scholarly journals Characterization and Evaluation of Aerobic Rice Genotypes under Transplanted Condition

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
S Akter ◽  
S Pervin ◽  
KM Iftekharuddaula ◽  
A Akter ◽  
R Yasmeen
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Aerobic Rice ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Aerobic Culture ◽  
Moisture Regimes

Due to over sinking of underground water, scarcity of irrigation water is becoming a threat to the sustainability of irrigated rice production and the concept of aerobic culture appeared prominently. Aerobic rice has the ability to grow under minimum irrigation water and minimum yield reduction occurs when grown under aerobic culture with less water. This experiment aimed to evaluate two advanced aerobic rice lines under transplanted condition in net house. Two advanced lines, IR83140-B-36-B-B and IR83142-B-71-B-B and two check varieties BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 were grown in three moisture regimes. The moisture regimes included a) continuous standing water (CSW) b) saturated moisture condition (SMC) and c) moisture content at field capacity (FCM). The experimental units, drum containing 110 kg soil, were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five replications. Three to four seedlings of forty days were transplanted at the soil surface of each drum. Seedlings were thinned to one plant per genotypes one week after transplanting. Genotype × water interaction showed significant variation in total dry matter production, panicle length, panicle exertion rate, sterility percentage and yield contributing characters. Irrespective of the genotypes, CSW conditions favored to produce maximum number of tiller and panicle. Although BRRI dhan29 gave the highest yield at both CSW and SMC, IR83142-B-71-B-B produced the highest yield at FCM. However, BRRI dhan28 gave similar yield to that of IR83142-B-71-B-B in FCM treated drums.Bangladesh Rice j. 2016, 20(1): 45-50

scholarly journals Tolerance of melon cultivars to irrigation water salinity

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 846-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco A. de L. Pereira ◽  
José F. de Medeiros ◽  
Hans R. Gheyi ◽  
Nildo da S. Dias ◽  
Welka Preston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Balance Growth ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity

ABSTRACT The use of saline water for irrigation causes severe restriction to nutritional balance, growth and production in many crops due to the effect of salts on plant and soil. The objective of this study was to investigate the response of melon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivars to various levels of irrigation water salinity on yield and fruit quality. A field experiment was conducted in a split-plot randomized block design with four replicates. The factors were five levels of irrigation water salinity (0.54, 1.48, 2.02, 3.03 and 3.90 dS m-1) in the plots and five melon cultivars (C1 - Sancho - Pele de sapo; C2 - Medellín - Pele de sapo; C3 - Mandacaru - Canary; C4 - Néctar - Galia; C5 - Sedna - Cantaloupe) in the sub-plots. According to the results, among the five genotypes studied, Sancho was the most salt-tolerant genotype, followed by Mandacaru, Medellín, Sedna and Néctar. Since irrigation water salinity did not influence the mean fruit weight, the reduction in the number of fruits was the main cause of yield reduction of the melon crop under high salinity water. The contents of total soluble solids increased under high salinity level.

scholarly journals Salt Removal by Combining a Permanent Skip Furrow Irrigation and Salt Removal Sheet

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junya Onishi ◽  
Gaukhar K. Paluashova ◽  
Yulia I. Shirokova ◽  
Haruyuki Fujimaki
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Efficient Measure ◽  
Large Crop

Skip furrow irrigation (SFI) can save water by irrigating every alternate furrow. Usually, irrigated furrows are alternated at each irrigation event under SFI. If irrigated furrows are fixed (permanent SFI, PSFI), more water may be saved by reducing the wetting area, and salts may accumulate on the dry side of the ridge. Salt removal sheet, a method of collecting salts on the sheet laid on the soil surface utilizing high evaporation demand in drylands, may be an efficient measure for removal of accumulated salt under PSFI. We evaluated salinity movement and water saving under PSFI through a field experiment in Uzbekistan. In addition, a salt removal sheet was applied to the shoulder of the ridge on the drier side under PSFI to evaluate its potential in removing salt from the soil with the practice. The results showed that salts tend to accumulate on the dry side of the ridge, and the amount of irrigation water was halved without a large crop yield reduction. The PSFI + Sheet was able to catch 6.4% of salts in the top 10 cm soil layer.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF COMPOST DOSES ON SOIL RESILIENCE IN PALU VALLEY

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
Danang Widjajanto ◽  
Uswah Hasanah ◽  
Imam Wahyudi ◽  
St Sukmawati ◽  
Sufyan Sufyan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Soil Resilience

Applying organic matter to the soil surface is an effective effort to increase soil resilience in the Palu valley, which is classified as low. This study aimed to determine: 1) the effect of several doses of compost on the physico-chemical properties of the soil, 2) the correlation between the percentage of organic carbon and total nitrogen in the soil to several physico-chemical properties of the soil. The research was based on a randomized block design in a greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University, Palu. Compost uses raw materials for plantain stems (Musa textilia) and leaves of Gamal (Gliricidia sepium). The compost doses used in the experiment consisted of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% of the weight of air-dry soil, respectively. The treatment was repeated three times. The results showed that compost application significantly affected soil content weight, total porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, field capacity moisture content, percentage of organic carbon, total nitrogen, and cation exchange capacity. The correlation test results showed a powerful relationship between the percentage of organic carbon or total soil nitrogen to other soil physico-chemical properties observed in the experiment.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF IRRIGATION REGIMES ON YIELD AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF EXTRA-EARLY MAIZE VARIETY IN KANO RIVER IRRIGATION PROJECT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-299
Author(s):  
Mubarak Lawal ◽  
Muyideen Abubakar Oyebode ◽  
Jamilu Suleiman
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Crop Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Use Efficiency

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of irrigation regimes on yield and water use efficiency of maize crop (Zea Mays L.; SAMMAZ 29) under different irrigation scheduling. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used and the experiment consisted of three levels of irrigation water application depth of 100%, 75% and 50% replacement of Total Available Water Capacity (TAWC) and three irrigation intervals of 7, 10 and 13 days replicated three times. Irrigation water was applied into each of 0.75 m × 90 m furrow using siphon tube of 7.5 cm diameter and 200 cm length. The results showed that the highest average irrigation water use efficiency was at I10D75% with 0.71 kg/m3 while the least was at I13D50% with 0.41 kg/m3. The highest average crop water use efficiency (CWUE) was at I10D75% with 0.79 kg/m3 while the least was at I13D75% with 0.56 kg/m3. The highest average maize yield was at I7D100% with 3580 kg/ha while the least was at I13D50% with 1200 kg/ha. The study established that irrigation after every 10 days interval with 75% replacement of TAWC using furrow irrigation of 90 m lengths produced the highest crop water use efficiency, thus saving about 48.3% of irrigation water (amounting to 329 mm) with reference to control (I7D100%) which causes a yield reduction of about 19% (amounting to 680 kg/ha). This efficient water usage saved cost and also helps to address the problem of high water table of the study area.

scholarly journals Zinc Diffusion and Availability Affected by Different Sources in Soils of Contrasting Textures

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Wedisson Oliveira Santos ◽  
Priscila Maria de Aquino ◽  
Rafael Lucas Coca Cuesta ◽  
Isabela Maísa Honorato Saldanha ◽  
Edson Marcio Mattiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Zinc Diffusion ◽  
Filter Papers

Trends in new fertilizer technologies should balance the nutrient release rate from fertilizers with plant demands over time, while developing suitable physical characteristics of the fertilizer’s particles. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of three zinc fertilizers [ZnO, ZnSO4, and a commercial co-granulated ZnO+S0 fertilizer (ES_Zn)] on Zn diffusion in soil and their agronomic performances. A Petri dish trial was carried out in order to evaluate the diffusion of Zn in the soil. The experiment was designed as a factorial scheme (3 + 1) × 2 × 3, with three Zn sources, one control treatment (without Zn application), two soils of contrasting textures (sandy and clay), and three incubation times (1, 30 and 60 d). The experiment was carried out under a completely randomized design with four replications. Zinc diffusion was assessed according to the method proposed by Degryse et al. (2015) along of incubation times. For that, a ZnSO4 solution or ZnO suspension was applied by pipetting 15 μL of solution or suspension into a small hole (~0.5-cm deep) in the center of the Petri dish. A single pastille of ES_Zn fertilizer (30±0.5 mg) was placed in the center of the Petri dish, at the same depth. Soil was watered to 80% of field capacity. Filter papers (Whatman) were impregnated with CaCO3 and placed on the soil surface. After 2 h of reaction, the CaCO3-impregnated filter papers were collected, and the precipitated Zn in the papers was colored with dithizone, giving a pink color. The performance of Zn sources was evaluated in a greenhouse through a successive maize-soybean-millet crop. The trial was designed as a 2 × (3 × 3 +1) factorial scheme, being two soils (sandy and clay), three Zn sources (ZnSO4, ZnO, and ES_Zn), three Zn doses (1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 mg dm-3 Zn), and a control treatment. The experiment was a randomized block design with four replications, being the experimental unit composed of a pot with 4 dm3 of soil. Pastille ES_Zn, ZnO (as suspension), and ZnSO4 (as solution) were applied at five equidistant points, at 5 cm below the soil surface. After 30, 60 and 60 days of planting, shoot of maize soybean and millet were harvest, oven-dried at 70 °C for 72 h (until constant weight), weighed and milled for chemical analysis. ES_Zn fertilizer promoted a delay Zn release in the soil, being effective as a fertilizer only in the last crop (millet), as well as ZnO. Zinc oxide and ZnSO4 had similar performances for increasing Zn availability in the inner soil portion, but its diffusion in soil was superior when the source was sulfate. The highly soluble ZnSO4 was more effective than ZnO-based fertilizers in terms of plant nutrition, especially for the two first crops. Our results also suggest that ZnO is solubilized in soil at high pH (6.6), its dispersion in soil being a key factor for the dissolution rate.

scholarly journals Effects of deficit irrigation on grain yield and ear characteristics of maize

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka Kresovic ◽  
Bosko Gajic ◽  
Angelina Tapanarova ◽  
Borivoj Pejic ◽  
Zorica Tomic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
The Republic

In the Vojvodina region, drought is an important factor limiting grain yield in maize. The aims of this research were to compare irrigation scheduling in maize (cv. ZP SC 684), and to evaluate grain yield and ear characteristics. A 3-year field experiment was carried out in the Vojvodina region, a northern part of the Republic of Serbia (384 mm of rainfall in the maize-growing period). Maize was subjected to four irrigation levels (rainfed - I0 and supply at 80-85% - I1, 70-75% - I2 and 60-65% - I3 of field capacity). The results indicated a large yearly variability, mainly due to a rainfall event at the flowering, fertilization and grain filling stages. A significant irrigation effect was observed for all the variables under study, with significant differences between the three irrigation treatments. The grain yield ranged between 8.73 and 16.33 t ha-1. The highest grain yield of maize (average of 15.08 t ha-1) was in the I1 treatment, while the non-irrigated (I0) treatment had the lowest yield (average of 10.20 t ha-1), a 35% grain yield reduction. With the decrease of irrigation water, the grain yield of maize decreased. The most distinctive impact the irrigation had on maize yield was during the warm and very dry growth period of the year of 2008. Maize in the Vojvodina region can be cultivated with acceptable yields while saving irrigation water and maximizing resource-use efficiency.

THE EFFECT OF SALINITY OF IRRIGATION WATER AND SPRAYING BY HUMIC ACID IN SOME OF MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES, GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
E. K. Al-Fahdawe ◽  
A. A. Al-Sumaidaie ◽  
Y. K. Al-Hadithy
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

A pots experiment was conducted at the Department of Biology/College of Education for Girls/University of Anbar during Autumn season of 2018-2019 to study the effect of the salinity irrigation water and spray by humic acid in some of morphological, physiological, growth and yield traits of wheat cv. IPa. The experiment was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The first factor was assigned for irrigation by saline water at four level (S0, S1, S2 and S3), while the second factor was the foliar spraying of humic acid in three level (0.0, 1.0 and 1.5 g l-1). The results showed that there was significant reduction in plant height, vegetative dry weight, biological yield and chlorophyll leaves content when the plants were irrigated by saline water approached to 41.09 cm, 0.747 g, 0.849 g plant-1 and 38.67 SPAD, respectively at salinity level of 8.3 ds m-1 compared with the plants which irrigated by fresh water. The total carbohydrates were significantly decreased at the treatment of 8.3 ds m-1 reached 18.71 mg g-1. Spray levels humic acid achieved a significant increase in plant height, dry weight of the vegetative part, biological yield and chlorophyll leaves content sprayed at 1.0 and 1.5 g l-1 compared to no sprayed. Nitrogen concentration was significantly increased, while both phosphorus and potassium were decreased in the vegetative parts of wheat as the salinity of irrigation water increased. However, the increase of humic acid levels led to significant increasing in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentration.

Distribution, transformations and recovery of urinary sulphur and sources of plant-available soil sulphur in irrigated pasture soil–plant systems treated with 35sulphur-labelled urine

1994 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Nguyen ◽  
K. M. Goh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Hydriodic Acid ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
Pasture Soil ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
S Model

SUMMARYA field plot experiment of 271 days duration was conducted on New Zealand irrigated pastures, commencing in the summer (January) 1988, on a Templeton silt loam soil (Udic Ustochrept) by applying 35sulphur (35S)-labelled urine (250 μCi/g S with 1300 μg S/ml) to field plots (600 × 600 mm) at a rate equivalent to that normally occurring in sheep urine patches (150 ml/0·03 m2) to investigate the distribution, transformations and recovery of urinary S in pasture soil–plant systems and sources of plant-available soil S as influenced by the available soil moisture at the time of urine application and varying amounts of applied irrigation water. Results obtained showed that c. 55–90% of 35S-labelled urine was incorporated into soil sulphate (SO42−), ester SO42− and carbon (C)-bonded S fractions within the major plant rooting zone (0–300 mm), as early as 27 days after urine application. Hydriodic acid (Hl)-reducible and C-bonded soil S fractions showed no consistent trend of incorporation. On day 271, labelled-S was found in soil SO42−, Hl-reducible S and C-bonded S fractions to a soil depth of 500 mm, indicating that not only SO42− but also organic S fractions from soils and 35S-labelled urine were leached beyond the major rooting zone. A large proportion (c. 59–75%) of 35S-labelled urine was not recovered in pasture soil–plant systems over a 271-day period, presumably due to leaching losses beyond the 0–300 mm soil depth. This estimated leaching loss was comparable to that (75%) predicted using the S model developed by the New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture. The recovery of urinary S in soil–plant systems over a 271-day period was not affected by different amounts of irrigation water applied 7 days after urine application to soil at either 50 or 75% available water holding capacity (AWHC). However, significantly lower S recovery occurred when urinary S was applied to the soil at 25% AWHC than at field capacity, suggesting that urinary S applied at field capacity might not have sufficient time to be adsorbed by soil particles, enter soil micropores or be immobilized by soil micro-organisms. Both soil ester SO42− and calcium phosphate-extractable soil S in urine-treated soils were found to be major S sources for pasture S uptake. Labelled S from 35S-labelled urine accounted for c. 12–47% of total S in pasture herbage.

scholarly journals Can Sustained Deficit Irrigation Save Water and Meet the Quality Characteristics of Mango?

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 448
Author(s):  
Leontina Lipan ◽  
Aarón A. Carbonell-Pedro ◽  
Belén Cárceles Rodríguez ◽  
Víctor Hugo Durán-Zuazo ◽  
Dionisio Franco Tarifa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Peel Color

Mango is one of the most cultivated tropical fruits worldwide and one of few drought-tolerant plants. Thus, in this study the effect of a sustained deficit irrigation (SDI) strategy on mango yield and quality was assessed with the aim of reducing irrigation water in mango crop. A randomized block design with four treatments was developed: (i) full irrigation (FI), assuring the crop’s water needs, and three levels of SDI receiving 75%, 50%, and 33% of irrigation water (SDI75, SDI50, and SDI33). Yield, morphology, color, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS), organic acids (OA), sugars, minerals, fiber, antioxidant activity (AA), and total phenolic content (TPC) were analyzed. The yield was reduced in SDI conditions (8%, 11%, and 20% for SDI75, SDI50, and SDI33, respectively), but the irrigation water productivity was higher in all SDI regimes. SDI significantly reduced the mango size, with SDI33 generating the smallest mangoes. Peel color significantly changed after 13 days of ripening, with SDI75 being the least ripe. The TA, AA, and citric acid were higher in SDI75, while the TPC and fiber increased in all SDI levels. Consequently, SDI reduced the mango size but increased the functionality of samples, without a severe detrimental effect on the yield.

scholarly journals Trace Metal Distribution and Mobility in Soils after Silvicultural Thinning and Burning

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Ngowari Jaja ◽  
Monday Mbila ◽  
Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Silvicultural thinning and burning are common management practices that are widely used to address ecosystem problems such as tree stocking and general forest health. However, high-severity fire has variable effects on soils, resulting in damages which are directly or indirectly reflected on the trace metal chemistry of the soil. This study was conducted to evaluate the trace metal variation at the Bankhead National Forest in Northern Alabama following the silvicultural thinning and burning. The experimental site had treatments consisting of two burning patterns and three levels of thinning as part of an overall treatment of three burning patterns and three levels of thinning applied to nine treatment plots to fit a completely randomized block design experiment. Four treatments sites were used for this study and samples were collected from soil profile pits excavated at representative plots within each treatment. The samples were analyzed for trace metals-As, Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb-using Perkin Elmer 2100 ICP-OES. Post treatment samples indicated that the trace metal concentrations generally decreased with soil depth. Copper, Ni, and Zn at the Pre-burn site gradually increased with depth to a maximum concentration at about 50 cm below the soil surface. Arsenic in the surface horizons increased by 156% in the burn-only sites, 54% in the thin-only treatment, 30% for the burn and thin treatments. Such differences were unlikely due to differences in the geochemistry of the parent material, but likely due to anthropogenic activities and possibly the forest management practices in question.

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