and conclusions. However, mechanical activation of clay material reduces the period of relaxation and increases the elasticity coefficient of ceramic masses by 1.8–3.4 times, meanwhile decreases elasticity, viscosity and the conventional power during molding, which generally worsens the molding properties of the masses. Сomplex activation of ash-clay material decreases the period of relaxation and provides an increase in elasticity, plasticity of ceramic masses by 46–47%, reduction in viscosity by 1.5–2 times, conventional power on molding by 37–122% in comparison with MA clay loams. Ceramic masses based on spacecraft alumina raw materials belong to the SMT with improved rheological properties; products based on them pass through the mouthpiece for 5–7 seconds.

ANALYSIS FOR POTENCY AND PRODUCTION OF GRANULE ORGANIC FERTILIZER BASED ON MANURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firman L. Sahwan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Natural Organic Material ◽  
Very High

Organic materials that are generally used as raw material for organic fertilizer granules (POG) is a natural organic material that has been degrade, smooth and dry. One of the main raw materials are always used with a very high percentage of usage, is manure. Manure potential in Indonesia is very high, amounting to 113.6 million tons per year, or 64.7 million tons per year to the island of Java. From this amount, it will be generated numbers POG production potential of 17.5 million tons per year (total Indonesia) or 9.9 million tons per year for the island of Java. While the realistic POG production predictions figures made from raw manure is 2.5 million tons annually, a figure that has been unable to meet the number requirement of POG greater than 4 million tons per year. Therefore, in producing POG, it should be to maximize the using of the potential of other organic materials so that the use of manure can be saved. With the use of a small amount of manure (maximum 30% for cow manure), it would be useful also to avoid the production of POG with high Fe content.keywods: organic material, manure, granule organic fertilizer

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