scholarly journals Effects of deficit irrigation on grain yield and ear characteristics of maize

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka Kresovic ◽  
Bosko Gajic ◽  
Angelina Tapanarova ◽  
Borivoj Pejic ◽  
Zorica Tomic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
The Republic

In the Vojvodina region, drought is an important factor limiting grain yield in maize. The aims of this research were to compare irrigation scheduling in maize (cv. ZP SC 684), and to evaluate grain yield and ear characteristics. A 3-year field experiment was carried out in the Vojvodina region, a northern part of the Republic of Serbia (384 mm of rainfall in the maize-growing period). Maize was subjected to four irrigation levels (rainfed - I0 and supply at 80-85% - I1, 70-75% - I2 and 60-65% - I3 of field capacity). The results indicated a large yearly variability, mainly due to a rainfall event at the flowering, fertilization and grain filling stages. A significant irrigation effect was observed for all the variables under study, with significant differences between the three irrigation treatments. The grain yield ranged between 8.73 and 16.33 t ha-1. The highest grain yield of maize (average of 15.08 t ha-1) was in the I1 treatment, while the non-irrigated (I0) treatment had the lowest yield (average of 10.20 t ha-1), a 35% grain yield reduction. With the decrease of irrigation water, the grain yield of maize decreased. The most distinctive impact the irrigation had on maize yield was during the warm and very dry growth period of the year of 2008. Maize in the Vojvodina region can be cultivated with acceptable yields while saving irrigation water and maximizing resource-use efficiency.

scholarly journals Validation of irrigation scheduling for cultivation of irrigated wheat in semi-arid climatic condition of Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Elias Kebede ◽  
Yonas Derese ◽  
Nigussie Abebe ◽  
Fikadu Robi ◽  
Kebede Nanesa
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Irrigation Application ◽  
Irrigated Wheat

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted for three years (2014-2016) to validate irrigation scheduling of irrigated wheat cultivation to determine appropriate irrigation regime.  The experiments were irrigation scheduling based on CROPWAT Model 8.0 and validation on field trial. The treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. The field trial was involving three irrigation regime treatments were used for comparison. The treatments were Treatment 1 (T1): Optimal irrigation regime as determined by Cowpat for windows that provides irrigation water of D1=50mm at an interval of I1=7 days, Treatment 2(T2): Optimal irrigation regime as determined by Cowpat for windows that provides irrigation water of D2=67mm at an interval of I2=10 days. Treatment 3(T3): Optimal irrigation regime as determined by Cowpat for windows that provides irrigation water of D3=108.3mm at an interval of I3=15 days. Treatment 4(T4): An irrigation regime that provides irrigation water at critical soil moisture depletion and an amount that would refill the soil moisture depletion to field capacity. Result indicated that grain yield was significantly affected by irrigation levels. Irrigation regime of Treatment 4 produced higher grain yield 2400 kg/ha and 20.0q/ha in 2015 and 2016 cropping season. The highest mean yield of wheat (2200 kg/ha) was obtained from critical moisture refill field capacity irrigation application. Whereas, the lowest mean yield (1778 kg/ha) was obtained from T3, 7 days irrigation interval and 50mm irrigation application. This indicates that yield of wheat decrease with decreasing water amount and short interval frequency. Irrigation scheduling based on cowpat model with irrigation regime that provides irrigation water at critical soil moisture depletion and an amount that would refill the soil moisture depletion to field capacity found promising optimum wheat scheduling under Werer and similar areas.

scholarly journals Mobilisation of arsenic in soils and in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants affected by organic matter and zinc application in irrigation water contaminated with arsenic

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.K. Das ◽  
P. Sur ◽  
K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Continuous Flooding ◽  
Contaminated Irrigation Water ◽  
Zinc Application

The experiments were conducted to study the effects of arsenic-contaminated irrigation water, zinc and organic matter on the mobilization of arsenic in an Aeric Endoaquept in relation to rice (cv. IET 4786). The results show that the amount of extractable arsenic increased with the progress of submergence decreased with zinc application. The magnitude of such decrease varied with the Zn amount, being greater (0.70 to 1.08 mg/kg) in the treatment where zinc was applied at the rate of 20 mg/kg. With regards to organic matter application, the arsenic content in soil markedly decreased, especially with farmyard manure application. The results of the greenhouse experiment with exposure of graded doses of arsenic to rice suggest that the upper toxic limit of arsenic in soil was 10 mg/kg for rice. The results of the field experiment show that the grain yield of continuous flooding (4.84 t/ha) and intermittent flooding up to 40 days after transplanting followed by continuous flooding (4.83 t/ha) with the application of ZnSO<sub>4</sub> at the rate of 25 kg/ha did not vary significantly. The lowest grain yield (3.65 t/ha) was recorded in the treatment where the intermittent flooding was maintained throughout the growth period without the application of zinc. The amount of arsenic was, however, much lower in the treatment where intermittent flooding was maintained throughout the growing period combined with zinc sulphate application.

scholarly journals Characterization and Evaluation of Aerobic Rice Genotypes under Transplanted Condition

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
S Akter ◽  
S Pervin ◽  
KM Iftekharuddaula ◽  
A Akter ◽  
R Yasmeen
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Aerobic Rice ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Aerobic Culture ◽  
Moisture Regimes

Due to over sinking of underground water, scarcity of irrigation water is becoming a threat to the sustainability of irrigated rice production and the concept of aerobic culture appeared prominently. Aerobic rice has the ability to grow under minimum irrigation water and minimum yield reduction occurs when grown under aerobic culture with less water. This experiment aimed to evaluate two advanced aerobic rice lines under transplanted condition in net house. Two advanced lines, IR83140-B-36-B-B and IR83142-B-71-B-B and two check varieties BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 were grown in three moisture regimes. The moisture regimes included a) continuous standing water (CSW) b) saturated moisture condition (SMC) and c) moisture content at field capacity (FCM). The experimental units, drum containing 110 kg soil, were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five replications. Three to four seedlings of forty days were transplanted at the soil surface of each drum. Seedlings were thinned to one plant per genotypes one week after transplanting. Genotype × water interaction showed significant variation in total dry matter production, panicle length, panicle exertion rate, sterility percentage and yield contributing characters. Irrespective of the genotypes, CSW conditions favored to produce maximum number of tiller and panicle. Although BRRI dhan29 gave the highest yield at both CSW and SMC, IR83142-B-71-B-B produced the highest yield at FCM. However, BRRI dhan28 gave similar yield to that of IR83142-B-71-B-B in FCM treated drums.Bangladesh Rice j. 2016, 20(1): 45-50

Dry Matter, Nodulation and Nutrient Uptake in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) as Influenced by Irrigation and Phosphorus

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Parihar ◽  
R. S. Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Eastern India

SUMMARYThe response of chickpea to irrigation and phosphorus was studied at Kharagpur in Eastern India. Irrigation scheduling was based on the ratio between irrigation water applied and cumulative pan evaporation (ID/CPE), and had little effect on dry matter accumulation. Increasing the frequency and amount of irrigation reduced the number and dry weight of nodules per plant, which increased to a maximum 70 days after sowing and then declined. Irrigation significantly reduced grain yield as a result of excessive vegetative growth at the expense of pod formation. Application of phosphorus promoted nodulation and increased both nodule dry weight and the concentration of N, P and K in grain and stover. Uptake of N, P and K by the crop was also increased.

scholarly journals Response of Nutrient Omission and Irrigation Scheduling on Growth and Productivity of Maize

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-354
Author(s):  
N.R. Acharya ◽  
S.K. Sah ◽  
A.K. Gautam ◽  
A.P. Regmi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Hybrid Maize

An experiment was conducted for response of nutrient omission to irrigation scheduling in hybrid maize during winter season of 2015 at farmer’s field  Khajura, Banke where intense summer and severe winter occurs. Soil is sandy loam and climatically humid sub-tropical with average annual rainfall of 1000-1500 mm. The experiment was replicated 3 times with split plot design having plot size of 3 x 3.6 m2. There were three irrigation level as main plot; (30 -35 DAS, tasseling stage), (30-35 DAS, tasseling, grain filling stage), (tasseling stage) and six level of fertilizer dose as sub-plot; farmer fertilization practice (27.6:27.6:18 N-P-K kg ha-1), recommended dose of fertilizer (160:60:40 N-P-K kgha-1), 50 percent above recommended dose (240: 90: 60 N-P-K kg ha-1), N0PK (60:40 P-K kg ha-1), NP0K (160:40 N-K kg ha-1), NPK0 (160:60 N-P kg ha-1). 3 level of irrigation increased the grain yield (4333 kg ha-1) by 33.7% than 2 level of irrigation (3240.6 kg ha-1) and 78.4% than single irrigation (2428.8 kg ha-1). Similarly, 182.4% grain yield could be increased with RDF (4994.9 kg ha-1) than N0PK (1768.6 kg ha-1). Grain nutrient uptake was recorded 80.4% N (56.3 kg ha-1), 79% P (18.8 kg ha-1), 88.8% K (15.1 kg ha-1) higher with three levels of irrigation than single irrigation N (31.2 kg ha-1), P (10.5 kg ha-1), K (8 kg ha-1) and 184% N (64.6 kg ha-1), 183.7% P (21 kg ha-1) and 188% K (17 kg ha-1) was recorded higher with RDF than (N0PK) N (22.7 kg ha-1), P (7.4 kg ha-1), K (5.9 kg ha-1). Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(3): 343-354

Grain nitrogen concentration differences among three sorghum hybrids with similar grain yield

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kamoshita ◽  
M. Cooper ◽  
R. C. Muchow ◽  
S. Fukai
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
N Availability ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Grain Nitrogen

The differences in grain nitrogen (N) concentration among 3 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) hybrids with similar grain yield were examined under N-limiting conditions in relation to the availability of assimilate and N to grain. Several manipulation treatments [N fertiliser application, lower leaves shading, thinning (reduced plant population), whole canopy shading, canopy opening, spikelet removal] were imposed to alter the relative N and assimilate availability to grain under full irrigation supply. Grain N concentration increased by either increased grain N availability or yield reduction while maintaining N uptake. Grain N concentration, however, did not decrease in the treatments where relative abundance of N compared with assimilate was intended to be reduced. The minimum levels of grain N concentration differed from 0.95% (ATx623/RTx430) to 1.14% (DK55plus) in these treatments. Regardless of the extent of variation in assimilate and N supply to grain, the ranking of hybrids on grain N concentration was consistent across the manipulation treatments. For the 3 hybrids examined, higher grain N concentration was associated with higher N uptake during grain filling and, to a lesser extent, with higher N mobilisation. Hybrids with larger grain N accumulation had a larger number of grains. There was no tradeoff between grain N concentration and yield, suggesting that grain protein concentration can be improved without sacrificing yield potential.

Usage of soil moisture models in agronomic research

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. O. Akinremi ◽  
S. M. McGinn
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Water Model ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient

Soil moisture controls many important processes in the soil-plant system and the extent of these processes cannot be quantified without knowing moisture status of the root zone. Of agronomic importance these include, seedling emergence, evapotranspiration, mineralization of the soil organic fraction, surface runoff, leaching and crop yield. Many models have been developed to simulate these processes based on algorithms of varying degrees of complexity that describe the dynamic nature of soil moisture at different temporal and spatial scales. This paper reviews the direct applications of soil moisture models in agronomy from the field to regional scale and for daily to seasonal time steps. At every level of detail, the lack of model validation beyond the region where it was developed is the main limitation to the application of soil moisture models in agronomy. At the field scale, models have been used for irrigation scheduling to ensure efficient utilization of irrigation water and maximize crop yields. Models are also used to estimate crop yield based on the growing season water use. The water use of crops is converted to biomass accumulation and grain yield using a water-use efficiency coefficient and a harvest index. Other empirical equations are available that relate cumulative crop water use directly to grain yield. On a regional scale, in a study of drought climatology on the Canadian prairie, we coupled a soil water model, the Versatile Soil Moisture Budget, with the Palmer Drought Index model to improve the modelling of soil moisture. This was found to improve the relationship of the Palmer drought index to wheat yield reduction resulting from drought. Key words: Soil moisture, modelling, water-use, evapotranspiration, aridity index, Canadian prairies

scholarly journals Effect of Pterocladia capillacea Seaweed Extracts on Growth Parameters and Biochemical Constituents of Jew’s Mallow

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ashour ◽  
Ahmed A. El-Shafei ◽  
Hanan M. Khairy ◽  
Doaa Y. Abd-Elkader ◽  
Mohamed A. Mattar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Initial Growth

We performed field experiments to evaluate the influence of two extraction treatments, seaweed (Pterocladia capillacea S.G. Gmelin) water extraction (WE) and ultrasound-assisted water extraction (USWE) at three concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%), as well as control NPK traditional mineral fertilizer on the growth, yield, minerals, and antioxidants of Jew’s Mallow (Corchorus olitorius L.) during the two seasons of 2016 and 2017 in Egypt. Plant height, number of leaves, and fresh weight of WE10 treatment were the highest (p < 0.05) as 59.67 cm, 10.67 and 2.41 kg m−2 in 2016, respectively, and 57.33 cm, 11.00 and 2.32 kg m−2 in 2017, respectively. WE10 and USWE5 treatments produced the highest dry matter (17.07%) in 2016 and (16.97%) in 2017, respectively. WE10 plants had an increased water productivity of 41.2% relative to control plants in both seasons. The highest chlorophyll ‘a’ was recorded after the WE10 treatment in 2016 and 2017 (17.79 μg g−1 and 17.84 μg g−1, respectively). The highest levels of total antioxidant capacity, total phenolics, and total flavonoids were also recorded after the WE10 treatment. Application of WE10 boosted growth, yield, minerals, and antioxidants of Jew’s Mallow. The CROPWAT model was used to estimate the evapotranspiration, irrigation water requirements, and yield response to irrigation scheduling. Our data showed a yield reduction in the initial growth stage if a limited amount of water was provided. Therefore, irrigation water should be provided during the most important stages of crop development with the choice of effective irrigation practices to avoid water losses, as this helps to maximize yield.

scholarly journals Grain yield, biomass productivity and water use efficiency in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) under drought stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalel Chakri Telahigue ◽  
Laila Ben Yahia ◽  
Fateh Aljane ◽  
Khaled Belhouchett ◽  
Lamjed Toumi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Irrigation Water Requirement ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Use Efficiency

Five quinoa cultivars introduced from Egypte DRC (Desert Research Center-Caire) were tested in an experimental station in Tunisia located under arid climatic conditions. In order to test their adaptation to abiotic constraints; water requirements, yield (grain, dry matter) and water use efficiency (WUE) were correlated to three water stress: T100% of field capacity (T1), T60% of field capacity (T2) and T30% of field capacity (T3). Net irrigation water requirement was estimated using CROPWAT 8.0 software. The study aims to develop an irrigation scheduling for quinoa from January to Jun during 2015 season. The ET0 was between 1.08 mm/day and 4.95 mm/day and net irrigation water requirement was 287.2 mm. For grain yield, 1000 grains weight and dry matter production results show significant differences between cultivars and water stress. The seeds productivity of the five cultivars ranges between 2092.6kg/ha and 270kg/ha under full irrigation and it decreases to reach up 74% under T3 of field capacity stress in comparison with control stress. Similar results were shown for dry matter production. On refilling soil to field capacity with irrigation at critical depletion, 70% field efficiency was achieved which correspond to optimal condition, while adapting fixed interval per stage. For WUE, highest value of irrigation and total water use efficiency for both grain and dry matter  ​​were recorded to the T2 hydrous stress.

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