scholarly journals Organisation of procurement in wood supply chain: Improvement of possibilities in the South Morava Forest Area

2018 ◽  
pp. 97-118
Author(s):  
Dragan Nonic ◽  
Jelena Nedeljkovic ◽  
Dragan Mihajlovic ◽  
Nenad Rankovic ◽  
Branko Glavonjic
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Public Enterprise ◽  
Business Success ◽  
The South ◽  
Private Forests ◽  
Procurement Process ◽  
Wood Processing

The procurement process is of great importance for the business success of the company. The effectiveness of a business depends to a great extent on the ability to use the environment in the procurement of resources necessary for functioning. The aim of the research is to identify the main problems in forest management in the South Morava Forest Area (SMFA), in the production and sales of beech roundwood, as well as to determinate the characteristics of the companies and the organization of the raw materials procurement process. The data were collected in the period 2014- 2017, by surveying 13 representatives of small and medium enterprises and 1 large company and interviewing 5 employees of Forest Estate ?Vranje? (Public enterprise ?Srbijasume?). The current situation in the SMFA is characterized by an unfavourable structure of beech coppice forests, inadequate forest openness and low wood mobilization from private forests. Analyzed companies are, mostly, micro and small (79.0%), founded (64.3%) less than 10 years ago, and 50% of them are engaged in sawmill and wood processing. All companies purchase and use beech technical roundwood. Wood raw material is purchased from the public and private sectors. Transport of raw materials is carried out through intermediaries (92.9%) and on ?bad? and ?very bad? (71.0%) infrastructure. However, the majority (92.9%) of them are ?partially satisfied? and ?satisfied? with the quantity and quality of delivered raw materials. There is a significant presence (86.0%) of enterprises, which, in addition to technical roundwood, procure and use other wood products (fibreboards and other reproduction materials) from suppliers from other regions. Based on the analysis of all collected data, places for improvement of wood raw materials procurement and the weaknesses of existing supply chains have been defined, as well as the proposals for improving the organization of the procurement of wood raw materials at SMFA.

scholarly journals An analysis of briquette value chain at the Limsko forest area

2015 ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Nenad Rankovic ◽  
Dragan Nonic ◽  
Jelena Nedeljkovic ◽  
Aleksandar Music
Keyword(s):  
Value Creation ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprise ◽  
Complex Processes

Value creation represents an increase in the value of assets in the manufacturing process. Business processes that lead to value creation can be presented as a value chain. For wood products, total value creation takes place in the complex processes of production and exchange between forestry and timber industry. The research on the use of biomass for energy purposes is increasing in recent decades. Within the research on value chain, in our country were, to less extent were represented those related to woody biomass products. In this sense, the aim of the research is to determine the organization of woody biomass products (briquettes) value chain and its analysis in the Limsko forest area. A ?door-to-door? survey was used as a research technique. Data collection was conducted in the period from April to May of 2013. In total, 19 representatives of enterprises, which are participants in the woody biomass products value chain in the Limsko forest area were surveyed. Manufacturing enterprise, located in Nova Varos, was analysed as the main participant in this chain. In addition, its suppliers (15), wholesaler (1), retailer (1), and consumer (1) were analysed. The manufacturing enterprise exclusively used raw material produced in sawmills. The results indicate that an increase in value occurs, primarily, during the transportation of raw materials from sawmill to the manufacturing enterprise. The next increase in value occurs during the storage of raw materials within the manufacturing enterprise and with the emergence of new stages in the production process, as well as during the transportation of products to the wholesaler, retailer and consumer.

scholarly journals WOOD COMPONENTS AS SOURCES OF PENTO-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS FOR SYNTHESIS OF USEFUL COMPOUNDS, PRODUCTS AND REAGENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Irina A. Chetvertneva ◽  
Oleg Kh. Karimov ◽  
Galina A. Teptereva ◽  
Natalia S. Tivas ◽  
Eldar M. Movsumzade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Monomer Unit ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Wood Processing

The paper considers the main components and products of wood processing, agricultural waste, pulp and paper industry waste and qualifies them as sources of pentose-containing resource-renewable domestic raw materials. The article describes in detail the structural components of wood as a natural polymer, which contains aromatic and carbohydrate parts. It is noted that these poly-mers are promising as raw materials for the production of useful chemical products. The role of lignin, cellolose and hemicellulose in the design of mechanical and structural properties of wood is considered. The article considers the features of the sulfonation reactions of the lignin monomer unit depending on the pH of the medium: acidic, neutral and alkaline. There are three main reac-tions that occur simultaneously with lignin in the process of wood delignification during sulfite cooking, such as the sulfonation reaction, the hydrolytic destruction reaction, and the condensation reaction. It is shown that the lignin-hemicellulose matrix contains three types of interconnected mesh structures: the lignin itself; a network of covalent bonds of lignin with hemicelluloses, and a network whose structure is obtained due to the hydrogen bond and the forces of the physical inter-action of lignin and hemicelluloses. The features of chemical transformations of the monomeric aromatic link of lignosulfonate – phenylpropane unit in the processes of wood delignification, the main chemical reactions of wood raw material delignification under the conditions of sulfite and neutral-sulfite brews are shown. The method of quantitative determination of monosaccharides in the composition of the carbohydrate part is proposed.

Raw material factors affecting the quota of structural wood in sawmill production

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 124-130
Author(s):  
MAREK WIERUSZEWSKI ◽  
RADOSŁAW MIRSKI ◽  
ADRIAN TROCIŃSKI
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Research Technology ◽  
Main Indicator ◽  
Round Wood

Construction wood has to meet high requirements for loads capacity. Thanks to the selection and adequate classification of raw materials it is possible to decide how specific wood products can and should be used. The usage of solid wood for structural elements purposes has been precisely classified and specified in standardized requirements. Twelve classes of structural timber, ranging from C14 to C50, have been identified for softwood. Only part of Polish raw wood meets the standards of strength classes required in the building industry, as its strength corresponds to classes C24 and C30. A conclusion from research on the assortment structure of the raw materials in Poland was formed that it is particularly important to sort wood effectively according to its quality and intended use during processing. The material and strength efficiency is the main indicator of rational use of wood. The research resulted in setting the initial classification limits of selected round wood groups according to its strength. Properties determining the possibilities of obtaining a high quality product from the available raw wood material were taken into account in the research. Crucial factor was to select the proper research technology of determining dependencies between the applied research methodology and the defined wood quality, sorting class and strength class. The lower limit of availability of raw material with appropriate technical characteristics is determined during the selection of the research formula.

Green gold of Africa – Can growing native bamboo in Ethiopia become a commercially viable business?

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (05) ◽  
pp. 628-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Böck
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Subtropical Zone ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Increasing Demand

With concerns about climate change and the search for sustainable construction materials, significant attention is now being paid to Africa's natural resources. Ethiopia, known as Africa's political capital, has a rapidly expanding economy with increasing demand for new construction materials. Through public private partnerships projects the country is developing a sustainable business model to promote bamboo as a raw material. The subtropical zone of Ethiopia is home to approximately 65% of Africa's bamboo resources, an area of over 1 million hectares. Bamboo is potentially an ideal source of local, sustainable purpose-engineered building materials for growing cities not only in Ethiopia but across Africa. Production of conventional construction materials such as steel and concrete is expensive, highly energy intensive and unsustainable, requiring large quantities of water and is strongly dependent on imported raw materials. Bamboo is a renewable building material widely cultivated in Ethiopia but not yet utilized in modern construction. Structural Bamboo Products (SBP), similar to engineered wood products, have excellent potential to partially replace the use of more energy-intensive materials. Projects such as African Bamboo are taking steps in managing, cultivating and using Ethiopian bamboo species to help mitigate rapid deforestation in East Africa by creating alternative “wood” sources and sustainable business opportunities.

scholarly journals PHOSPHORITE ORES OF THE SOUTH URALS AS AN AGROCHEMICAL RAW MATERIAL: GEOLOGY, COMPOSITION, STATE OF KNOWLEDGE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Mustafin ◽  
◽  
A.V. Rasskazov ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
South Urals ◽  
The South ◽  
Integrated Development ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Development Prospects

The state and prospects of development of phosphorite ore resources as agrochemical raw materials of the Russian Federation are analyzed. The geological structure, composition of ores and the prospects for forecasting, assessing and integrated development of phosphorite deposits of the South Ural phosphorite basin are characterized.

scholarly journals Variability of the Lithic Raw Material in the Upper and Late Palaeolithic sites in Southeastern Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Dariusz Bobak ◽  
Marta Połtowicz-Bobak
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Stone Tool ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
The South ◽  
Tool Manufacture ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
Later Phase ◽  
Late Palaeolithic ◽  
Lithic Raw Material

In terms of supply of good quality raw materials for stone tool manufacture, the area of southeastern Poland is rather poor. Considering research conducted so far, there are only few sites that can be the basis for analysis. Nevertheless, certain phenomena seem to be characteristic on sites in southeastern Poland in the later phase of the Upper Palaeolithic and in the Late Palaeolithic. There are usually more than one kind of raw material present. Apart from local erratic flint, imported Świeciechów (grey white-spotted) and ‘chocolate’ flint dominate. The presence of both Jurassic (areas near Cracow) and Volhynian flints are poorly recorded, whereas resources from the south are almost absent. These imported raw materials indicate the existence of particularly strong relations linking the areas of southeastern Poland with the Sandomierz Upland, and much weaker relationships with the territories of Lesser Poland and Western Ukraine

scholarly journals Wood Manufacturing and Furniture Industry in Lithuania

2017 ◽  
pp. 234-246
Author(s):  
Lilija Kalėdienė ◽  
Ernesta Lubytė ◽  
Vilmantė Karlavičienė
Keyword(s):  
Wood Products ◽  
Furniture Industry ◽  
Private Forests ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Product Manufacturing ◽  
Traditional Industry ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Similar Growth ◽  
Wood Manufacturing

Wood manufacturing and furniture industry is a very old and traditional industry in Lithuania. This is because the processing of wood in Lithuania are favorable conditions, nearly a third of Lithuania‘s territory is covered with forests. In 2009, the state owned 1065 thousand ha or 49% of the forests. The other part consists of private forests and woodlands intended for privatization (restitution). In early 2010, 2815 companies of various sizes were engaged in manufacturing of wood products. The number of companies has slightly decreased recently, their specializations have undergone changes. Export of Lithuanian wood products was increasing for a number of years and reached EUR 1.4 billion in 2007. Import experienced similar growth and reached EUR 900 million in the same year. The share of wood products in the whole export in 2007 accounted for 11.9%, in 2009 it dropped down to 10.3%. Wood processing industry, product manufacturing process creates a lot of waste. Some are harmless, others - hazardous, the latter must be given special attention. , the wood products industry and its manufacturing processes at the beginning of 2009 were raised to 42,797 tons of various industrial wood wastes. 2009 year-end balance of wood industry waste was 43,089 tones. Hazardous waste in early 2009 was 285 tons, and at the end of the year - 2,532 tons.

The Macro Dimensions of Chile's Export Dilemma

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1850182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Arroyo ◽  
John C. Edmunds
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Export Industry ◽  
Corporate Strategies ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Unit Value ◽  
Long Run

The success of Chile's economy in the past decades is relevant to the efforts of other emerging countries to achieve rapid economic growth. One of Chile's main accomplishments has been a steady increase in exports. The increase was in physical volume of exports, not in unit value. This increase was the result of a correct strategy of opening the economy, which permitted the more competitive Chilean businesses to access external markets. This strategy may be reaching a point of diminishing returns, so the dilemma that Chile now faces is relevant to other emerging countries as they try to grow their economies rapidly. To achieve significant further growth in the long run, Chile needs to move into new kinds of business opportunities, in categories and areas where it has not established a foothold. To break into these new areas, Chile has to develop new capabilities and new strategies. The old way of growing the economy is running into constraints. The data is about Chile's wood products export industry, which is the country's most successful in terms of adding value as measured by macro metrics. That export industry is not as well known as Chile's wine and fresh fruit export industries but has a more impressive record. The firms in Chile's wood export industry, despite being successful in increasing the dollar value of products exported, have not been able to make themselves competitive in stages of wood production beyond basic and repetitive processes. Other emerging countries are facing the same challenge. Chilean wood products exporting firms in Chile have been slow to respond to signals from the market. They have not been able to achieve high standards of quality or precision, and they have worked only with local raw materials. These firms have attempted to export manufactured products, but these attempts have failed. For those reasons many observers argue that the advantage in the market that these firms enjoy is due to superior endowments of natural resources rather than to corporate strategies. High raw material prices have not triggered a new chapter in this history. On the contrary, this comfortable situation has lulled the country into complacency. Other countries were in the same comfortable situation and now the financial crisis has intervened. Chile's present slow growth is discouraging but might prod the country to achieve greater sophistication in exporting goods and services.

scholarly journals On the reconstruction of prehistoric social territories: The La Désirade lithic workshops and the distribution of La Désirade chert (French West Indies)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maaike De Waal ◽  
Sebastiaan Knippenberg
Keyword(s):  
West Indies ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Small Island ◽  
The South ◽  
French West Indies ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Procurement Strategy

The widespread presence of raw materials suitable for the production of stone tools on the south-eastern part of La Désirade, a small island east of Guadeloupe (French West Indies), is an interesting feature as these materials cannot be obtained on most of the neighbouring limestone islands. Small amounts of lithic off-site material have been found all over the south-eastern part of La Désirade, indicating that this area was incidentally used for the exploitation of local raw materials for the production of lithic artefacts. Concentrated and repeated activity, related to the exploitation of La Désirade chert, took place at four lithic workshops. This paper aims to reconstruct social and economic patterns, which may shed a light on prehistoric Amerindian territoriality and mobility, based on the exploitation and distribution of this local raw material. An inventory was made of sites where La Désirade chert was exploited and worked and of sites where this material showed up in the form of worked items. The La Désirade chert has been found in several prehistoric site assemblages outside La Désirade itself. However, it turns out to have a very restricted distribution, not exceeding 30 km distances from the raw material occurrences. The authors concluded that exploiting these sources may have been embedded in the general procurement strategy of the seafaring communities involved and that the observed distribution may demonstrate the extent of the territory of closely related communities that exploited a similar catchment area.

scholarly journals Clay Raw Material of Medieval Pontic Amphorae (to the Question about Production Areas)

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Sukhanov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
The South ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Ancient Trade ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Geological Formations ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Introduction. Amphorae is a significant part of pottery from the early medieval sites of Pontic region. They are traditionally considered as important source for analyzing the chronology, directions and intensity of ancient trade links. The paper is devoted to comparative analysis of clay raw material used for making medieval pontic amphorae. These ceramic containers are wide spread in the sites of the 8th - 10th centuries in Crimea, Taman, the Don and the Volga river basins and in other areas. Methods and materials. Two groups of sources were investigated. The first group contains samples from 280 amphorae found on settlement sites of Saltovo-Mayaki times in the Middle and Lower Don basin. These samples have been сollected by the author in the museum funds of Southern regions of Russia. The second group is represented by samples of clay raw material from Southern part of Crimea where pontic amphorae production centers were located (the foothills and Southern coast). We used A.A. Bobrinsky’s method for determining different regions for digging of main plastic raw material by analyzing the ceramic under a stereoscopic microscope. Results. The main result of study is allocation of two kinds of raw materials which were used for pontic amphorae making (about 84 % of studied vessels). After comparing these raw material kinds with Crimean samples, their connection with different areas was clarified. These areas belong to different geological formations. The first area is in the South-Western Crimea, and the second area covers the Southern and South-Eastern Crimean coast, to the South of the ridge of the Crimean mountains. The conducted research allowed obtaining interesting data which need to be further proved by the methods of archaeometry.

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