scholarly journals Hydrophytometeorological indexes of Virginia type tobacco

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroljub Aksic ◽  
Nebojsa Deletic ◽  
Nebojsa Gudzic ◽  
Slavisa Gudzic ◽  
Slavisa Stojkovic
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Type Water

The field trial of Virginia type tobacco (Hevesi-9) was set in irrigation conditions, in the vicinity of Brzi Brod village, Nisava River's valley, on the alluvium soil type. Water consumption for evapotranspiration, at the irrigated variant and the control one, was calculated for each month and the whole vegetation period, by making the balance between water consumption from the soil layer to 2m under the ground, total precipitation amount in the vegetation and water added by irrigation. Hydro-phyto-meteorological indexes of Virginia type tobacco were calculated in regard to air temperature, relative air humidity, air humidity deficiency, sunshine duration and global radiation. Among the six meteorological elements (the above mentioned five and wind speed) analyzed in the studied period, the highest level of correlation with tobacco ETP was shown by air temperature (r=0.88), so the use of hydro-phytotermic index could be recommended for calculation of potential evapotranspiration in irrigation practice.

The effect of grass transpiration on the air temperature

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloslav Šír ◽  
Miroslav Tesař ◽  
Ľubomír Lichner ◽  
Henryk Czachor
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Maximum Intensity ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Brown Forest Soil ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Avenella Flexuosa ◽  
Daily Total

AbstractOscillations of the air temperature and tensiometric pressure of the soil water were measured in the experimental slope Tomšovka (Czech Republic, Jizera Mts, 822 m a.s.l.). The brown forest soil (Dystric Cambisols) is covered with Calamagrostis villosa, Avenella flexuosa and Vaccinium myrtilus. Thermometers were placed at a height of 5 and 200 cm above the grassland. The tensiometer was installed in the root zone of grass at a depth of 15 cm. Oscillations in a cloudless day, August 24, 2001, (sunshine duration 12.1 hour/day, daily total of global radiation 22.4 MJ/m2/day, maximum intensity of global radiation 1008 W/m2, transpiration 13.7 MJ/m2/day) were analysed in detail. The oscillations with a period of about 30 to 60 minutes were recorded in the air temperature course taken from 11 am to 5 pm. At the height of 200 cm oscillations ranged from 24 to 28°C. Concurrently, in the depth of 15 cm, the oscillations of tensiometric pressure in the range of −6 to −11 kPa were recorded from 8 am to 4 pm. It was concluded that the oscillations in the air temperature resulted from autonomous and self-regulated oscillations in the intensity of transpiration. It is evident that the 2-m air temperature was significantly influenced by transpiration of plants around the large area. The fact that the air temperature oscillated sharply confirms that the rate of transpiration was synchronized in this area. Vegetative cover thus created a self-regulated superorganism that substantially affected the temperature of the near-ground atmosphere layer.

Features of impulse sprinkling technology

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1178-1184
Author(s):  
Ye. V. Angold ◽  
V. A. Zharkov ◽  
A. A. Kalashnikov ◽  
N. N. Balgabayev
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Applied Technology ◽  
The Given

The principle of non-stop water supply to plants and soil in accordance with their water intake is progressive. Drip irrigation and impulse sprinkling correspond to this principle. Drip irrigation provides optimal water and nutrient regimes directly to the root system of plants. However, this irrigation is not effective enough under conditions of high temperature (over 25–35 °C) as growth processes are known to slow down and photosynthesis to cease, consequently affecting the yielding capacity. Impulse sprinkling provides optimal moisture level in the given layer, improved microclimate in the plant environment and water regime of plants within the whole vegetation period and is most effective within daytime. Through improvement of microclimate and plants' water regime within periods of high temperature and low air humidity under the conditions of South Kazakhstan, the technology of impulse sprinkling enabled increasing productivity of a clonal rootstock mother plantation for the 3 years of research on average by 19.4% compared to regular sprinkling. The applied technology provided optimization of layers' growth and development conditions upon decrease of the moistening of the soil layer of mother plantation bushes for derogation of their water regime after hilling the grown root layers.

scholarly journals Climate of submontane location Stará Lesná (1988–2013)

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-113
Author(s):  
Svetlana Bíčárová ◽  
Jozef Mačutek ◽  
Dušan Bilčík
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Growing Season Length ◽  
Meteorological Observatory ◽  
Tatra Mts

Abstract This paper focuses on evaluation of climatic data obtained at Meteorological Observatory GPI SAS Stará Lesná according to the classical daily observations carried out for period 1988-2013. Location is situated at the foothills of the High Tatra Mts. and represents submontane climate zone favourable for temperate coniferous and mixed forest vegetation. According to observations climate of Star´a Lesná is characterized by average annual air temperature 5.9 °C that seasonally varies from -3.5 °C (DJF) to 15.2 °C (JJA). Air-temperature extremes range between -26.5 and 34.2 °C. Daily air temperature maxima and derived indices such as the number of summer days indicate moderate warming during last decade. Growing season length is about 195 days. Average annual precipitation is 744 mm, seasonal comparison shows nearly twice more precipitation amount in summer than winter half year. Snow depth is 35 cm on average, extraordinary over 50 cm. Relative air humidity is about 78%. Wet periods lasted from 5 to 13 consecutive wet days; substantially longer are dry periods from 14 to 39 days. Average sunshine duration is 1806 hours per year. The number of sunny days is clearly lower than the number of cloudy days. Surface air pressure 920.4 hPa relates to altitudinal position of site. Wind blows mostly from the more open southern side. Although average wind speed is rather low (2.1 m/s), occurrence of strong wind gusts above 40 m/s can cause such a spatial destruction of natural environment as in November 2004

scholarly journals The soil water balance and the development of spring soft wheat under various cultivation technologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Belyaev ◽  
M. M. Silanteva ◽  
A. V. Matsyura ◽  
L. V. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat

The steppe zone has always attracted people with its resources, despite the fact that it is a zone of risky agriculture. In this research we discovered that soil water balance under the spring soft wheat was negative most of the time of the vegetation period in the Rebrikhinsky district of the Altai Region, and soil moisture consumption during the observation period depends on the technology options and an average values was in the range from 100.9 mm to 131.9 mm. An average soil moisture consumption was 42.5% of spring moisture reserves. In the plots where autumn soil cultivation was not carried out, the average water consumption for the vegetation period was 41.7% of the spring moisture reserves, while in those plots where it was 43.2%, i.e., only 1.5% more. The absence of both autumn and spring tillage led to the consumption of 38.8% moisture from spring soil moisture reserves during the growing season. In the case when only spring tillage was carried out, this value was 44.7%, and if both cultivations were carried out - 43.2%. The difference in the sowing rates practically did not affect the total moisture consumption from the soil, it amounted to 42.2-42.8% of the spring moisture reserves. The maximum difference in water consumption was found when comparing the equipment used for spring tillage and sowing. So, when using Catros and DMC-9000, respectively, an average of 47.5% of spring moisture reserves was spent during the growing season, while using Russian-made equipment – KPE-3,8 or BDM-6*4 and SZP-3.6А, it was 38.9%. The moisture reserves in the meter soil layer decreased in direct proportion to the increase in average plant height.

scholarly journals Solar and net radiation, available energy and its influence on evapotranspiration from grass.

1961 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
D.W. Scholte Ubing
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Water Vapour Pressure ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Available Energy

From studies on radiation and energy balance in the Netherlands it is concluded that reliable values for net radiation over 24-hr periods can be obtained by computation, if differences in the weather during day and night are taken into account. A comparison is given of measured net radiation above short grass with net radiation computed from air temperature, water vapour pressure in the air and sunshine duration. Variations in the nature of a cropped surface, as a consequence of variations in conditions of such a surface, may influence the radiation and energy balance. However, if soil moisture becomes less available for plant roots, soil moisture content has a much more important influence on the proportion of the available energy used in heating the soil, the air and in evapotranspiration than the type and nature of the soil cover. For daily and 24-hr periods with similar atmospheric conditions, a linear relationship between total global radiation and net radiation can be expected. The ratio between evapotranspiration from short grass under optimal water supply and the evaporation from a wet surface (or thin water layer) varied greatly for short periods of time under different conditions of radiation and temperature. These variations could be due to plant or weather factors influencing the stomatal apertures, although variations in stability of the lower air layers may have had some influence. Variations in intensity of potential and of maximum evapotranspiration rates and differences in the diurnal variations, as compared with the diurnal variation of net radiation, are shown. A decrease of actual evapotranspiration from crops as soil moisture becomes less available and, of course, the potential evapotranspiration rate, strongly depend on the net radiation gain. F. s.- R.B. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Maize transpiration in response to meteorological conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Klimešová ◽  
Hana Stŕedová ◽  
Tomáš Stŕeda
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Elements

Abstract Differences in transpiration of maize (Zea mays L.) plants in four soil moisture regimes were quantified in a pot experiment. The transpiration was measured by the “Stem Heat Balance” method. The dependence of transpiration on air temperature, air humidity, global solar radiation, soil moisture, wind speed and leaf surface temperature were quantified. Significant relationships among transpiration, global radiation and air temperature (in the first vegetation period in the drought non-stressed variant, r = 0.881**, r = 0.934**) were found. Conclusive dependence of transpiration on leaf temperature (r = 0.820**) and wind speed (r = 0.710**) was found. Transpiration was significantly influenced by soil moisture (r = 0.395**, r = 0.528**) under moderate and severe drought stress. The dependence of transpiration on meteorological factors decreased with increasing deficiency of water. Correlation between transpiration and plant dry matter weight (r = 0.997**), plant height (r = 0.973**) and weight of corn cob (r = 0.987**) was found. The results of instrumental measuring of field crops transpiration under diverse moisture conditions at a concurrent monitoring of the meteorological elements spectra are rather unique. These results will be utilized in the effort to make calculations of the evapotranspiration in computing models more accurate.

Irrigation regime and water consumption of potatoes in the Republic of Bashkortostan, depending on the reclamation condition of lands

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Guzel Gumerova ◽  
Georgiy Gulyuk ◽  
Dmitry Kucher ◽  
Anatoly Shuravilin ◽  
Elena Piven
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Total Water Consumption ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
The Republic

Data of long-term researches (2015–2018) in southern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan, is justified theoretically and experimentally the mode of irrigation of potatoes on leached chernozems of unsatisfactory, satisfactory and good ameliorative condition of irrigated lands. For the growing periods of potatoes with different heat and moisture supply, the number of watering, the timing of their implementation, irrigation and irrigation norms are established. On lands with unsatisfactory meliorative state the number of irrigation depending on weather conditions of potato vegetation period varied from 0 to 3 (1.5 on average) with average irrigation norm – 990 m3/ha. With satisfactory meliorative state of lands the number of irrigation on average increased from 0 to 4 (2.3 on average) with irrigation norm – 1305 m3/ha. On lands with good meliorative state the number of irrigation was the highest – from 1 to 5 (3 on average) with average irrigation irrigation norm is 1653 m3/ha. It was noted that in the dry periods of potato vegetation the greatest number of watering was carried out (3–5 watering), and in the wet periods (2017) watering was not carried out except for the area with a good reclamation state, where only one irrigation was carried out by the norm of 550 m3/ha. Water consumption of potato was studied in dynamics as a whole during the growing season and the months of the growing season depending on weather conditions of vegetation period and land reclamation condition of irrigated lands, as well as in the control (without irrigation). The lowest total water consumption was in the area without irrigation and averaged 226.8 mm. In irrigated areas, its values increased to 319-353.4 mm. The average daily water consumption varied from 2.12 to 3.3 mm. The highest rates of potato water consumption were observed in June and July, and the lowest – in May and August. In the total water consumption of potatoes on the site without irrigation, the largest share was occupied by atmospheric precipitation and in addition to them the arrival of moisture from the soil. Irrigation water was used in irrigated areas along with precipitation, the share of which was 30.2–46.1 %.

Climate-forced changes of bio-productivity of Belorussian terrestrial ecosystems

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-88
Author(s):  
S. A. Lysenko
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Trend ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Current Century ◽  
The Impact

The spatial and temporal particularities of Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) changes over territory of Belarus in the current century and their relationship with climate change were investigated. The rise of NDVI is observed at approximately 84% of the Belarus area. The statistically significant growth of NDVI has exhibited at nearly 35% of the studied area (t-test at 95% confidence interval), which are mainly forests and undeveloped areas. Croplands vegetation index is largely descending. The main factor of croplands bio-productivity interannual variability is precipitation amount in vegetation period. This factor determines more than 60% of the croplands NDVI dispersion. The long-term changes of NDVI could be explained by combination of two factors: photosynthesis intensifying action of carbon dioxide and vegetation growth suppressing action of air warming with almost unchanged precipitation amount. If the observed climatic trend continues the croplands bio-productivity in many Belarus regions could be decreased at more than 20% in comparison with 2000 year. The impact of climate change on the bio-productivity of undeveloped lands is only slightly noticed on the background of its growth in conditions of rising level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

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