Features of impulse sprinkling technology

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1178-1184
Author(s):  
Ye. V. Angold ◽  
V. A. Zharkov ◽  
A. A. Kalashnikov ◽  
N. N. Balgabayev
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Applied Technology ◽  
The Given

The principle of non-stop water supply to plants and soil in accordance with their water intake is progressive. Drip irrigation and impulse sprinkling correspond to this principle. Drip irrigation provides optimal water and nutrient regimes directly to the root system of plants. However, this irrigation is not effective enough under conditions of high temperature (over 25–35 °C) as growth processes are known to slow down and photosynthesis to cease, consequently affecting the yielding capacity. Impulse sprinkling provides optimal moisture level in the given layer, improved microclimate in the plant environment and water regime of plants within the whole vegetation period and is most effective within daytime. Through improvement of microclimate and plants' water regime within periods of high temperature and low air humidity under the conditions of South Kazakhstan, the technology of impulse sprinkling enabled increasing productivity of a clonal rootstock mother plantation for the 3 years of research on average by 19.4% compared to regular sprinkling. The applied technology provided optimization of layers' growth and development conditions upon decrease of the moistening of the soil layer of mother plantation bushes for derogation of their water regime after hilling the grown root layers.

Special features of drip-sprinkler irrigation technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 841-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye. V. Angold ◽  
V. A. Zharkov
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Yielding Capacity ◽  
Irrigation Technology ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
Plant Root System

Irrigation techniques and technology based on principle of regular accumulation of moisture in active layer (surface irrigation, regular sprinkler irrigation) are most common in science and in practice. More progressive is principle of non-stop water supply of plants and soil in conformity to their water consumption. Drip irrigation and impulse sprinkling are based on this principle. The main advantage of drip irrigation is establishment of optimal water and nutritive regime directly in the plant root system. However, such irrigation is not effective enough under conditions of high air temperatures (over 25–35 °С), as growing process of several agricultural plants is known to slow down at 30–35 °С and photosynthesis, consequently, stops, which, in turn, affects plants yielding capacity. Sprinkling irrigation provides improvement of both microclimate in plant's environment and their water regime. Combination of drip and sprinkling irrigation permits the positive characteristics of each individual technology to be united, and to remove a series of disadvantages of their separate use as well as to use drip-sprinkler irrigation technology to create optimal conditions for plant development. Drip-sprinkler irrigation technology facilitates saving of irrigation water through drip irrigation in the main vegetation period and through improvement of microclimate and water regime of agricultural plants with additional sprinkling irrigation within the period of high temperatures and low air humidity that affects the growing process and increases yielding capacity of grown cultures.

scholarly journals Hydrophytometeorological indexes of Virginia type tobacco

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroljub Aksic ◽  
Nebojsa Deletic ◽  
Nebojsa Gudzic ◽  
Slavisa Gudzic ◽  
Slavisa Stojkovic
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Type Water

The field trial of Virginia type tobacco (Hevesi-9) was set in irrigation conditions, in the vicinity of Brzi Brod village, Nisava River's valley, on the alluvium soil type. Water consumption for evapotranspiration, at the irrigated variant and the control one, was calculated for each month and the whole vegetation period, by making the balance between water consumption from the soil layer to 2m under the ground, total precipitation amount in the vegetation and water added by irrigation. Hydro-phyto-meteorological indexes of Virginia type tobacco were calculated in regard to air temperature, relative air humidity, air humidity deficiency, sunshine duration and global radiation. Among the six meteorological elements (the above mentioned five and wind speed) analyzed in the studied period, the highest level of correlation with tobacco ETP was shown by air temperature (r=0.88), so the use of hydro-phytotermic index could be recommended for calculation of potential evapotranspiration in irrigation practice.

Effect of High Temperature after Flowering on Growth and Development of Superior and Inferior Maize Kernels

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Xiao ZHAO ◽  
Ping ZHANG ◽  
Ruo-Nan WANG ◽  
Pu WANG ◽  
Hong-Bin TAO
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Maize Kernels

Thermal and water regime studied in a thin soil layer of green roof systems at early stage of pedogenesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2568-2579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimira Jelinkova ◽  
Michal Dohnal ◽  
Jan Sacha
Keyword(s):  
Water Regime ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Soil Layer

scholarly journals FEATURES OF BRASSICA RAPA'S GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT, DEPENDING ON THE TERRITORY OF SOWING THE SEED

2019 ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
Serhii Vdovenko
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
The Third ◽  
Golden Ball ◽  
And Control

In order to study the effect of the time of sowing seeds on the passage of morphogenesis and productivity of rapeseed, the scheme included experiments where the seeds were sown in I, II, III in April, I and II in May. The experiment used varieties of Golden Ball, Purpurleopop, Purpurov and Geisha, and control was the variant in which the seeds of the Golden Ball varieties were sown in the second decade of April with a row spacing of 45 cm. laboratory - to determine the total yield; statistical - to establish the reliability of the investigated factors. Seed germination analysis used in the experiment ranged from 78.9% to 81.1% on average. The highest indicator of seed germination was characterized by the Purpulepop variety, where the studied value was 83.2%, which was dominated by the seed germination of the control variant by 2.1%. In the early stages of sowing seeds, the period of seedling formation was shorter. Seeding of seeds in the first two decades of April on the surface of the soil was observed for 8 days. The short sprouting period was characterized by all varieties of turnips. As a result of sowing turnip seeds at a later date, namely in the third decade of April - the first and second decade of May and the setting of a higher soil temperature, the period of germination was extended and ranged from 8 to 10 days. By using the term of sowing seeds I-II decade of April, the short interphase period was characterized by Purpleupop and Purpurova varieties, where the specified period was only 22 days. The sowing of turnip seeds at a later date ensured the formation of an interphase period of "seedlings - leaf rosette" in 23-25 days except Purpulopop variety. The interphase period "leaf rosette - the beginning of rooting" and "the beginning of rooting - technical maturity" determined the benefits of early seeding, namely in the first decade of April on varieties Purpulopop and Purpurov.The short vegetation period was characterized by the Golden Ball plants for sowing seeds in the first and third decades of April and the first of May. During the specified seeding period the duration of the growing season was only 40 days. A longer vegetation period was characterized by plants of the Geisha variety for sowing seeds in the first two decades of April. As a result of the use of the researched elements of technology to grow turnips in open soil, the total yield varied from 11.0 t / ha to 24.0 t / ha. The most productive is the first sowing of rapeseed, where its value ranged from 20.6 t / ha to 22.7 t / ha. At the same time, when sowing seeds in the first decade of April, the yield of turnip varieties Purpulepop was the highest and was 22.7 t / ha, or the increase was 2.4 t / ha.

scholarly journals Profile degradations of podzolic chernozem of the territory of Male Polissia

2017 ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Haskevych
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Average Annual Loss ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Statistical Field

The article presents the results of the study of Male Polissia podzolic chernozems profile degradation. The causes and consequences of this dangerous natural and man-made phenomenon resulting in changes in the habitus of soils, losses of soil mass and humus, deterioration of general physical properties and structural and aggregate composition, decrease in soil fertility and agriculture unprofitability on the slopes have been analysed. In the study of the profile degradation of podzolic chernozems, the following methods have been used: comparative-geographical, comparative-profile, soil-catena, analytical, and statistical. Field studies were conducted after the vegetation period. According to the study results, the thickness of the profile of weakly eroded podzolic chernozems, in comparison with non-eroded types, decreased by 17.0–35.5% as compared to the standard, which corresponds to satisfactory and pre-crisis condition, in medium eroded soils - by 32.2–63.4%, the degree of degradation is estimated as pre-crisis, crisis and catastrophic. In the highly eroded types, the thickness of the soil layer decreased by 47.8–74.9%, which indicates a high and very high (crisis) level of profile degradation. Erosion soil loss compared to the standard in weakly eroded podzolic chernozems is 1245.0-3744.6 t/ha, in medium eroded soil – 6762.4-8321.0 t/ha, and in highly-eroded soil – 8874.0-11595.0 t/ha. It has been established that chernozems as a result of water erosion from one hectare of weakly eroded podzolic, on average 39.47–118.70 tons of humus was eroded, 214.36-237.98 tons was eroded from medium eroded ones, and 240.49-267.84 tons from highly eroded soils. The average annual loss of humus is from 0.23-0.68 t/ha in weakly eroded types to 1.37-1.53 t/ha in highly eroded podzolic chernozems. Erosion processes result in deterioration of physical properties of soils. The use of dense and low-humus plumage horizons for plowing causes compaction of soils and deterioration of structure. Minimization of podzolic chernozem profile degradation in Male Polissia is possible provided that the system of anti-erosion measures, especially the conservation of highly eroded soils, the introduction of soil protection methods for soil cultivation, optimization of the structure of crop areas, ban on cultivated crops on slopes more than 3° steep, consolidation of small areas in larger arrays are applied. It is also necessary to introduce a system of basic and crisis monitoring over the condition of eroded soils. Key words: Male Polissia, podzolic chernozems, profile degradation, water erosion, humus, soil conservation.

scholarly journals The influence of irrigation methods on the water regime and productivity of greenhouse tomatoes

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
G. M. Mustafaev ◽  
A. A. Magomedova ◽  
S. M. Mursalov ◽  
A. Ch. Sapukova ◽  
M. M. Khalikov
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Greenhouse Crops ◽  
Irrigation Methods ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes

Relevance. The water regime is one of the main processes in the life of the plant, optimizing which can increase the yield of cultivated crops. In protected ground conditions, the plants' water needs are met exclusively by irrigation. Irrigation is the most important means of increasing the yield of greenhouse crops, including tomato. Greenhouse tomatoes are very demanding on soil moisture, as well as on air humidity. To combat overheating of the air and plants, and to increase the relative humidity of the air in greenhouses, plants for evaporative cooling and humidification of plants are successfully used, which are especially effective in drip irrigation. The combination of drip irrigation with evaporative cooling makes it possible to control the water regime of the soil and air habitat of plants.Materials and Methods. The purpose of the research: to identify the most optimal method of water supply for greenhouse tomatoes. The research was conducted in 2018-2019 in the greenhouse complex "Yugagroholding", located in the suburbs of the city of Makhachkala. The object of research was a hybrid of tomato Mei shuai. The experiments included three options: sprinkling, drip irrigation, and drip irrigation with evaporative cooling.Results. The comparative characteristics of irrigation methods by yield are presented, the results of which indicate the advantage of the second and third options over sprinkling: the highest yield was obtained in the third option and amounted to 14.7 kg/m2 . The best methods of water supply that ensure the optimal water regime of greenhouse tomatoes are identified-drip irrigation and drip irrigation in combination with evaporative cooling, the latter is the best in most indicators. 

scholarly journals Formation of reproductive organs in an early-ripening soybean variety, depending on the daylight duration

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Valentina Sinegovskaya ◽  
Anna Levina
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Soybean Variety ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Sowing Period

To study the reaction of an early-ripening soybean variety to the formation of plant reproductive organs under the influence of different length of daylight hours, studies of 2 sowing periods in a growing house with a new early-ripening variety Sentyabrinka of the FSBSI FRC VNII of Soybean were conducted. Artificial reduction of the daylight duration to 8 hours was established from the phase of the 3rd triple leaf with alternating day and night periods in each variant 7 times during the growing season. The control was plants whose growth and development took place in natural light conditions. According to the research results, it was found that the change in the daylight duration during the vegetation period had a significant impact on the duration of the phases of plant growth and development, the growing season as a whole. When sowing soybeans on May 28 with a natural daylight, the height of plants and their seed productivity were higher than those of plants with a shortened daylight. At this sowing period, the highest productivity was obtained from one plant – 9.3 g, which is 1.0 g more compared to soybean plants with a sowing period of June 3. The growth of plants, the formation of reproductive organs and the seed productivity of the early-repining variety Sentyabrinka depended on the duration of daylight, which can be regulated by the sowing period.

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