scholarly journals Palm Olein as Renewable Raw Materials for Industrial and Pharmaceutical Products Applications: Chemical Characterization and Physicochemical Properties Studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darfizzi Derawi ◽  
Bashar Mudhaffar Abdullah ◽  
Hasniza Zaman Huri ◽  
Rahimi M. Yusop ◽  
Jumat Salimon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Viscosity Index ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Modification Process

Palm olein (POo) is widely produced as edible oil in tropical countries. POois considered as renewable raw material for the new industrial and pharmaceutical products synthesis based on its characterization. Palm olein was good on its viscosity index, oxidative stability, and flash and fire point. POocontained unsaturated triacylglycerols (TAGs): POO (33.3%); POP (29.6%) which plays an important role in chemical modification process to produce new industrial products. The double bond was detected on1H-NMR (5.3 ppm) and13C-NMR (130 ppm) spectra. The chemical compositions of POowere tested by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) techniques. This unsaturated oil is potentially to be used as renewable raw materials in chemical modification process to synthesise polyols, polyurethane, and biolubricant for industrial and pharmaceutical products application.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity in the Chemical Composition of Biofertilizers, Potential Agronomic Use, and Heavy Metal Contents of Different Agro-Industrial Wastes

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Cajamarca ◽  
Douglas Martins ◽  
Juscimar da Silva ◽  
Mariana Fontenelle ◽  
Ítalo Guedes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Great Heterogeneity

Several agro-industrial, livestock, and food wastes can be recycled to create biofertilizers. This diversity of raw materials can result in nutritional imbalance and an increase in heavy metal content, which could make the final product unfeasible. Thus, the chemical characterization of the raw materials and their influence on the sustainable and safe production of biofertilizers need to be better understood. In this context, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the chemical characteristics of agro-industrial residues used in the manufacture of an aerobic liquid biofertilizer. We analyzed the macronutrient, micronutrient, and trace metal contents of seven waste products used as raw materials to create a biofertilizer. In addition, a survey of secondary biofertilizer data from different residues was carried out that showed great heterogeneity in the chemical compositions of these residues, which has a direct impact on the agronomic efficiency of these biofertilizers. The characterization revealed that some materials may be contaminants of the soil, due to high levels of trace metals, especially cadmium. We conclude that the generation of detailed inventories, such as those of the nutrient and heavy metal contents of the raw materials and biofertilizers produced, is indispensable for the correct recommendation of biologically-based inputs in agriculture.

Using Calcium Carbide Slag as One of Calcium-Containing Raw Materials to Produce Cement Clinker

2013 ◽  
Vol 743-744 ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Li Wang ◽  
Shi Jie Dong ◽  
Lin Lin Liu ◽  
Su Ping Cui
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calcium Carbide ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Phase Constituent ◽  
Carbide Slag

Calcium carbide Slag is from CaC2 hydrolysis reaction and will do harm to land and make pollution. Calcium carbide slag can be a substitute for limestone to produce clinker with a high portion of CaO as an excellent calcium raw material. As a kind of industrial wastes, the properties of calcium carbide slag differentiate from that of natural limestone. In the present investigation, the modern analysis methods of XRF, XRD, DTA/TG, petrographic analysis were used to compare carbide slag and limestone, and the results showed that the main chemical compositions of the calcium carbide slag were basically the same with that of natural limestone. Comparing with limestone materials, calcium carbide slag had a higher content of CaO, and the main mineral phase constituent of limestone was CaCO3, whereas the main mineral of calcium carbide slag was Ca (OH)2 with a lower decomposition temperature. It has been found that under the same temperature the amount of C3S in the clinker of calcium carbide slag batching was slightly less than that of limestone batching.

scholarly journals Development of Innovative Polyol Systems From Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate and Renewable Raw Materials for Rigid Polyurethane Foams

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Aiga Ivdre
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Renewable Raw Material ◽  
Pu Foams

The Thesis aims to develop innovative polyols suitable for the production of rigid PU foam from recycled PET flakes and renewable raw material resources (rapeseed oil and tall oil) and to evaluate the effect of polyols on the most important properties of rigid PU foams as a thermal insulation material.

scholarly journals PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF EGG SHELL BHASMA BY USING MODERN ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 51-53
Author(s):  
Kundan Patil
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Modern Analytical

Calcium is one of the essential elements for living beings. As a supplement, it is used to treat Calcium deficiencies due to a calcium deficient diet. In Rasaratnasamuchchaya Calcium bhasma (Eggshell bhasma) is included as a rich calcium supplement. There is a need for work on the determination of the percentage of Calcium in the eggshell and its limit of acceptance. Easy absorption of bhasma in the body is possible when its preparation is carried out in an acidic medium. Lemon juice is one of the acidic mediums employed for this purpose at pH 2.4. The eggshell powder is subjected to five calcination cycles to convert it into the Bhasma. Analysis of Eggshell Bhasma has been done by various modern analytical techniques to determine its exact chemical compositions. Various instrumental methods like XRD, FTIR, and SEM have been incorporated for analysis of raw materials, intermediates as well as final products. The calcium carbonate present in eggshells is in calcite form. In the present work, structural and chemical characterization of eggshell bhasma was carried out to develop an analytical profile of it.

scholarly journals The Potential of Selected Agri-Food Loss and Waste to Contribute to a Circular Economy: Applications in the Food, Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Industries

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 515
Author(s):  
Lady Laura Del Rio Osorio ◽  
Edwin Flórez-López ◽  
Carlos David Grande-Tovar
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Food Loss ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Scarcity Of Resources ◽  
By Products

The food sector includes several large industries such as canned food, pasta, flour, frozen products, and beverages. Those industries transform agricultural raw materials into added-value products. The fruit and vegetable industry is the largest and fastest-growing segment of the world agricultural production market, which commercialize various products such as juices, jams, and dehydrated products, followed by the cereal industry products such as chocolate, beer, and vegetable oils are produced. Similarly, the root and tuber industry produces flours and starches essential for the daily diet due to their high carbohydrate content. However, the processing of these foods generates a large amount of waste several times improperly disposed of in landfills. Due to the increase in the world’s population, the indiscriminate use of natural resources generates waste and food supply limitations due to the scarcity of resources, increasing hunger worldwide. The circular economy offers various tools for raising awareness for the recovery of waste, one of the best alternatives to mitigate the excessive consumption of raw materials and reduce waste. The loss and waste of food as a raw material offers bioactive compounds, enzymes, and nutrients that add value to the food cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. This paper systematically reviewed literature with different food loss and waste by-products as animal feed, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products that strongly contribute to the paradigm shift to a circular economy. Additionally, this review compiles studies related to the integral recovery of by-products from the processing of fruits, vegetables, tubers, cereals, and legumes from the food industry, with the potential in SARS-CoV-2 disease and bacterial diseases treatment.

scholarly journals Mineralogical and crystallographic characteristics of bauxites from some Grebnik’s (Metohija, Serbia) ore deposits

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-61
Author(s):  
Zeljko Cvetkovic ◽  
Pavle Tancic
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Cell Dimensions ◽  
Crystallographic Characteristics ◽  
Bauxite Ore ◽  
Unit Cell Dimensions ◽  
Electro Corundum

Five typical bauxite samples from three ore deposits from the wider area of Grebnik Mt. (Metohija, Serbia) were examined with the optical microscopic, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and chemical methods. The occurrences in bauxites were studied and described and the presence of major minerals was determined: diaspore, boehmite and hematite; minor minerals: quartz, goethite, rutile, kaolinite and hydro-hematite; as well as anatase, brookite, magnetite and chromite, which occur only sporadically. According to the quantity of main Al-bearers, three types of bauxite ore were recognized: diaspore, boehmite and boehmite-diaspore. Unit cell dimensions of major minerals were determined, mostly with values within reference data. However, all of the studied hematites have smaller a0 and V0 values, most probably due to the substitution of Fe3+ by Al3+. All samples are further classified as iron-rich and ferritic bauxites. It was found that there were changes in origin conditions between major Al-hydroxides minerals and hematite, as well as between the diaspore and boehmite. Determined chemical compositions put this raw material into high-quality raw materials for obtaining the electro corundum and alumina. The synthesis of the obtained data indicate that Grebnik?s bauxites have some unique characteristics, more or less different from most of the World?s known bauxite ore deposits.

scholarly journals Biorefineries: Relocating Biomass Refineries to the Rural Area

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franka Papendiek ◽  
Hans-Peter Ende ◽  
Uta Steinhardt ◽  
Huber Wiggering
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Platform Chemicals ◽  
Food And Feeding ◽  
To Come ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
On Farm

The field for application of biomass is rising. The demand for food and feeding stuff rises while at the same time energy, chemicals and other materials also need to be produced from biomass because of decreasing fossil resources. However, the biorefinery ideas and concepts can help to use the limited renewable raw materials more efficiently than today. With biorefineries, valuable products, such as platform chemicals, can be produced from agricultural feedstock, which can subsequently be further processed into a variety of substances by the chemical industry. Due to the role they play as producers of biomass, rural areas will grow in importance in the decades to come. Parts of the biorefinery process can be relocated to the rural areas to bring a high added value to these regions. By refining biomass at the place of production, new economic opportunities may arise for agriculturists, and the industry gets high-grade pre-products. Additionally, an on-farm refining can increase the quality of the products because of the instant processing. To reduce competition with the food production and to find new possibilities of utilisation for these habitats, the focus for new agricultural biomass should be on grasslands. But also croplands can provide more renewable raw materials without endangering a sustainable agriculture, e.g. by implementing legumes in the crop rotation. To decide if a region can provide adequate amounts of raw material for a biorefinery, new raw material assessment procedures have to be developed. In doing so, involvement of farmers is inevitable to generate a reliable study of the biomass refinery potentials.

Man-Made Waste as a Raw Material Base for the Production of Modern Construction Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
M.S. Saydumov ◽  
S.-A.Y. Murtazaev ◽  
A.Kh. Alaskhanov ◽  
I.S. Dagin ◽  
M.R. Nakhayev
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials

The results of tests of secondary construction materials derived from man-made materials are presented. The granulometric and chemical compositions of secondary products from technogenic raw materials are investigated. The analysis of local natural and man-made raw materials base of the Chechen Republic. The possibilities of using local natural raw materials (crushed stone from gravel, natural sand, gravel, gypsum, cement, etc.) in the technology of building composite materials are shown. The suitability and efficiency of the use of technogenic raw materials in concrete and mortar technology, justified by the complex economic and environmental effect of its use in the practice of building materials science, have been experimentally proved. It has been established that with the introduction of advanced innovations in the field of concrete science it is possible to produce competitive products that are not inferior to foreign analogues.

scholarly journals Production of spherical titanium alloy powders used in additive manufacturing from titanium scrap

2020 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 07008
Author(s):  
Taras Yanko ◽  
Viktor Brener ◽  
Olexandr Ovchinnikov
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Metal Powders ◽  
Hydrogen Recovery ◽  
Production Route ◽  
Actual Yield ◽  
Technical Solutions

The main materials for 3D printing of titanium are fine metal alloy powders from which produce final articles with required quality. These powders must have definite chemical compositions, physical/mechanical characteristics, and also necessary operational properties. Key parameters of titanium alloy powders are homogeneity of chemical compositions, microstructures as well as flow ability. Conventional atomisation methods for metal powders like GA, PREP, PA, etc, are complicated and sufficiently expensive. Alternative production route is usage of complex processing technology of titanium alloy scrap as initial raw material. Spheriodised powder manufacturing scheme which includes raw material preparation, preliminary and final treatments have been presented. At the first step titanium scrap was divided according to titanium alloy types, purified from contaminants and oxide films. Then prepared materials were converted to non-spherical powders with definite fractional compositions using hydrogenation/de-hydrogenation (HDH) method. Experimental HDH equipment allows close cycle of hydrogen recovery almost without losses. Obtained non-spherical powders were treated in the plasma unit yielding spherical titanium alloy. Offered technical solutions permit production of raw materials for 3D printing from scrap with high actual yield of required fractional compositions.

Nowe surowce roślinne w Farmakopei Europejskiej. Część 3. Ligusticum chuanxiong (Podagrycznik chiński) – zródło nowego surowca olejkowego

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halina Ekiert ◽  
Agnieszka Sondej ◽  
Karolina Jafernik ◽  
Agnieszka Szopa
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Ligusticum Chuanxiong ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bupleuri Radix

The European Pharmacopoeia, Supplement 9.4, one of the newest published pharmacopoeial documents, besides new saponin-bearing raw materials (Bupleuri radix and Platycodi radix) characterized in part 1 and 2 of the series of articles, lists also other new plant raw materials, long known in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) but earlier unknown in official European medicine. Part 3 of the series of articles presents botanical, ecological and chemical characterization of Ligusticum chuanxiong – Sechuan lovage. Rhizome of this species – Ligustici chuanxiong rhizoma is an essential oil-bearing raw material that has long been used in TCM to treat most of all different gynecological ailments and pain of different etiologies. Professional scientific studies documented a wide range of its possible therapeutic applications, e.g. improvement of the cardiovascular system function, and its antioxidant and anticancer properties. A review of pharmacological studies of this raw material was subject to most attention in the article. The aim of the article is to present basic knowledge on Sechuan lovage, which appears indispensable in professional contacts of pharmacists, medical doctors and phytotherapists with patients.

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